tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58790284511068708912024-03-13T19:16:14.758+08:00News, Advanced Engineering Materials Laboratory at CCE, NTUST新聞佈告, 先進工程材料研究室, 國立臺灣科技大學營建工程系Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger76125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-80742198137381589202023-11-25T17:50:00.018+08:002024-02-23T09:37:13.803+08:00建築物混凝土結構設計規範 第二十章 鋼筋性質、耐久性及埋置物 (20240101生效)<script async="" id="MathJax-script" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
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<div><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ref: </span></div><div><a href="https://www.nlma.gov.tw/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A/30-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87/38347-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">https://www.cpami.gov.tw/最新消息/法規公告/30-建築管理篇/38347-建築物混凝土結構設計規範.html</span></a></div><div><br /></div><div>20240219勘誤部分規定</div><div><br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S201">20.1 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">範圍<br /></span></span></a></span><div><a href="#S202">20.2 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">非預力鋼筋及鋼線<br /></span></span></a></div></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2021">20.2.1 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">材料性質<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2022">20.2.2 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">設計性質<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S203">20.3 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">預力鋼絞線、鋼線、鋼棒<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2031">20.3.1 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">材料性質<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2032">20.3.2 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">設計性質</span></span></a> </div></div></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S204">20.4 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">合成柱用結構鋼、鋼管及鋼筒<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2041">20.4.1 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">材料性質<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2042">20.4.2 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">設計性質<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S205">20.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">鋼筋之耐久性規定<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2051">20.5.1 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土保護層之規定<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2052">20.5.2 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">非預力之塗布鋼筋<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2053">20.5.3 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">無握裹預力鋼筋之防蝕保護<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2054">20.5.4 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">注漿型鋼腱之防蝕保護<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2055">20.5.5 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">後拉預力錨定器、續接器與端部配件之腐蝕防護<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2056">20.5.6 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">外置後拉預力之腐蝕防護</span></span></a> </div></div></blockquote><div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S206">20.6 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">埋置物</span></span></a></div>
<div> </div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html" target="_blank">第十九章 混凝土:設計與耐久性要求</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">第二十五章 鋼筋細節</div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html" target="_blank">第二十六章 設計圖說及檢驗</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
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<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">20.1 </span>範圍</span></h1><p><a name="S201"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.1.1 </span>本章適用之鋼筋,含<span lang="EN-US">(a)</span>至<span lang="EN-US">(c)</span>項要求:<br /><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>材料性質。<br /><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>用於設計之性質。<br /><span lang="EN-US">(c) </span>耐久性要求,包括最小規定保護層之要求。 </div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"> </div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.1.2 </span>埋置物應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S206"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.6<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>規定。<br /> </div></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 本章規定鋼筋材料性質。其他金屬配件,如嵌件、錨螺栓、隔離縫或收縮縫之光面綴縫筋等,於本規範通常不作為加強筋。本規範未列入纖維強化塑膠<span lang="EN-US">(FRP)</span>筋。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI4401">ACI 440.1R</a></span>及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI4402">440.2R</a></span>已提供<span lang="EN-US">FRP</span>筋使用指引。<br /><br /> 預力混凝土使用之預力鋼筋其材料性質規定詳見於<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S203"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.3<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>,但預力構材中所用之非預力鋼筋仍應遵照本節之規定。<br /></p><hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2 </span>非預力鋼筋及鋼線</span></h1>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1 </span>材料性質</b></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.1 </span>除螺箍筋可為光面鋼筋或鋼線外,非預力鋼筋須有竹節、鋼線須為麻面。</div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S20212"></a>20.2.1.2 </span>非預力鋼筋及鋼線之降伏強度可由<span lang="EN-US">(a)</span>或<span lang="EN-US">(b)</span>決定:</div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>用<span lang="EN-US">0.2%</span>偏移量之橫距法,符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS2111">CNS 2111</a></span>規定。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>非預力鋼筋或鋼線如有尖銳轉折或明確降伏點,可用指針停頓法<span lang="EN-US"> (halt-of-force method)</span>。 </div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;"> 多數非預力鋼筋實際表現出的應力應變行為是尖銳的降伏或轉折<span lang="EN-US">(</span>彈塑性應力應變行為<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。然而,鋼筋產品如較高強度等級的鋼筋、鋼線、鋼線圈、不銹鋼筋和鋼線,通常不會出現明顯降伏的應力應變行為,而是逐步降伏。用來量測鋼筋降伏強度的方法需提供其兩種型態的應力應變關係。<br /><br /> 研究顯示<span lang="EN-US">(Paulson</span>等人<span lang="EN-US"> 2013)</span>採用<span lang="EN-US">0.2%</span>偏移量的橫距法可合理評估鋼筋混凝土結構的強度。<br /><br /> 鋼筋降伏強度的試驗方法<span lang="EN-US">(</span>包括橫距法及指針停頓法<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,可參考<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS2111">CNS 2111</a></span>關於非預力鋼筋及鋼線的試驗方法與定義。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS2111">CNS 2111</a></span>標準對於降伏強度可採納三種方法,包含橫距法決定降伏強度<span lang="EN-US">(0.2%</span>橫距<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、永久伸長率法及全伸長率法,本規範採用橫距法決定降伏強度。</div>
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</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.3 </span>竹節鋼筋須符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>規定。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><p><a name="S20213"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;"> 符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>之低合金鋼竹節鋼筋,係用於控制抗拉性質需求,限制化學成分以加強可銲性,或二者皆需者。</div>
</div>
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</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.4 </span>螺箍筋所用光面鋼筋或光面鋼線應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>或<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></span>及相關規定。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;"> 光面螺箍筋作為柱之横向鋼筋、抗剪及抗扭構件之横向鋼筋或續接處之圍束筋。</div>
</div>
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</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.5 </span>銲接竹節鋼筋網所用之竹節鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>之規定。<br /></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.6 </span>擴頭竹節鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20216"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.1.6</a></span>及相關規定。</p></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T20216"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.6 </span>擴頭竹節鋼筋之機械</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 468px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 42px;">
<td style="height: 42px; text-align: center; width: 137px;">
<p><strong>加載程序</strong><strong><sup>[1]</sup></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 42px; text-align: center; width: 150.141px;">
<p><strong>指標</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 42px; text-align: center; width: 170.859px;">
<p><strong>HA</strong><strong>級合格標準</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 70px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 111px; text-align: center; width: 137px;">
<p>0→0.67<span style="text-align: left;">`P_y`</span><em><sub> </sub></em>→0.02<em> </em>`P_y`</p>
<p>→拉至破壞</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 70px; text-align: center; width: 150.141px;">
<p>抗拉強度</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 70px; text-align: center; width: 170.859px;"><p>`>=`1.25 `f_y`</p>
<p>且 <span style="text-align: left;">`>=`</span> `f_u`</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41px;">
<td style="height: 41px; text-align: center; width: 150.141px;">
<p>接合處殘留滑動量 `(delta_s)_(1C)`</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 41px; text-align: center; width: 170.859px;"><p>`<=` 0.3 mm</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
<p> <span lang="EN-US">[1]</span>無滑動疑慮者可直接拉至破壞。</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 擴頭竹節鋼筋宜符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA970">ASTM A970</a></span>附錄<span lang="EN-US">A1</span>之<span lang="EN-US">HA</span>級擴頭尺度限制,係因缺乏不符<span lang="EN-US">HA</span>級尺度擴頭鋼筋之試驗資料。<span lang="EN-US">Shao</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(2016)</span>試驗顯示擴頭之凸出隆起物與承壓面特性不符合<span lang="EN-US">HA</span>級相關限制時,錨定強度低於第<span lang="EN-US">25.4.4</span>節所依據之試驗擴頭特性。 </p>
<p> 我國尚無擴頭竹節鋼之<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>標準,機械性質試驗可參考美國<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA970">ASTM A970</a></span>或台灣混凝土學會<span lang="EN-US">(2011)</span>鋼筋混凝土用錨定頭規範。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20216"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.1.6</a></span>是參考國內最新試驗數據所訂之最低標準,檢驗頻率和取樣方式可參考<span lang="EN-US">26.6.5.1</span>節。設計者亦可參考其他相關規範如日本土木學會鉄筋定着・継手指針<span lang="EN-US">(2007)</span>或<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ISO15698">ISO 15698</a>(2012)</span>以擴頭竹節鋼筋埋置於混凝土之拉拔試驗替代。 </p>
<div>
<p> 單向拉伸及滑動試驗程序與<span lang="EN-US">26.6.5</span>節機械式續接相似,惟加載上限降至<span lang="EN-US">0.67`P_y`</span>對應使用載重下之應力約<span lang="EN-US">(2/3)`f_y`</span>,減載至下限<span lang="EN-US">0.02`P_y`</span>測試接合處之密合程度,接合處殘留滑動量允收值同為<span lang="EN-US">0.3 mm</span>。螺紋接合方有滑動疑慮需要檢驗,銲接接合或鍛造擴頭鋼筋等無滑動疑慮者可省略滑動量檢驗,直接拉至破壞測定抗拉強度。測試報告應包含破壞模式如鋼筋、錨定頭、或鋼筋與錨定頭接合部之局部或全部斷裂。<span lang="EN-US">HA</span>級擴頭竹節鋼筋要求拉伸試驗達到鋼筋規定最小抗拉強度及<span lang="EN-US">1.25`f_y`</span>以上,確保鋼筋發展足夠之韌性。拉伸試驗之破壞模式除非合約另有規定,否則不得作為拒收之理由。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.7 </span>除須依據<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20212"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.1.2<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>測定降伏強度外,麻面鋼線、光面鋼線、銲接麻面鋼線網、及銲接光面鋼線網須符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></span>或相關規定。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><p><a name="S20217"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 光面鋼線只允許用於螺箍筋和銲接光面鋼線網,後者可考量使用麻面鋼線。不銹鋼鋼線和不銹鋼銲接鋼線網可用於要求高抗腐蝕或管制磁通量的地方。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA1022">ASTM A1022</a></span>麻面不銹鋼鋼線、麻面及光面銲接鋼線網之物理與力學性質,與<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></span>之麻面鋼線、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></span>之麻面銲接鋼線網及光面銲接鋼線網之要求相同。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.7.1 </span>麻面鋼線尺度應為標稱直徑<span lang="EN-US">6 mm </span>至標稱直徑<span lang="EN-US">16 mm</span>。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 麻面鋼線尺度設上限係因試驗<span lang="EN-US"> (Rutledge</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Devries 2002) </span>顯示<span lang="EN-US">MD290 (</span>標稱直徑<span lang="EN-US">19.2 mm) </span>鋼線受拉力時之握裹強度只能達公式<span lang="EN-US">(25.4.2.4a)</span>值之<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.7.2 </span>尺度大於標稱直徑<span lang="EN-US">16 mm </span>之麻面鋼線若視同光面鋼線使用,且依照第<span lang="EN-US">25.4.7 </span>節與第<span lang="EN-US">25.5.4 </span>節計算伸展長度與續接長度時,則可用於銲接鋼線網。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.1.7.3 </span>除依第<span lang="EN-US">25.7.1 </span>節規定用為肋筋外,銲接鋼線網沿設計應力方向之銲接交接點間距,不得超過<span lang="EN-US">(a)</span>或<span lang="EN-US">(b):</span><br />(a)銲接麻面鋼線網:400 mm<br />(b)銲接光面鋼線網:300 mm</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.2.2 </span>設計性質</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2022"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.2.1 </span>非預力鋼筋及鋼線之應力小於<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>時,應力為<span lang="EN-US">Es</span>乘以鋼筋應變。應變大於<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>對應之應變時,應力須視為與應變無關且等於<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 於竹節鋼筋,可合理準確地假設當應力低於規定降伏強度<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>時,應力與應變成正比。計算標稱強度時,可忽略因鋼筋應變硬化所增加的強度,其受拉或受壓之公式如下:</p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;">若 <span lang="EN-US">`epsilon_s` < </span><span lang="EN-US">`epsilon_y` (</span>降伏應變<span lang="EN-US">)</span><br />`A_s``f_s` =`A_s``E_s``epsilon_s`<br /></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;">若<span lang="EN-US"> `epsilon_s` ≥ </span>`epsilon_y`<br />`A_s``f_s`= `A_s``f_y`</p></blockquote><div>
<div>
<p> 式中 <span lang="EN-US">`epsilon_s`</span>為應變圖中鋼筋位置處之應變值。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.2.2 </span>非預力鋼筋或鋼線之彈性模數<span lang="EN-US">`E_s`</span>得採用<span lang="EN-US">2.04 × `10^6` `kgf//cm^2` [200 GPa]</span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.2.2.3 </span>非預力鋼筋及鋼線之降伏強度應依據其規定強度等級,不得超過<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20224"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.2.4<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>相關之規定值。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"> <span lang="EN-US"><a name="S20224"></a>20.2.2.4 </span>依規定應用於特定結構之非預力鋼筋或鋼線形式時除光面螺箍筋應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224B"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.2.4(b</a>)</span>外,其他應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224A"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.2.4(a)</a></span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="text-align: center;"><a name="T20224A"></a>表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center;">20.2.2.4(a) </span><span style="text-align: center;">非預力竹節鋼筋及鋼線</span></p><div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p><strong>用途</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p><strong>應用</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="103"><p><b>`f_y</b>`<strong>或</strong><span style="text-align: left;"><b>`f_yt`</b></span><strong>最大設計值,</strong><span style="text-align: left;"><b>`kgf//cm^2`</b></span><strong> [MPa]</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" width="331">
<p><strong>適用之</strong><strong>CNS</strong><strong>規範</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><strong>竹節鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><strong>麻面</strong><br /> <strong>鋼線</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><strong>銲接鋼線網及</strong><strong>銲接鋼筋網</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p><strong>銲接竹節</strong><strong>鋼筋網</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p>撓曲、軸力、收縮及溫度</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>特殊耐震<br /> 系統</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p>參考<a href="#S20225">第20.2.2.5節</a><sup>[1,2]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>其他</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>相關規定<sup>[3]</sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p>縱向鋼筋之側向支撐或混凝土圍束</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>特殊耐震<br /> 系統</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>7,000 [690]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a><sup>[</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>螺箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>7,000 [690]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>其他</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p>剪力</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>特殊耐震<br /> 系統<sup>[5][6]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a><sup>[</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>螺箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>剪力摩擦</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>肋筋、箍筋、閉合箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
<p>銲接光面鋼線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
<p>銲接麻面竹節鋼線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p>扭力</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>縱向和橫向</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p>錨栓錨定鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>特殊耐震<br /> 系統</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p>參考<a href="#S20225">第20.2.2.5節</a><sup>[2]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>其他</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>相關規定<sup>[5]</sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="81">
<p>以壓拉桿模式設計之區域</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>傳遞拉力之繫桿</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>5,600 [550]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="73">
<p>其他</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="104">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="58">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="103">
<p><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="67">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span lang="EN-US">[1] <a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>中<span lang="EN-US">SD280</span>或<span lang="EN-US">SD420</span>鋼筋符合<a href="#S20225">第20.2.2.5節</a>者應被允許使用。<br /><span lang="EN-US">[2] </span>不屬於特殊耐震系統之板和梁,其鋼筋若貫穿或延伸自特殊結構牆者須符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20225"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.2.5<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>之規定。<br /><span lang="EN-US">[3] </span>銲接竹節鋼筋網得使用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>竹節鋼筋。<br /><span lang="EN-US">[4] </span>當特殊耐震系統中銲接鋼線網或鋼筋網之銲接點需抵抗圍束、縱向鋼筋之側向支撐、剪力或其他作用之應力時,不適用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></span>。<br /><span lang="EN-US">[5] </span>若建築物之一部分為特殊耐震系統,則其橫膈板和基礎於含地震力之載重組合時之剪力鋼筋<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>或<span lang="EN-US">`f_(yt)`</span>最大設計值為<span lang="EN-US">5,600 `kgf//cm^2` [550 MPa]</span>。</p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T20224B"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.2.2.4(b) </span>非預力光面螺箍筋</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p><strong>用途</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p><strong>應用</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="121"><p><b>`f_y</b>`<strong>或</strong><b style="text-align: left;">`f_yt`</b><strong>最大設計值,</strong><br /> <strong>kgf/cm<sup>2</sup> [MPa]</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="193">
<p><strong>適用之</strong><strong>CNS</strong><strong>規範</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><strong>光面鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><strong>光面鋼線</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>縱向鋼筋之側向支撐或混凝土圍束</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>特殊耐震系統之螺箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="121">
<p>7,000 [690]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>螺箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="121">
<p>7,000 [690]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>剪力</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>螺箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="121">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>非預力梁之扭力</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="128">
<p>螺箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="121">
<p>4,200 [420]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="97">
<p><a href="#CNS1468">CNS 1468</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> <a href="#T20224A">表<span lang="EN-US">20.2.2.4(a)</span></a>和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224B">(b)</a></span>分別為非預力竹節鋼筋和非預力光面螺箍鋼線降伏強度的設計值上限。</p>
<p> 在某些應用已允許使用<span lang="EN-US">SD690</span>鋼筋抵抗拉力和壓力。除非能提供特殊圍束鋼筋增加混凝土受壓應變極限值,否則應變一致性計算顯示無圍束混凝土應變達到極限值<span lang="EN-US">0.003</span>之前,受壓鋼筋應力不太可能超過<span lang="EN-US">5,600 `kgf//cm^2` [550 MPa]</span>。對於梁而言,第<span lang="EN-US">24.2</span>節的撓度規定和第<span lang="EN-US">24.3</span>節中撓曲鋼筋分布的限制在<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>增加時更形重要。 </p>
<p> 在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224A"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.2.4(a)</a></span>中,竹節鋼筋在特殊抗彎矩構架和特殊結構牆中作為縱向鋼筋,當其強度高於設計假設值時,將造成在降伏彎矩發生時有較高的剪力和握裹應力。這種情形宜避免,因可能導致剪力或握裹的脆性破壞,縱使此種破壞可能發生在較設計預期高的載重時。因此,<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>要求耐震構材用鋼筋之實際降伏強度應介於規定的上下限之間,並要求實際抗拉強度對實際降伏強度比值<span lang="EN-US">1.25</span>以上。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>中<span lang="EN-US">SD420</span>竹節鋼筋若符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20225B"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.2.5(b)</a></span>之規定,允許用於特殊耐震系統。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> (2018) </span>共有<span lang="EN-US">SD280W</span>、<span lang="EN-US">SD420W</span>、<span lang="EN-US">SD490W</span>和<span lang="EN-US">SD550W</span>四種耐震構材用鋼筋,在前版規範僅允許<span lang="EN-US">SD280W</span>和<span lang="EN-US">SD420W</span>用於特殊耐震系統,如今<span lang="EN-US">SD490W</span>和<span lang="EN-US">SD550W</span>亦被允許使用。 </p>
<p> 在<a href="#T20224A">表<span lang="EN-US">20.2.2.4(a)</span></a>和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224B">(b)</a></span>中,非預力竹節鋼筋和光面螺箍筋用於側向支撐縱向鋼筋或混凝土圍束時,其降伏強度最大設計值為<span lang="EN-US">7,000 `kgf//cm^2` [690 MPa]</span>。許多研究包括<span lang="EN-US">Saatcioglu</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Razvi (2002)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Pessiki</span>等人<span lang="EN-US"> (2001)</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Richart</span>等人<span lang="EN-US"> (1929) </span>認同此項圍束限制。對於特殊抗彎矩構架和特殊結構牆的鋼筋,包括<span lang="EN-US">Budek</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(2002)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Muguruma</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Watanabe (1990)</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Sugano</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1990)</span>之研究指出,較高降伏強度的圍束鋼筋使用上較有效率。 </p>
<p> 對於大多數剪力和扭矩鋼筋而言,<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>和<span lang="EN-US">`f_(yt)`</span>的設計值規定為<span lang="EN-US">4,200 `kgf//cm^2` [420 MPa]</span>,係為了控制在使用載重下時斜裂縫的寬度。基於<span lang="EN-US">Guimares</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1992)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Griezic</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1994)</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Furlong</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1991)</span>的研究,銲接麻面鋼線網的剪力設計允許使用較高的降伏強度<span lang="EN-US">5,600 `kgf//cm^2` [550 MPa]</span>,亦是為了控制斜向裂縫的寬度。<span lang="EN-US">Griezic</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1994)</span>實尺度梁試驗特別地指出,以降伏強度<span lang="EN-US">5,300 `kgf//cm^2` [520 MPa]</span>及較小直徑銲接麻面鋼線鋼筋籠的梁,和以<span lang="EN-US">`f_y` = 4,200 `kgf//cm^2` [420 MPa]</span>箍筋加強的梁相較下,前者在使用載重下其斜向剪裂縫寬度較小。</p>
<p> 對於強度水準之地震載重,使用較高強度鋼筋的構件經試驗具有可接受的行為<span lang="EN-US">(Wallace 1998, Aoyama 2001, Budek et al. 2002, Sokolo and Ghannoum 2016, Cheng et al. 2016, Huq et al. 2018)</span>,因此允許<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>的<span lang="EN-US">SD550W</span>可用於特殊耐震系統。</p>
<p> <span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224A"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.2.4(a)</a></span>備註<span lang="EN-US">4</span>之規定是因為<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></span>和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA1022">ASTM A1022</a></span>只要求連接鋼線之銲接強度達<span lang="EN-US">2,400 `kgf//cm^2` [240 MPa]</span>。對於使用於特殊耐震系統中之閉合箍筋、肋筋和其他構件之鋼筋或鋼線,為能達到適度之韌性能力,宜具有可發揮<span lang="EN-US">1.25`f_y` (</span>或<span lang="EN-US">1.25`f_(yt)`)</span>或抗拉強度兩者較小值之錨定,可經由規範第<span lang="EN-US">1.9</span>節予以認可使用能發揮這些應力限值之銲接產品。</p>
<p> <span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20224A"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.2.2.4(a)</a></span>備註<span lang="EN-US">2</span>要求板和梁鋼筋若貫穿或延伸自特殊結構牆者,須符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20225"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.2.5<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>之規定,係為了提供較大的延性,雖然這些構材不屬於抵抗地震力系統,但仍可能需要承受較大的非彈性轉角。</p>
<p> 以壓拉桿模式設計構材或區域時,限定「其他」用途拉桿<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>上限<span lang="EN-US">5,600 `kgf//cm^2` [550 MPa]</span>是因為缺乏試驗數據證實限制值可以更高。傳遞剪力之拉桿降伏強度仍定在<span lang="EN-US">4,200 `kgf//cm^2` [420 MPa]</span>是為了與「剪力」用途保持一致。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S20225">20.2.2.5 </a></span>在特殊耐震系統中,作為抵抗地震引致之彎矩、軸力或兩者均有之非預力縱向或對角向竹節鋼筋和錨栓錨定鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US">(a)</span>或<span lang="EN-US">(b)</span>之規定:</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(a) <a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> SD280W</span>、<span lang="EN-US">SD420W</span>、<span lang="EN-US">SD490W</span>或<span lang="EN-US">SD550W</span>。其中<span lang="EN-US">SD550W</span>鋼筋節底部、脊底部以及節與節交叉接鋼筋表面處之曲率半徑應不小於<strike>該處</strike>節高之<span lang="EN-US">1.5</span>倍<strike>,此要求適用於鋼筋表面所有突起之節、脊、商標、鋼種符號以及節與節交叉處等</strike>。節底部曲率之合格評估應依據鋼廠軋延新輥輪之量測結果,而非鋼筋樣品之量測結果。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>若為<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> SD280</span>鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US">(i)</span>和<span lang="EN-US">(ii)</span>,若為<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> SD420</span>鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US">(i)</span>至<span lang="EN-US">(iii)</span>。<br /><span lang="EN-US"> (i) </span>認證試驗之實際降伏強度大於<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>之差值未超過<span lang="EN-US">1,250 `kgf//cm^2` [125 MPa]</span>。<br /><span lang="EN-US"> (ii) </span>實際抗拉強度對實際降伏強度之比值至少<span lang="EN-US">1.25</span>。<br /><span lang="EN-US"> (iii) </span>最小伸長率不低於<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> SD420W</span>之規定。 </p></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 抗拉強度和降伏強度之比值需大於<span lang="EN-US">1.25</span>,係基於假設結構構材所發揮之非彈性旋轉能力是沿構材軸線方向降伏區長度之函數。實驗結果說明,降伏區長度和可能彎矩與降伏彎矩之相對量有關<span lang="EN-US">(<a href="#ACI352">ACI 352R</a>)</span>。依據這個說法,可能彎矩對降伏彎矩之比值愈大,則降伏區長度愈長。有些鋼筋構材不符合此種情形時亦可發展非彈性旋轉,但其行為非常不一樣,宜避免直接使用基於具應變硬化鋼筋構材所推導之經驗法則。</p>
<p> 對於<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span>中<span lang="EN-US">SD420</span>竹節鋼筋,最小伸長率的要求與<span lang="EN-US">SD420W</span>竹節鋼筋的值相同。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> (2018)</span>中<span lang="EN-US">SD690</span>竹節鋼筋不允許用於特殊耐震系統中抵抗彎矩和軸力,係因為其竹節形狀有導致低週次疲勞破壞的疑慮<span lang="EN-US"> (Slavin and Ghannoum 2016)</span>。</p><p> 鋼筋表面節底部接鋼筋表面之曲率半徑與其抵抗低週次疲勞強度有關,量測鋼筋樣品有實務上之困難,故節底部曲率半徑評估可依據鋼廠軋延新輥輪之量測結果,例如由工廠以黏土塗滿在軋輥上再取其形狀比對輥輪設計圖之合格證明。</p>
<hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3 </span>預力鋼絞線、鋼線、鋼棒</span></h1><p><a name="S203"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.3.1 </span>材料性質</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2031"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.1.1 </span>預力鋼筋除應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20313"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.3.1.3<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>有關特殊抗彎矩構架及特殊結構牆之需求外,亦應符合<span lang="EN-US"> (a)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">(b)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">(c)</span>或<span lang="EN-US"> (d) </span>之規定:<br /><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>鋼絞線:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>。<br /><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>鋼線:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>。<br /><span lang="EN-US">(c) </span>低鬆弛鋼線:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>及相關規定。<br /><span lang="EN-US">(d) </span>高強度鋼棒:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS9272">CNS 9272</a></span>。 </p></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 由於<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA421">ASTM A421</a></span>之補充規定說明低鬆弛預力鋼筋,僅適用於低鬆弛材料被指定使用時,故此適用的<span lang="EN-US">ASTM</span>參考條文被列為獨立項目。 </p>
<p> 預力混凝土由於混凝土之收縮與潛變及鋼料本身應力之鬆弛作用,造成預力之損失。其損失量大約在<span lang="EN-US">1,000 `kgf//cm^2` [100 MPa] </span>至<span lang="EN-US">2,500 `kgf//cm^2` [250 MPa] </span>之間。因此為有效利用預力必需使用高強度之鋼料,使所施加之預力在損失後尚保留高量之有效預力。而目前使用於預力之高強度鋼料,可分為三種,<span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>應力消除無被覆之鋼線,<span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>應力消除無被覆之鋼絞線,<span lang="EN-US">(3) </span>合金鋼棒等三種。 </p>
<p> 應力消除無被覆鋼線,一般使用於先拉法預力施工,此種鋼線必需符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>,其規定鋼料必需有較高之韌性及塑性,在<span lang="EN-US">75 cm</span>之長度內之最低延伸量為<span lang="EN-US">4%</span>。 </p>
<p> 應力消除無被覆鋼絞線,必需符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>之要求。<span lang="EN-US">7</span>條鋼線組成之鋼絞線使用<span lang="EN-US">6</span>根鋼線圍繞著直徑略大之中心鋼線扭轉組合而成,其扭轉之間距為鋼線直徑之<span lang="EN-US">15 ~ 16</span>倍。經扭轉後之鋼絞線,再進行應力消除之工作,一般依照其強度分為<span lang="EN-US">Grade 250 (`f_(pu)`</span>約為<span lang="EN-US">17,500 `kgf//cm^2` [1.75 GPa]) </span>以及<span lang="EN-US">Grade 270 (`f_(pu)`</span>約為<span lang="EN-US">19,000 `kgf//cm^2` [1.9 GPa]) </span>兩種。另外<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>又包括低鬆弛之預力鋼筋,它可以將由應力鬆弛所造成之應力損失量由<span lang="EN-US">15%</span>減低至<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>。</p>
<p> 高強度之合金鋼棒,它表面是平滑的或有節的,分為多種強度,必需符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS9272">CNS 9272</a></span>之規定。此種鋼棒使用冷拉而成,可提高其規定降伏強度,在冷拉完成後,再進行應力消除之處理工作,改進其延展性及應力與應變關係,建議使用規定抗拉強度大於<span lang="EN-US">10,500 `kgf//cm^2` [1.05 GPa] </span>者。預力鋼材之標準應力應變曲線應送請核可。必要時應檢送能代表該項工程用料整批產品之實際應力應變曲線以查驗其是否與原設計之標準曲線相符。未按上述<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>標準製造之鋼料其保證規定抗拉強度<span lang="EN-US">`f_(pu)`</span>、規定降伏強度<span lang="EN-US">f_py`</span>、伸長率、鬆弛率、成分及其他必要資料應送請核可,必要時並應檢送經驗證之試驗報告。預力鋼材之應力應變曲線將影響預力混凝土構材之力學行為,為確保構材規定抗拉強度計算公式之適用性,各種使用於預力混凝土之鋼材必需符合相關<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>或<span lang="EN-US">ASTM</span>標準之規定。錨定器之容許滑動量、鋼腱與套管材料之皺褶摩擦係數及曲率摩擦係數應經核可。必要時,並應檢送有關摩擦係數及滑動量之試驗資料。</p>
<p> 預力之損失量影響載重作用下材料內部之應力。預力鋼筋在錨定作業時所產生之滑動量亦會影響預力之損失量。因此,在施工上為正確預估預力損失量,錨定之滑動量必需符合預估量。另外在計算後拉法預力損失量時,必需包括預力鋼筋與套管間之摩擦損失,因此預力鋼筋與套管之摩擦係數<span lang="EN-US"> (K</span>值<span lang="EN-US">) </span>及因鋼腱之曲率所造成之接觸摩擦係數<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>`mu`值<span lang="EN-US">) </span>均需經實驗,才能確實計算預力損失量。因此對<span lang="EN-US"> K</span>、`mu`、顯示彈性模數<span lang="EN-US"> (apparent Young</span>’<span lang="EN-US">s modulus)</span>值需經由試驗得到實際值,錨定時之容許滑動量一般係由製造廠商提供。預力鋼筋應潔淨不得過度銹蝕、生鱗屑或凹點。但表面可容許輕度氧化。預力鋼筋之表面狀況影響其與混凝土間之握裹力及預力鋼筋之有效淨面積。預力鋼筋之腐蝕率與一般鋼筋大約相同,雖然預力鋼筋表面輕度之硬化氧化物可增大預力鋼筋表面之握裹力,對先拉法及握裹之後拉法之施工均略有利,但若由於腐蝕所造成預力鋼筋斷面積變小,則對強度有較大之影響。故在預力鋼筋出廠至使用前這段時間應參照<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA700">ASTM A700</a></span>進行防止腐蝕處理。無握裹鋼腱應以認可之塗料如環氧樹脂、油脂、臘、塑膠、或瀝青材料予以防鏽。塗料之使用應符合下列要求:<br /></p></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>在結構物可能之溫度變化範圍內塗料應保持韌性,不生裂紋且不致液化。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>塗料不得與預力鋼筋、混凝土及套管材料發生化學反應。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(c) </span>塗料應附著於全部握裹長度。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(d) </span>位於含鹽份或高濕度大氣中結構物之預力鋼筋及曝露於混凝土外之後拉法預力構材之預力鋼筋應於工地加敷經許可之塗料。</p></div></blockquote><div><p> 無握裹鋼腱因未與混凝土連成一體,因此混凝土無法對預力鋼筋之表面提供保護作用。目前一般施工將環氧樹脂、油脂、腊、塑膠或瀝青等塗料塗刷於預力鋼筋表面以防銹蝕。為確保不因保護層破裂而使預力鋼筋表面與腐蝕物質接觸,故有上列塗料韌性之要求,且該塗料不得與預力鋼筋、混凝土及套管發生化學反應。含氯離子<span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span lang="EN-US">`Cl^-` ) </span>之化學摻料常造成預力鋼筋及錨座之腐蝕,故不宜使用於套管灌漿與錨座保護層之材料中。預力鋼筋不得感受過高之溫度,銲接火花或接地電流。未經許可不得在預力鋼筋附近進行燃燒及銲接作業。除製造商另有限制外,預力鋼筋超出錨定器外之長度可用快速乙炔焰切除。所列之溫度限制係為避免因銲接火花或接地電流所引起之高溫改變預力鋼筋彈性比例限及韌性等力學行為,故在以快速乙炔焰切斷作業時,必需注意高溫所影響之範圍。另外預力鋼筋長期暴露於溫度超過<span lang="EN-US">38 ˚C</span>之環境中將增大其應力鬆弛,而增加其預力損失量,亦應加以考量。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.1.2 </span>未列入<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>或<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS9272">CNS 9272</a></span>之預力鋼絞線、鋼線與鋼棒,若能符合本規範之最低要求,且經試驗或分析證明不減低構材之性能,則允許使用。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p>未符合上述<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>之鋼料,應檢附應力應變試驗結果送請核可,證明它不降低<strike>影響</strike>結構之性能<strike>強度計算</strike>。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.1.3 </span>在特殊抗彎矩構架、特殊結構牆及特殊結構牆之全部元件<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>包括採用預鑄混凝土鑄造之連接梁和牆墩<span lang="EN-US">) </span>內,作為抵抗地震引致之彎矩、軸力或兩者均有之預力鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>或<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS9272">CNS 9272</a></span>。</p></div></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><div>
<p><a name="S20313"></a></p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2 </span>設計性質</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2032"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.1 </span>預力鋼筋之彈性模數<span lang="EN-US">`E_p`</span>應由試驗決定或製造廠商提供。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p>設計常用之<span lang="EN-US">`E_p`</span>值一般介於<span lang="EN-US">2.0</span>×<span lang="EN-US">106 ~ 2.04</span>×<span lang="EN-US">106 `kgf//cm^2` [197 ~ 200 GPa]</span>之間。可能需要根據試驗或製造商之出廠報告取得更準確值,以作為施預力時核對伸長量。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.2 </span>抗拉強度<span lang="EN-US"> `f_(pu)` </span>應根據預力鋼筋之規定種類,不得超過<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20322"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.3.2.2</a></span>規定之數值。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T20322"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.2 </span>預力鋼絞線、鋼線和鋼棒</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p><strong>類型</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%"><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`f_(pu)`</span><strong>允許設計上限值,</strong><strong>kgf/cm<sup>2</sup> [MPa]</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="44%">
<p><strong>適用之</strong><strong>CNS</strong><strong>規範</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>鋼絞線<br /> (應力消除與低鬆弛)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>19,000 [1860]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="44%">
<p><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>鋼線<br /> (應力消除與低鬆弛)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>17,600 [1725]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="44%">
<p><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>高強度鋼棒</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>10,500 [1035]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="44%">
<p><a href="#CNS9272">CNS 9272</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>鋼絞線的抗拉強度分為<span lang="EN-US">17,600 `kgf//cm^2` [1725 MPa] </span>及<span lang="EN-US">19,000 `kgf//cm^2` [1860 MPa]</span>等級。 </p>
<div>
<p><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>依據鋼線的線徑與類型,抗拉強度分為<span lang="EN-US">16,500 `kgf//cm^2` [1620 MPa]</span>、<span lang="EN-US">16,800 `kgf//cm^2` [1655 MPa] </span>及<span lang="EN-US">17,600 `kgf//cm^2` [1725 MPa]</span>。對於最常見的線徑<span lang="EN-US">6.0 mm</span>,<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>抗拉強度規定為<span lang="EN-US">16,800 `kgf//cm^2` [1655 MPa]</span>。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.3 </span>標稱撓曲強度<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)`</span>下握裹預力鋼筋之應力</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.3.1 </span>若全數預力鋼筋在拉力區且<span lang="EN-US">`f_(se)`</span><span lang="EN-US">`>=`0.5`f_(pu)`</span>,構材內握裹預力鋼筋之應力可依照<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>計算<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)`</span>,以替代依應變相容性計算所得較精確之<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)`</span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p>`f_(ps)=f_(pu){1-gamma_p/beta_1[rho_pf_(pu)/f_c^'\ +\ d/d_pf_y/f_c^'\ (rho-rho^')]}`</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><a name="E203231">(20.3.2.3.1)</a></span></p>
<p>式中`gamma_p`由<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T203231"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.3.2.3.1</a></span>查得。<br />以<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US"> (20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>計算<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)` </span>時,若計入壓力鋼筋,應同時滿足<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#203231A">(a)</a></span>及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S203231B">(b)</a></span>。</p>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 對於鋼筋量比較高時,<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>可能會低估梁的強度,此時宜使用應變一致與平衡法才能較精確估算強度。若有部分預力鋼筋位於壓力區內,則宜使用應變一致與平衡法計算。 </p>
<div>
<p> <a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T203231"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.3.2.3.1</a></span>中之`gamma_p`反應不同類型預力鋼筋對<span lang="EN-US"> `f_(ps)` </span>值的影響。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#TR203231"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>R20.3.2.3.1</a></span>顯示預力鋼筋類型和<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">`f_(py)`/`f_(pu)` </span>比例的關係。</p>
</div>
<p> </p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>若`d^'`超過<span lang="EN-US">0.15`d_p`</span>,<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>中壓力鋼筋應被忽略。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p><span lang="EN-US"> <a name="S203231A">(a) </a></span>當`d^'`大時,壓力鋼筋之應變會遠小於其降伏應變,在此情況下,壓力鋼筋無法以<a href="#E203231">式</a><span lang="EN-US"><a href="#E203231">(20.3.2.3.1)</a> </span>反應<span lang="EN-US"> `f_(ps)`</span>,因此,若`d^'`超過<span lang="EN-US">0.15`d_p`</span>,<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>只能在受壓鋼筋被忽略時使用。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S203231B">(b) </a></span>若考量壓力鋼筋時,<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>中之`[rho_pf_(pu)/f_c^'\ +\ d/d_pf_y/f_c^'\ (rho-rho^')]`</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div><p> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T203231"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.3.1 </span>應用於<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>之<span lang="EN-US">`gamma_p` </span>值</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 85%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="49%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`f_(py)`</span><strong>/</strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`f_(pu)`</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="50%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`gamma_p`</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="49%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span>0.80</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="50%">
<p>0.55</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="49%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span>0.85</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="50%">
<p>0.40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="49%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span>³ 0.90</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="50%">
<p>0.28</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="gtx-trans" style="left: 8px; position: absolute; top: -19px;"> </div>
<p><br /></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>對於高鋼筋量指數之梁,如含有壓力鋼筋時,<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>中之 `rho^'`項反映<span lang="EN-US"> `f_(ps)` </span>值增大。若該式中`[rho_p(f_(pu)/f_c^')+(d/d_p)(f_y/f_c^')(rho-rho^')]`項變小時,中性軸深度亦將較小,使得壓力鋼筋不會降伏,此時<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>將變得不保守。基於此理由,當計算<span lang="EN-US"> `f_(ps)` </span>時,若考慮壓力鋼筋,則<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>中之`[rho_p(f_(pu)/f_c^')+(d/d_p)(f_y/f_c^')(rho-rho^')]`項不可取小於<span lang="EN-US">0.17</span>之值。若使用<a href="#E203231">式<span lang="EN-US">(20.3.2.3.1)</span></a>時取 `rho^'`為零,則可保守地忽略壓力鋼筋,在此情況下<span lang="EN-US">`[rho_p(f_(pu)/f_c^')+(d/d_p)(f_y/f_c^')(rho)]` </span>項可能小於<span lang="EN-US">0.17</span>,且得到可接受之<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)`</span>值。</p>
<p> </p>
<div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="TR203231"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">R20.3.2.3.1 </span><span lang="EN-US">`f_(py)`/`f_(pu)`</span>比值與預力鋼筋類型之關係</p>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 89%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" width="76%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>預力鋼筋類型</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="23%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: left;">`f_(py)`</span><strong>/</strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: left;">`f_(pu)`</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>高強度預力鋼棒</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>CNS 9272 Type I<br /> (光面)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span> 0.85</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>CNS 9272 Type II<br /> (竹節)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span> 0.80</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>應力消除鋼絞線及鋼線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>CNS 3332</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span> 0.85</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>低鬆弛鋼絞線及鋼線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>CNS 3332</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`>=`</span> 0.90</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.3.2 </span>對於先拉預力鋼絞線,位於鋼絞線自由端<span lang="EN-US">ℓd</span>範圍內構材斷面鋼絞線設計應力,不得超過第<span lang="EN-US">25.4.8.3 </span>節之計算值。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.4 </span>標稱撓曲強度下無握裹預力鋼筋之應力<span lang="EN-US"> `f_(ps)`</span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.4.1 </span>構材以無握裹鋼腱施加預力,若<span lang="EN-US">`f_(se)`</span>≧<span lang="EN-US">0.5`f_(pu)`</span>,可依照<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T203241"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.3.2.4.1</a></span>計算之<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)`</span>近似值,以替代精確計算之<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)`</span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"> </p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;">表<span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.4.1 </span>標稱撓曲強度下之無握裹鋼腱之<span lang="EN-US">`f_(ps)` </span>近似值</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 89%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="17%"><p style="text-align: center;">`l_(n)`<span style="text-align: left;"><i><b>/h</b></i></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="82%">
<p><span style="text-align: left;"> `f_(ps)`</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">`<=`</span> 35</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>取最小值:</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="57%"><p> `f_(se)+700+f_c^'/(100rho_p)` (`kgf//cm^2`)</p>
<p>[`f_(se)+70+f_c^'/(100rho_p)` (MPa)]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="57%"><p>`f_(se)`+4200 (`kgf//cm^2`)</p>
<p>[`f_(se)`+ 420 (MPa)]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="57%">
<p><i>`f_(py)`</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p>> 35</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>取最小值:</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="57%"><p>`f_(se)+700+f_c^'/(300rho_p)` (`kgf//cm^2`)</p>
<p>[`f_(se)+70+f_c^'/(300rho_p)` (MPa)]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="57%"><p>`f_(se)`+2100 (`kgf//cm^2`)</p>
<p>[`f_(se)`+210 (MPa)]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="57%">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>`f_(py)`</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div><p> `[f_(se)+700+f_c^'/(300rho_p)]`係反應無握裹預力鋼筋構材在跨距與深度比大於<span lang="EN-US">35</span>時<span lang="EN-US">(</span>單向板、平板、片板<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的試驗結果<span lang="EN-US"> (Mojtahedi</span>及<span lang="EN-US">Gamble 1978)</span>。這些試驗同時指出式`[f_(se)+700+f_c^'/(100rho_p)]`係對所有跨距與深度比均適用,但會高估跨距與深度比大於<span lang="EN-US">35</span>時的應力值。雖然相同試驗顯示,用式`[f_(se)+700+f_c^'/(100rho_p)]`設計淺構材彎矩強度符合因數化載重強度之要求,此反映規範對於最小握裹鋼筋量及混凝土拉應力限值規定之效應,經常控制預力施加量。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.5 </span>預力鋼筋之容許拉應力</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><p><a name="S20325"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.5.1 </span>預力鋼筋之容許拉應力不得超過<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T203251"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.3.2.5.1</a></span>之限制。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"> 表<span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.5.1 </span>預力鋼筋之最大容許拉應力</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 90%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p><strong>階段</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p><strong>位置</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="55%">
<p><strong>最大拉應力</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>施力時</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>千斤頂施力端</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="14%">
<p>取最小值:</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>0.94<em>f<sub>py</sub></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>0.80<em>f<sub>pu</sub></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="40%">
<p>端錨製造商建議之最大千斤頂施力值</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>預力傳遞後瞬間</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>在後拉預力錨定裝置及續接器</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="55%">
<p>0.70<em>f<sub>pu</sub></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 由於高降伏強度之低鬆弛鋼絞線和鋼線符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS3332">CNS 3332</a></span>及附錄,故適宜以規定最小<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>降伏強度及規定最小<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>抗拉強度指定容許應力。由於自<span lang="EN-US">1983</span>年版<span lang="EN-US">ASTM</span>規範起,均允許較高之容許初始預力鋼筋應力,將使最終應力可以變大。若結構物承受到腐蝕條件或重覆載重時,宜注意限制其最終應力。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.6 </span>預力損失</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.6.1 </span>計算預力鋼筋有效拉應力<span lang="EN-US">`f_(se)` </span>時,應考慮下列<span lang="EN-US">(a)</span>至<span lang="EN-US">(f)</span>之預力損失狀況:</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>預力鋼筋於錨定處預力轉換時之損失。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>混凝土彈性縮短。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(c) </span>混凝土潛變。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(d) </span>混凝土收縮。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(e) </span>預力鋼筋應力鬆弛。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(f) </span>後拉預力鋼腱有意或無意彎曲導致之摩擦損失。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 對於如何計算預力損失的說明,請參見<span lang="EN-US">Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423(1958)</span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI435">ACI 435R</a>(1995)</span>、<span lang="EN-US">PCI Committee on Prestress Losses(1975)</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Zia</span>等人<span lang="EN-US"> (1979)</span>。預力損失的合理精確計算可依<span lang="EN-US">Zia</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1979) </span>的建議,其考慮起始應力值<span lang="EN-US">(0.7`f_(pu)`</span>或更高<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、鋼材種類<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>應力消除型或低鬆弛型鋼線、鋼絞線或鋼棒<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,外露狀況,施工方式<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>先拉法、握裹後拉法或無握裹後拉法<span lang="EN-US">) </span>等。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI42310">ACI 423.10R</a></span>提供完整的說明如何計算預力損失。 </p>
<p> 實際的預力損失不論大於或小於計算值,對於構材的設計強度影響不大,但會影響使用載重下之行為<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>撓度、拱度、開裂載重<span lang="EN-US">) </span>與接頭。在使用載重下,超估預力損失之損害與低估相似,前者將會導致過大的拱度與水平位移。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.6.2 </span>後拉預力鋼腱之摩擦損失應依據試驗所決定之皺褶與曲率摩擦係數值計算。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 後拉預力鋼腱摩擦損失之計算可參考 <span lang="EN-US"><a href="#PTITAB106">the Post-Tensioning Manual (TAB.1)</a></span>或交通部「公路橋梁設計規範」。特定類型的預力鋼筋及金屬套管,其皺褶與曲率摩擦係數值,可由製造廠商取得。過於低估摩擦損失,會使構材產生不合適的拱度、潛在的撓度及預力不足;高估摩擦損失會導致施加額外的預力,而使構材有過大之拱度及縮短。若實測所得之摩擦係數比設計時採用之假設值為小,則宜調整施加之預力量,使控制斷面之預力值達到結構設計值即可。</p>
<p> 若涉及安全性與使用性要求時,有照設計專業人員宜提供或核定施工者所擬採用之千斤頂施力值範圍與其它限制,以使能符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20325"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.3.2.5<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>及第<span lang="EN-US">24.5</span>節容許應力之規定。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.3.2.6.3 </span>設計時應考量構材與相鄰構造物連接可能發生之預力損失。</p></div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">20.4 </span>合成柱用結構鋼、鋼管及鋼筒</span></h1><p><a name="S204"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.4.1 </span>材料性質</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2041"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.4.1.1 </span>鋼管或鋼筒以外使用於合成柱之結構鋼,須符合以下<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>或相關規定:</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>一般結構用軋鋼料:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS2473">CNS 2473</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>銲接結構用軋鋼料:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS2947">CNS 2947</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(c) </span>銲接結構用耐候性熱軋鋼料:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS4269">CNS 4269</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(d) </span>高耐候性軋鋼料:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS4620">CNS 4620</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(e) </span>建築結構用軋鋼料:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS13812">CNS 13812</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.4.1.2 </span>用於合成柱中,內灌注混凝土之鋼管或鋼筒,須符合以下<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>標準或相關規定:</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>一般結構用碳鋼鋼管:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS4435">CNS 4435</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span>一般結構用矩形碳鋼鋼管:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#CNS7141">CNS 7141</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p> </p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.4.2 </span>設計性質</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2042"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.4.2.1 </span>合成柱之結構鋼材,其<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>之上限值應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S2041"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.4.1<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>相關之<span lang="EN-US">CNS</span>標準或其他規定。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.4.2.2 </span>結構鋼使用於合成柱作為結構核心型鋼<span lang="EN-US"> (structural steel core)</span>,其<span lang="EN-US">`f_y`</span>之上限為<span lang="EN-US">3,500 `kgf//cm^2` [350 MPa]</span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> <a href="#S20411">第<span lang="EN-US">20.4.1.1</span>節</a>之鋼材,可參考<span lang="EN-US">ASTM</span>之相關規定如下:</p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span>碳鋼:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA36">ASTM A36</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>高強度低合金鋼:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA242">ASTM A242</a></span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span>高強度低合金鈷釩鋼:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA572">ASTM A572</a></span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span>高強度、低合金、<span lang="EN-US">345 MPa (50ksi) </span>鋼:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA588">ASTM A588</a></span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(5) </span>結構型鋼:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA992">ASTM A992</a></span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><div>
<p> <a href="#24412">第<span lang="EN-US">20.4.1.2</span>節</a>之鋼材,可參考<span lang="EN-US">ASTM</span>之相關規定如下:</p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span>黑皮鋼、熱浸、鋅被覆:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA53">ASTM A53</a> B</span>等級</p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>冷軋成形、銲接、無縫:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA500">ASTM A500</a></span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span>熱軋成形、銲接、無縫:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA501">ASTM A501</a></span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span>冷軋成形、銲接、無縫:<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA1085">ASTM A1085</a></span></p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p> 核心型鋼的設計降伏強度宜受限制,使其不致造成混凝土剝落。已假設承受軸向壓力的混凝土應變量小於<span lang="EN-US">0.0018</span>時將不致產生剝落,此時核心型鋼降伏強度為<span lang="EN-US">0.0018 </span>×<span lang="EN-US"> 2</span>×<span lang="EN-US">`10^6` `kgf//cm^2` [0.0018 </span>×<span lang="EN-US"> 200 GPa] </span>或約<span lang="EN-US">3600 `kgf//cm^2` [360 MPa]</span>,代表有用的最大鋼應力之上限值。</p>
<hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S205"></a>20.5 </span>鋼筋之耐久性規定</span></h1>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1 </span>混凝土保護層之規定 </b></p></div></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 本節說明鋼筋外部之混凝土保護層要求,但不包括埋置物,如管路、電管及配件等的混凝土保護層,其要求示於<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S2065"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.6.5<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.1 </span>除建築技術規則對防火時效要求混凝土保護層厚度外,混凝土保護層最小厚度應依<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20512"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.5.1.2<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>至<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20514"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.5.1.4<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>規定辦理。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 關於保護鋼筋抵禦氣候與其他因子侵蝕之混凝土保護層厚度,其量測方法為從混凝土表面至鋼筋最外層之距離。混凝土保護層厚度依結構構材之類型而有不同規定,當橫向鋼筋圍繞著主筋時,則量測混凝土保護層厚度至箍筋、繫筋或螺箍筋之較外側邊緣。若無箍筋或繫筋,且不止一層鋼筋時,則量測至最外層之鋼筋。對於後拉預力鋼腱而言,則量測至金屬端部配件或管路套管。對於擴頭鋼筋而言,則量測至頭部之最外側。</p>
<p> 「暴露於大氣或與大地地表接觸」之情形,係指直接暴露於溼氣改變之環境中,不只有溫度改變。梁、板或薄殼底面通常被認為不會直接暴露,除非因冷凝作用、從暴露面直接洩露或相似作用所造成之乾溼交替。 </p>
<p> 當等值於本規範要求之額外混凝土保護層厚度時,則保護鋼筋避免氣候影響之替代方法亦可被同意使用。當被主管單位按第<span lang="EN-US">1.9</span>節規定核准時,暴露於大氣之替代混凝土保護層厚度不小於未暴露於大氣下之厚度。</p>
<p> 第二十五章中伸展長度要求為鋼筋保護層厚度之函數。為符合伸展長度之需求,混凝土保護層厚度宜大於<a href="#S2051">第<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1</span>節</a>中最小值之規定。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.2 </span>非結構混凝土樓板修飾層,得視為鋼筋保護層之一部分。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 混凝土樓板的修飾層可為非結構目的,如同鋼筋保護層和防火披覆。然而本條款之先決條件為混凝土樓板修飾層需確認不會發生剝落而導致減少保護層厚度。再者,為考慮鋼筋伸展,要求之最小混凝土整體保護層厚度宜依照<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20513"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.5.1.3<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>辦理。</p><p><br /></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: center;">20.5.1.3 </span><span style="text-align: center;">規定混凝土保護層要求</span></p></div></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><p><a name="S20513"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.1 </span>場鑄無預力混凝土構材之鋼筋,其規定混凝土保護層厚度至少應如<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T205131"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.5.1.3.1</a></span>所列。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T205131"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.1 </span>場鑄無預力混凝土構材之規定混凝土保護層厚度</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 91%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="29%">
<p><strong>混凝土暴露環境</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p><strong>構材</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p><strong>鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p><strong>規定保護層厚度,</strong><strong>mm</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="29%">
<p>貼地澆置且永久接觸大地<br /> 之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>75</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="29%">
<p>暴露於大氣環境或接觸大地<br /> 之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>D19至D57鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>D16鋼筋、鋼線標稱直徑<br /> 16 mm及以下者</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="29%">
<p>不暴露於大氣環境且不接觸大地之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>樓板、小梁和牆</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>D43及D57鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>D36鋼筋及以下號數者</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>20</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>梁、柱、柱墩和拉力桿</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>主筋、肋筋、箍筋、螺箍筋及閉合箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="29%">
<p>與海水或腐蝕性環境接觸者</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>100</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S205132"></a>20.5.1.3.2 </span>場鑄預力混凝土構材之鋼筋、套管及端部配件之規定保護層厚度至少應如<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T205132"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.5.1.3.2</a></span>所列。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T205132"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.2 </span>場鑄預力混凝土構材之規定混凝土保護層厚度</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 92%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p><strong>混凝土暴露環境</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p><strong>構材</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p><strong>鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p><strong>規定保護層厚度,</strong><strong>mm</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>貼地澆置且永久接觸大地<br /> 之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>75</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>暴露於大氣環境或接觸大地之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>樓板、小梁和牆</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>25</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>其他所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>不暴露於大氣環境且不接觸大地之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>樓板、小梁和牆</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>20</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>梁、柱和拉力桿</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>主筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>肋筋、箍筋、螺箍筋及<br /> 閉合箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="25%">
<p>25</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S205133"></a>20.5.1.3.3 </span>於預鑄廠生產之預鑄非預力或預鑄預力混凝土構材,其鋼筋、套管及端部配件之規定混凝土保護層厚度至少應如<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T205133"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.5.1.3.3</a></span>所列。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T205133"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.3 </span>於廠內生產之預鑄無預力或預力混凝土構材之規定混凝土保護層厚度</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 90%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="16%">
<p><strong>混凝土暴露環境</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="14%">
<p><strong>構材</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p><strong>鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p><strong>規定保護層厚度,</strong><strong>mm </strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" width="16%">
<p>暴露於大氣環境或接觸大地之<br /> 混凝土</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="14%">
<p>牆</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D43和D57號;直徑大於40 mm之鋼腱</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D36鋼筋及較小者;鋼線標稱直徑16 mm或較小者;<br /> 直徑40 mm及更小之鋼腱和預力鋼絞線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>20</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="14%">
<p>其他所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D43和D57鋼筋;直徑大於40 mm之鋼腱</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D19至D36鋼筋;直徑大於16 mm至40 mm間之鋼腱與預力鋼絞線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D16鋼筋、鋼線標稱直徑16 mm和較小者;</p>
<p>直徑16 mm及較小之鋼腱和預力鋼絞線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>30</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" width="16%">
<p>不暴露於大氣環境且不接觸大地之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="14%">
<p>樓板、小梁和牆</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D43和D57鋼筋;</p>
<p>直徑大於40 mm之鋼腱</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>直徑40 mm及較小之鋼腱和預力鋼絞線</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>20</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>D36鋼筋、鋼線標稱直徑16 mm及較小者</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>16</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="14%">
<p>梁、柱、柱墩和拉力桿</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>主筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>選擇<em>d<sub>b</sub></em>與16之較大者,但不必超過40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="45%">
<p>肋筋、箍筋、螺箍筋及閉合箍筋</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="22%">
<p>10</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.4 </span>深基礎構材之規定混凝土保護層厚度至少應如<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T205134"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.5.1.3.4</a></span>所列。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T205134"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.4 </span>深基礎構材之規定混凝土保護層厚度</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 88%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p><strong>混凝土暴露環境</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p><strong>深基礎構材型式</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p><strong>鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p><strong>規定保護層厚度,</strong><strong>mm</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52px;">
<td style="height: 52px; text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>貼地澆置且永久接觸大地<br /> 之混凝土,未受鋼管樁、預埋管模或穩定岩盤包覆者</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 52px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>場鑄</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 52px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 52px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p>75</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>受鋼管樁、預埋管模或穩定岩盤包覆者</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>場鑄</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 74px; text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>永久接觸大地之混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>預鑄 (非預力)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>預鑄 (預力)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 74px; text-align: center;" width="36%">
<p>與海水接觸者</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>預鑄 (非預力)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p>65</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>預鑄 (預力)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="20%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="18%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 預鑄混凝土由於在配比、澆置與養護上可有較佳之控制,因此保護層厚度之要求可較少,但並非意味著預鑄混凝土構材一定要在預鑄廠內生產。當模具的尺寸、鋼筋的定位、混凝土的品質管制和養護的流程皆可被控制如同預鑄廠內之等級時,亦可視同適用本節。</p>
<div>
<p> 本節中對於預拉力鋼絞線混凝土保護層厚度之要求,僅針對抵禦氣候或其他影響因子所設定,此項保護層厚度可能尚不足以傳遞或發展鋼絞線之應力,因此可能需要增加保護層厚度。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.5 </span>束筋之規定混凝土保護層厚度應至少為<span lang="EN-US">(a)</span>與<span lang="EN-US">(b)</span>之較小者:</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(a) </span>束筋之等效直徑。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(b) 50 mm</span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p> 貼地澆置及永久接觸大地之混凝土,其規定混凝土保護層厚度須為<span lang="EN-US">75 mm</span>。 </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 等效直徑係指與成束鋼筋斷面積相等之單根鋼筋直徑。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.4 </span>腐蝕環境下規定混凝土保護層厚度</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 腐蝕環境之定義見<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.1%20%EF%A8%86%EF%A4%B8%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%88%86%EF%A7%90%E8%88%87%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A" target="_blank">第<span lang="EN-US">19.3.1</span>節</a>及<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">第<span lang="EN-US">19.3.2</span>節</a>。停車場結構腐蝕之額外資訊,則需參考<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI3621">ACI 362.1R</a></span>。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.4.1 </span>在腐蝕環境或暴露於其他極端條件下,規定混凝土保護層厚度則應適度提高。對混凝土部分,應滿足<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">19.3 </a></span>中暴露類別之規定,或採行其他有效之保護措施。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;">表<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.4.1 </span>在腐蝕環境或暴露於其他極端條件之規定混凝土保護層厚度</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 88%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p><strong>型式</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p><strong>構材</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p><strong>鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p><strong>規定保護層厚度,mm</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 74px; text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>場鑄</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>牆及樓板</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>其他所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>65</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 74px; text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>預鑄</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>牆及樓板</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>40</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37px;">
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="21%">
<p>其他所有構材</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="23%">
<p>所有鋼筋</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 37px; text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 當混凝土結構在使用過程中可能暴露於外在氯鹽環境時,諸如去冰鹽、鹽水、海水、或含這些氯鹽的霧氣環境,則混凝土宜經配比設計以滿足<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html" target="_blank">第十九章</a>中適用暴露等級之要求,包括最大<span lang="EN-US">w/cm</span>、普通混凝土及輕質混凝土之最低強度及混凝土中最高的氯離子含量。</p>
<div> </div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S205142"></a>20.5.1.4.2 </span>就第<span lang="EN-US">24.5.2 </span>節中所分類之<span lang="EN-US">T</span>類或<span lang="EN-US">C</span>類預力混凝土構材,及暴露於腐蝕環境或<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">第<span lang="EN-US">19.3</span>節</a>中所提之其他極端類型,其預力鋼筋之規定混凝土保護層厚度應至少為<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S205132"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.5.1.3.2<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>場鑄構材與<a href="#S205133">第<span lang="EN-US">20.5.1.3.3 </span>節</a>預鑄構件保護層厚度之<span lang="EN-US">1.5</span>倍。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div><p><a name="S205142"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><a name="S205143">20.5.1.4.3 </a></span>如果預壓拉力區在持續載重下不受拉力,則<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S205142"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.5.1.4.2 <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>不需考慮。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<div> </div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.5.2 </span>非預力之塗布鋼筋</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2052"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.2.1 </span>非預力之塗布鋼筋應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#T20521"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.5.2.1</a></span>之規定。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="T20521"></a>表<span lang="EN-US">20.5.2.1 </span>非預力之塗布鋼筋</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 92%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p><strong>塗布類型</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="64%">
<p><strong>適用之規範</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p><strong>鋼筋</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p><strong>鋼線</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p><strong>銲接鋼線</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>鍍鋅</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>CNS 14771</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>相關規定</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>環氧樹脂塗布</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>相關規定</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>相關規定</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>相關規定</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="35%">
<p>鍍鋅與環氧樹脂雙層塗布</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="24%">
<p>相關規定</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="19%">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="#T20521"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>20.5.2.1</a></span>中,使用鍍鋅之銲接鋼線適用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA1060">ASTM A1060</a></span>,使用環氧樹脂塗布之鋼筋適用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA755">ASTM A755</a></span>和<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA934">ASTM A934</a></span>,鋼線與銲接鋼線適用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA884">ASTM A884</a></span>,使用鍍鋅與環氧樹脂雙層塗布之鋼筋適用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA1055">ASTM A1055</a></span>。</p>
<div>
<p> 熱浸鍍鋅鋼筋<span lang="EN-US"> (<a href="#CNS14771">CNS 14771</a>)</span>、環氧樹脂塗布鋼筋<span lang="EN-US"> (<a href="#ASTMA755">ASTM A775</a></span>及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ASTMA934">A934</a>) </span>和鍍鋅與環氧樹脂雙層塗布鋼筋<span lang="EN-US">(<a href="#ASTMA1055">ASTM A1055</a>) </span>常被應用於須特別考量鋼筋腐蝕防治之工程中,如停車場結構、橋梁結構和其他具高腐蝕環境下之工程。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.2.2 </span>使用鍍鋅、環氧樹脂塗布或鋅與環氧樹脂雙層塗布之竹節鋼筋,應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20213"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.1.3<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>之要求。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.2.3 </span>使用環氧樹脂塗布之鋼線及銲接鋼線網應符合<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#S20217"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.2.1.7<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span>之要求。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.5.3 </span>無握裹預力鋼筋之防蝕保護</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2053"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.3.1 </span>無握裹預力鋼筋應被包覆於襯裹中,且襯裹與預力鋼筋間之空隙需以經調配之材料完全填充,以抑制腐蝕之發生。襯裹應具水密性並且連續包覆於無握裹之鋼筋部位。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 應用於無握裹預力鋼筋之防蝕材料,其性質宜符合第<span lang="EN-US">19.1</span>節中<span lang="EN-US">Breen</span>等人<span lang="EN-US">(1994)</span>之定義。</p>
<div>
<p> 基本上,襯裹是一種連續、無縫、高密度的聚乙烯材料,並且直接擠出成型於塗布之預力鋼筋上。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.3.2 </span>襯裹須以水密方式連接所有施力端、中間續接處與固定端之錨定裝置。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.3.3 </span>無握裹之單根預力鋼腱應進行防蝕保護。</p></div></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.5.4 </span>注漿型鋼腱之防蝕保護</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2054"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.4.1 </span>注漿型鋼腱之套管應被注漿填滿,並與混凝土、預力鋼筋、注漿及腐蝕抑制劑接觸後無反應發生。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.4.2 </span>應保持套管處於無積水之狀態。 </p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 套管中水分可能造成預力鋼筋腐蝕、可能導致灌漿泌水及析離、及在冷凍條件下可能造成周圍混凝土破壞。若預力鋼筋灌漿前在套管中長時間暴露,則宜用腐蝕抑制劑提供臨時性腐蝕防護<span lang="EN-US"> (<a href="#ACI4237">ACI 423.7</a>)</span>。</p>
<p> 握裹預力鋼筋之套管提供於施加預力後灌漿之用。一般而言,混凝土之<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>值大於<span lang="EN-US">8</span>,因此預力鋼筋不會產生腐蝕之化學反應。若套管內灌漿之材料含有氯離子<span lang="EN-US"> (`Cl^-`) </span>成分,則可能破壞預力鋼筋表面之腐蝕鈍化層而損壞預力鋼筋。套管應具相當剛度係指應具足夠之支承,並適當綁紮固定使其免因混凝土澆置而移位,仍能保持所須之平滑曲線。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.4.3 </span>單根鋼線、單股絞線或單支鋼棒鋼腱之注漿套管,其內部直徑應至少比預力鋼筋直徑大<span lang="EN-US">6 mm</span>。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.4.4 </span>多根鋼線、多股鋼絞線或多支鋼棒鋼腱之注漿套管,其內部斷面積應至少為預力鋼筋斷面積之<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<div> </div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.5.5 </span>後拉預力錨定器、續接器與端部配件之腐蝕防護</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2055"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.5.1 </span>錨定器、續接器與端部配件應進行長期保護以防止腐蝕發生。</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 有關保護的建議可參考<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI4233">ACI 423.3R</a></span>及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="#ACI4237">ACI 423.7</a></span>。</p>
<p> 套管內徑應比內穿之鋼絞線、鋼線或鋼棒之組成外徑大<span lang="EN-US">6 mm </span>以上,其內部斷面積至少為預力鋼筋總斷面積之<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍,乃在確保施加預力及灌漿作業之方便性。</p>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US">20.5.6 </span>外置後拉預力之腐蝕防護</b></p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2056"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.5.6.1 </span>外置預力鋼腱與鋼腱錨定區應進行保護以防止腐蝕</p></div></blockquote></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 有許多方法可以達到永久性的腐蝕防護。腐蝕防護措施之選擇應考量鋼腱所處之環境條件。在某些情況下,預力鋼筋之保護需採混凝土包覆或於聚乙烯管、金屬管中填充水泥漿來保護。在其他條件時,則允許使用油漆或油脂塗布來保護。防蝕保護之方法亦應該符合建築技術規則中的防火需求,除非外置後拉預力裝置僅用於提昇結構物的服務性能。</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US">20.6 </span>埋置物</span></h1><p><a name="S206"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.6.1 </span>埋置物應對於結構強度不會有明顯之影響,且不會降低火害之保護</p></div></blockquote><div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p> 任何對混凝土或鋼筋不會造成危害的埋置物,皆可放置於混凝土中,但是其埋設方式仍需被確認不會損及結構安全。建築師或專業技師宜確認以適用的配管規則作設計與系統檢驗。承包商不得安裝未標註於工程文件中或未經建築師或專業技師核可之導管、管、套管或套筒。 </p>
<p> 埋置於混凝土柱中之管道、管線或套管及其配件所佔用面積不得超過柱強度計算斷面積之<span lang="EN-US">4%</span>,且內徑不大於<span lang="EN-US">51 mm</span>,亦不得違反防火之規定。管道、管線或套管穿過板、牆或梁時,其位置及大小不得影響結構物之強度。若符合下列情形,在計算混凝土有效受壓斷面時可不必扣除其所佔之面積。</p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span>不致銹蝕或受壓易於損壞者。</p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p> <span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>未施塗料或鍍鋅之鐵管或鋼管,其管壁厚度不薄於標準鋼管者。</p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span>內徑不大於<span lang="EN-US">51 mm</span>者。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span>中心間距不小於管徑之<span lang="EN-US">3</span>倍者。</p></div></blockquote><div>
<p>除經結構工程師核准者外,管道、管線或套管埋置<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>非穿越構材<span lang="EN-US">) </span>於混凝土中時,管之外徑不得大於板、牆或梁厚之<span lang="EN-US">1/3</span>,中心間距不得小於管徑之<span lang="EN-US">3</span>倍,埋設位置並不得影響結構物之強度,並須符合下列規定:</p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span>除作放熱及融雪用者外,管在板內須置於頂層與底層鋼筋之間。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>管及配件外包之混凝土直接受風雨侵襲者,其厚度不得少於<span lang="EN-US">40 mm</span>。不接受風雨侵襲者,其厚度不得少於<span lang="EN-US">20 mm</span>。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span>與管垂直之方向須設置鋼筋,其量不得少於混凝土斷面積之<span lang="EN-US">0.2%</span>。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span>管安裝時不得切斷或彎曲鋼筋,並不得移動鋼筋之位置。</p></div></blockquote><div>
<p>裝有液體、氣體或蒸氣之管線,符合下列條件者可埋置於結構混凝土中:</p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span>管線及配件應按其材料及所承受之壓力與溫度設計之。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>液體、氣體或蒸氣之溫度不得超過<span lang="EN-US">65°C</span>。對管有害之液體、氣體或蒸氣不得通入。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span>所有管件及配件在澆置混凝土前須整體作滲漏試驗,壓力在大氣壓力以上須較管或配件承受之壓力多<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>,但最小試驗壓力不得少於大氣壓力達<span lang="EN-US">10.5 `kgf//cm^2`</span>以上。試驗時 除因氣溫變化影響外,壓力須保持<span lang="EN-US"> 4 </span>小時不降低。管內裝有爆炸性或對健康有害之液 體、氣體或蒸氣者,應在混凝土硬化後依前述辦法再試驗一次。不承受內壓力之排水管或其他管道可不作上述之試驗。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span>任何管件或配件承受之最大內壓力不宜超過大氣壓力達<span lang="EN-US">14 `kgf//cm^2`</span>以上。</p></div><div><p><span lang="EN-US">(5) </span>在混凝土未達規定強度前,液體、氣體或蒸氣不得通入管內,但水之溫度不超過<span lang="EN-US">32°C</span>且壓力不大於<span lang="EN-US">3.5 `kgf//cm^2`</span>者除外。</p></div></blockquote><div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.6.2 </span>埋置物之材料不可對混凝土或鋼筋造成損害</p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2062"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.6.3 </span>鋁質之埋置物應採塗布或覆蓋之方式,以預防鋁<span lang="EN-US">-</span>混凝土反應與鋁<span lang="EN-US">-</span>鋼之電解作用。 </p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2063"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<div>
<p> 本規範禁止鋁金屬應用於結構混凝土中,除非該金屬件被有效的塗布或覆蓋,阻隔與混凝土的接觸。鋁與混凝土反應或在有氯離子的情況下與鋼筋電解反應,造成混凝土的開裂、剝落或兩種現象同時發生。鋁質電管具有一個特殊的問題,其雜散電流加速這些不良之反應。<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S264151C">第<span lang="EN-US">26.4.1.5.1(c)</span>節</a>禁止氯化鈣或任何含有氯化物的摻料應用於含有鋁質埋置物之混凝土中。</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.6.4 </span>須提供與埋置管垂直之鋼筋,其斷面積至少為混凝土斷面積之<span lang="EN-US">0.002</span>倍。</p></div></blockquote><div><p><a name="S2064"></a></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US">20.6.5 </span>當混凝土暴露於土壤或大氣環境中時,其預埋管與配件之規定混凝土保護層厚度應至少為<span lang="EN-US">40 mm</span>,但當混凝土未暴露於大氣中或接觸地面時,則至少為<span lang="EN-US">20 mm</span>。</p></div></div></blockquote><div><div>
<p><a name="S2065"></a></p>
</div>
<hr />
<p><a name="ACI352"></a><span lang="EN-US">ACI 352R Recommendations for Design of Beam-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures<br />
</span><a name="ACI3621"></a>ACI 362.1R Guide for the Design and Construction of Durable Concrete Parking Structures<br />
<a name="ACI4233"></a>ACI 423.3R Recommendations for Concrete Members Prestressed with Single-Strand Unbonded Tendons<br />ACI 423.7 Specification for Unbonded Single-Strand Tendon Materials<br />
<a name="ACI42310"></a>ACI 423.10R Guide to Estimating Prestress Losses<br />
<a name="ACI435"></a>ACI 435R Report on Deflection of Nonprestressed Concrete Structures<br />
<a name="ACI4401"></a>ACI 440.1R Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars<br />
<a name="ACI4402"></a>ACI 440.2R Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures</p>
<p><a name="ASTMA36"></a><span lang="EN-US">ASTM A36 Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel<br />
</span><a name="ASTMA53"></a>ASTM A53 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless<br />
<a name="ASTMA242"></a>ASTM A242 Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel<br />
<a name="ASTMA421"></a>ASTM A421 Standard Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete<br />
<a name="ASTMA500"></a>ASTM A500 Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes<br />
<a name="ASTMA501"></a>ASTM A501 Standard Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing<br />
<a name="ASTMA572"></a>ASTM A572 Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel<br />
<a name="ASTMA588"></a>ASTM A588 Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance<br />
<a name="ASTMA700"></a>ASTM A700 Standard Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment<br />
<a name="ASTMA755"></a>ASTM A755 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated by the Hot-Dip Process and Prepainted by the Coil-Coating Process for Exterior Exposed Building Products<br />
<a name="ASTMA884"></a>ASTM A884 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement<br />
<a name="ASTMA934"></a>ASTM A934 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel Reinforcing Bars<br />
<a name="ASTMA970"></a>ASTM A970 Standard Specification for Headed Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement<br />
<a name="ASTMA992"></a>ASTM A992 Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes<br />
<a name="ASTMA1022"></a>ASTM A1022 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement<br />
<a name="ASTMA1055"></a>ASTM A1055 Standard Specification for Zinc and Epoxy Dual-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars<br />
<a name="ASTMA1060"></a>ASTM A1060 Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete<br />
<a name="ASTMA1085"></a>ASTM A1085 Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded Carbon Steel Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)</p>
<p>
<a name="CNS560"></a>CNS 560 鋼筋混凝土用鋼筋<br />
<a name="CNS1468"></a>CNS 1468 低碳鋼線<br />
<a name="CNS2111"></a>CNS 2111 金屬材料拉伸試驗法<br />
<a name="CNS2473"></a>CNS 2473 一般結構用軋鋼料<br />
<a name="CNS2947"></a>CNS 2947 銲接結構用軋鋼料<br />
<a name="CNS3332"></a>CNS 3332 預力混凝土用鋼線及鋼絞線<br />
<a name="CNS4435"></a>CNS 4435 一般結構用碳鋼鋼管<br />
<a name="CNS4269"></a>CNS 4269 銲接結構用耐候性熱軋鋼料<br />
<a name="CNS4620"></a>CNS 4620 高耐候性軋鋼料<br />
<a name="CNS6919"></a>CNS 6919 銲接鋼線網及鋼筋網<br />
<a name="CNS7141"></a>CNS 7141 一般結構用正方形及矩形碳鋼鋼管<br />
<a name="CNS9272"></a>CNS 9272 預力混凝土用鋼棒<br />
<a name="CNS13812"></a>CNS 13812 建築結構用軋鋼料<br />
<a name="CNS14771"></a>CNS 14771 鋼筋混凝土用熱浸鍍鋅鋼筋</p>
<p><a name="ISO15698"></a><span lang="EN-US">ISO 15698 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete</span></p>
<p><a name="PTITAB106"></a><span lang="EN-US">PTI TAB.1-06 Post-Tensioning Manual</span></p>
<p></p></div>
<hr />
<br />
使用符號: <div><div>`>=`</div><div>`<=`</div><div>`A_s`</div><div>`Cl^-`</div><div>`(delta_s)_(1C)`</div><div>`epsilon_s`</div><div>`epsilon_y`</div><div>`E_c`</div><div>`E_p`</div><div>`E_s`</div><div>`f_(ps)`</div><div>`f_(pu)`</div><div>`f_(py)`</div><div>`f_s`</div><div>`f_(se)`</div><div>`f_u`</div><div>`f_y`</div><div>`f_(yt)`</div><div>`fc^'`</div><div>`gamma_p`</div><div>`kgf//cm^2`</div><div>`kg//m^3`</div><div>`l//d`</div><div>`lambda`</div><div>`m^3`</div><div>`m^2`</div><div>`mu`</div><div>`P_y`</div><div>`rho`</div><div>`rho_p`</div><div>`sqrt(fc^')`</div><div>`w_c`</div></div><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-86982465877220868962023-09-02T03:10:00.059+08:002024-02-23T10:32:58.142+08:00建築物混凝土結構設計規範 第二十六章 設計圖說及檢驗 (20240101生效)<script async="" id="MathJax-script" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.4/latest.js?config=AM_CHTML"></script><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ref: </span></div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://www.cpami.gov.tw/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A/30-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87/38347-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84.html" target="_blank">https://www.cpami.gov.tw/最新消息/法規公告/30-建築管理篇/38347-建築物混凝土結構設計規範.html</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div>20240219勘誤部分規定</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#_26.1_範圍">26.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">範圍<br /></span></span></a></span></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.2_設計標準" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">設計標準<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2621" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.2.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">設計資訊<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.3_構材資料" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.3 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">構材資訊<br /></span></span></a><a href="#_26.4_混凝土材料及拌成物要求" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土材料及拌成物要求<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2641" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土材料<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26411" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">膠結材料<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26412" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">粒料<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26413" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.3 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">礦物填料<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26414" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.4 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26415" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.5 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">摻料<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26416" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.6 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">鋼纖維加強材<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26417" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.1.7 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">噴凝土材料包裝、預混、乾粉、原料組合<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2642" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土拌成物要求<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="#S26421" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.2.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">設計資訊<br /></span></span></a></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="#S26422" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.2.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">合格要求</span></span></a></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2643" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.3 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土拌成物配比<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26431" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.3.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">合格要求<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2644" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.4.4 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混<span lang="EN-US">凝土拌成物特性之文件<br /></span></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.5_混凝土生產與施工" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土生產與施工<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2651" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土生產<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2652" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土澆置和搗實<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2653" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.3 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">養護<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2654" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.4 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">冷天混凝土施工<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2655" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.5 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">熱天混凝土施工<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2656" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.6 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">施工縫、收縮縫及隔離縫<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2657" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.5.7 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土構材之施工<br /></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.6_鋼筋材料和施工要求" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.6 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">鋼筋材料和施工要求<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2661" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.6.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">通則<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2662" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.6.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">配置<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2663" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.6.3 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">彎折<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2664" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.6.4 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">銲<span lang="EN-US">接<br /></span></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S2665" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.6.5 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">機<span lang="EN-US">械<span lang="EN-US">式續接<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.7_混凝土錨定" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.7 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">混凝土錨定<br /></span></span></a><a href="#_26.8_埋置物" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.8 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">埋置物<br /></span></span></a><a href="#_26.9_預鑄混凝土附加要求" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.9 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">預鑄混凝土附加要求<br /></span></span></a><a href="#_26.10_預力混凝土附加要求" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.10 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">預力混凝土附加要求<br /></span></span></a><a href="#_26.11_模板" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.11 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">模<span lang="EN-US">板<br /></span></span></span></a><a href="#_26.12_硬固混凝土評估與驗收" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">硬固混凝土評估與驗收<br /></span></span></a></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26121" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.1 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">通則<br /></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26122" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.2 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">試驗<span lang="EN-US">頻<span lang="EN-US">率<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26123" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.3 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">標準養<span lang="EN-US">護<span lang="EN-US">試體之允收準則<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26124" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.4 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">噴凝<span lang="EN-US">土<span lang="EN-US">之允收準則<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26125" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.5 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">輕質<span lang="EN-US">混<span lang="EN-US">凝土密度之允收準則<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26126" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.6 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">強度試<span lang="EN-US">驗<span lang="EN-US">調查<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#S26127" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.12.7 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">鋼纖<span lang="EN-US">維<span lang="EN-US">混凝土之驗收<br /></span></span></span></span></a></div></div></blockquote><div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 18.0pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.13_檢驗" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">26.13 <span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">檢驗</span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#_26.13_檢驗" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></a><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html" target="_blank">第十九章 混凝土:設計與耐久性要求<br /></a><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html" target="_blank">第二十章 鋼筋性質、耐久性及埋置物</a><br />第二十五章 鋼筋細節</div>
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<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">範圍</span></span></h1></div><h1 style="text-align: left;"><a name="_26.1_範圍"></a></h1>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">本章明訂需納入適用於設計圖說之最低要求。這些要求包括需傳達給承包商的結構設計資訊、對承包商施工品質要求條款,以及驗證是否符合設計圖說之檢驗要求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">設計圖說宜包含所有對承包商設計和施工必要的要求,以符合本規範規定。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">設計圖說要求遵循本規範之概括性參照條文需予以避免,此因承包商少有立場承擔細部設計,或仰賴設計詳細知識施工要求之責任。本規範的目的是將所有必要的條款列入設計圖說,因此宜避免參照特定的規範條文。例如,參考第二十六章的特定規定時,希望能以該專案設計圖說中適當參考來替代,如參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">ASTM</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">標準以及其他文件皆可。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">本章包括設計圖說一些規定之條文,但無法涵蓋設計圖說宜有的全部項目,適用於工程之附加事項或主管單位要求項目。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">所述參考施工規範與本規範要求相符。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">第二十六章之內容架構,如下所示:</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">章節</span></strong></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">涵蓋部分</span></strong></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.1_範圍">26.1</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">範圍</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.2_設計標準">26.2</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm 3pt 0.9pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.9pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">設計標準</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.3_構材資料">26.3</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">構材資訊</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.4_混凝土材料及拌成物要求">26.4</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">混凝土材料及拌成物要求</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.5_混凝土生產與施工">26.5</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">混凝土生產與施工</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.6_鋼筋材料和施工要求">26.6</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">鋼筋材料和施工要求</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.7_混凝土錨定">26.7</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">混凝土錨定</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.8_埋置物">26.8</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.9_預鑄混凝土附加要求">26.9</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.10_預力混凝土附加要求">26.10</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">預力混凝土的附加要求</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.11_模板">26.11</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">模板</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.12_硬固混凝土評估與驗收">26.12</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">混凝土評估和驗收</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#_26.13_檢驗">26.13</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">檢驗</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.1.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本章說明如下:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計圖說應載明各項施工時須符合之設計資訊、合格標準及檢驗要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">第十七章「混凝土結構用錨栓」尚包含混凝土錨定的設計資訊、合格要求和檢驗要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">除</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#_26.13_檢驗"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.13<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定的檢驗要求,本章規定係由設計資訊及合格標準所組成。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計資訊係針對特定專案,於結構設計過程所提出,涵蓋設計基本資料或提供工程施工相關資料,僅需提出適用該工程的設計資訊,包含:<br /></span> (1) 設計規範之名稱及版本。<br /> (2) 設計所用之活載重及其他特殊載重。<br /><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> (3) 結構物各部分之混凝土規定抗壓強度及規格。<br /></span> (4) 鋼筋及鋼料之規定強度及規格。<br /> (5) 結構物各構材、錨栓、及鋼筋之位置及尺寸。<br /> (6) 鋼筋之保護層及間距。<br /> (7) 鋼筋之錨定長度、接續位置及長度。<br /> (8) 鋼筋之銲接或機械式續接器之型式及位置。<br /> (9) 預力混凝土工程所需施加之預力大小、位置與程序。<br /> (10) 混凝土潛變、收縮及溫度變化範圍之相關規定。<br /> (11) 伸縮縫、收縮縫或隔離縫之位置及設計詳圖。<br /> (12) 配合結構設計原意所需之施工縫位置及設計詳圖。<br /> (13) 梁、板、牆之開孔位置、尺寸及補強方法。<br /> (14) 管線、預留孔及埋設鐵件等之位置、埋設規定及注意事項。<br /> (15) 配合結構設計原意所必須之施工順序及要求。</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格標準為工程施工品質可接受的最低標準。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">即使要求規定不同,或超過最低要求,或提出更多的細節,只要包括本章可適用最低合格標準的設計圖說,即可視為遵守本規範。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
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<h1><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="_26.2_設計標準"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計標準</span></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt;"><a name="S2621"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.2.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計資訊應包括:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規範、建築技術規則以及任何補充設計規定之名稱和公布年份。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計使用之載重。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">承包商須辦理之施工詳圖及採用準則。</span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">主導設計所採適用版本之各參考文件,包括如重力和側向載重之必要載重資訊,宜列入設計圖說。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c)</span></b><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計時可能影響部分委辦工項的設計資料如尺度、載重及其他假設值。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
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<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="_26.3_構材資料"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.3 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">構材資料</span></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.3.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計資訊應包括:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">構材尺度、位置及相關許可差。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">使用噴凝土建造之構材。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">需要測試混凝土拌成物彈性模數之結構構材應加註記。</span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">可參照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI117">ACI 117</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之現場澆置施工或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACIITG7">ACI ITG-7</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之預鑄施工規定,在設計圖說納入構材尺度和位置的施工許可差。更嚴格或前述參考條文未涵蓋之特定專案許可差,亦宜包括在設計圖說。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.3.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計圖說未指名使用噴凝土於結構構件時,如需使用噴凝土,應依工程契約辦理。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h2><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">若承包商提送計畫擬以噴凝土施噴部分結構時,設計者須提醒承包商務必考慮第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">4.2.1.1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節解說管控噴凝土之條款。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
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<h1><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="_26.4_混凝土材料及拌成物要求"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土材料及拌成物要求</span></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt;"><a name="S2641"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土材料</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26411"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.1 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">膠結材料</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.1.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格標準應包括:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48pt; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">膠結材料應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表264111a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.1.1.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規格,但符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26411">26.4.1.1.1(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">者除外。<br /><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -108pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.1.1(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">膠結材料規格<br /></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">規範</span></strong></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 2.5pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">卜特蘭<span class="shorttext">水泥</span></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#CNS61">CNS 61</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 2.5pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">水硬性混合水泥</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><br /> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">不包含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">IS (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">³</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"> 70)與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">IT (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">³</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"> 70)</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 2.5pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">膨脹水硬性水泥</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: 8.5pt;">相關規範</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 2.5pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">飛灰和天然卜作嵐材料</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#CNS3036">CNS 3036</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 2.5pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">水淬高爐爐碴粉</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#CNS12549">CNS 12549</a></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 2.5pt; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">矽灰</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="#CNS15648">CNS 15648</a></span></p>
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<p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">經設計者和監造單位認可之替代性膠結材料應被允許使用。認可應基於試驗資料載明使用替代性膠結材料之混凝土拌成物符合使用性能要求,包括結構性、耐火性、及耐久性等。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第十九章</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">強度和耐久性條款以及第二十六章諸多要求,皆依據使用符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表264111a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.1.1.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">膠結材料之試驗數據和經驗。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">某些另類的膠結材料可能不適用本規範之結構混凝土用,因此需要評估替代性膠結材料適用性時,可參閱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">Becker</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">(2018)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACIITG10">ITG-10R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">、以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACIITG101">ITG-10.1R-18</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">建議須評估之混凝土性質。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">膨脹水硬性水泥目前尚無</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">國家標準,可暫用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ASTMC845">ASTM C845</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">除了試驗資料之外,提送與專案要求實質同等性能的替代性膠結材料之工程實績,有助於設計者決定是否准用替代品。和所有的新科技一樣,業主須被知會所有的風險和回報。</span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26412"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.2 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">粒料</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.2.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求應包括:</span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">粒料應符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:<br /></span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">常重粒料:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">輕質粒料:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">粒料不符</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;"><a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">規定者,若經試驗或實際案例證明可產生足夠混凝土強度和耐久性,並經監造單位核准後,亦可允許使用。</span></blockquote> </blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">水硬性水泥混凝土碎塊或再生粒料,若具備資料證明符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -19.55pt;"><a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -19.55pt;">規定者,並經設計者和監造單位批准後,亦可允許使用。</span></blockquote> </blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土使用之粒料應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混合水泥之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> IS (≥70) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">型含等於或超過重量比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">70 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">水淬高爐爐碴粉。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土中添加適量膨脹水硬性水泥可抵減結構混凝土之收縮量,適用於無收縮混凝土,如機械底座錨定、機場滑行道等。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋁質水泥、高鋁水泥、貝萊土水泥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Belite-rich cement) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等均屬特殊水泥,依據土木水利工程學會「混凝土工程施工規範與解說</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">土木</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">402-94a)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">」第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1.8</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節之規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規格的粒料並非全然經濟可得,反而在一些情況下,不符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規格的材料,在類似的暴露條件下具有令人滿意的性能使用紀錄。這些替代材料,如果可提出滿意的性能證據,可被允許使用。一般而言,宜使用符合指定規格的粒料。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">本規範規定以水硬性水泥混凝土碎塊或再生粒料製成的混凝土為專案專用。以再生粒料製成的新拌和硬固混凝土性質受諸多因素影響,包括破碎前原混凝土之性質、品質、及變異性,回收粒料的性質和變異性,包括篩選、分級、配比和均勻性等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">說明使用這些再生粒料可能需要某些額外的預警,包括任何此類粒料宜符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">耐久性要求,以及提送混凝土配比宜符合工程指定之暴露等級,特別關注的項目包括混凝土鹼質與粒料反應活性、氯離子含量、硫酸鹽含量。此外,相較於以一般常重粒料製成的混凝土,以水硬性水泥混凝土碎塊或再生粒料製成的混凝土具有較顯著的變異性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Bezaerra Cabral, et al. 2010)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。本規範要求公開資料證明以水硬性水泥混凝土碎塊或再生粒料製成的混凝土,能符合設計要求的力學性質和耐久性,這些性質在設計過程中可能經過計算或假設但未規定於合約文件。每個專案和暴露條件組合應該各自訂定混凝土使用再生粒料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">含水硬性水泥混凝土碎塊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之核可標準,專案之測試計畫和允收準則由設計者訂定之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI555">ACI 555R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供檢驗此類粒料所需性能之注意事項。亦可參考內政部建築研究所</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2006)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">出版之「再生混凝土使用手冊」。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26413"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.3 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">礦物填料</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.3.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 92.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">礦物填料應符合相關規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="2"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說</span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">:</span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">礦物填料係磨細之粒料粉末,可用於自充填混凝土或任何混凝土拌成物,藉由顆粒堆砌最佳化改善新拌和硬固混凝土之性質。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1797">ASTM C1797</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">定義以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Type A</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Type B</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">礦物填料以碳酸鹽類粒料製成,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Type C</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">礦物填料以混有其他礦物之碎石塊製成。注意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2642"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定碳酸鹽類礦物填料不得用於暴露在硫酸鹽之混凝土。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26414"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.4 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">水</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.4.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">拌和水應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS13961">CNS 13961</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">幾乎任何無明顯味道或氣味之可飲用天然水,都適用作為拌製混凝土的拌和水。拌和水中含過多雜質可能會影響混凝土之凝結時間、強度和體積穩定性,並且還可能導致白華或鋼筋腐蝕。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">在拌和水中可能有來自粒料或摻料的鹽類或其他有害物質,這些額外的量宜被考量納入混凝土中的總雜質量。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS13961">CNS 13961</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允許使用未測試的可飲用水,並訂有使用非飲用水來源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如在混凝土製程中產生者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之認可方法,包含考量對凝結時間和強度之影響,並建立確保持續監測水質之測試頻率。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS13961">CNS 13961</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">訂有拌和水中氯鹽、硫酸鹽、鹼金屬鹽和固體含量之選擇性限值,可適時引用。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">液態摻料所含水分應視為拌和用水一部分,於配比中加以調整。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">拌和水,包括粒料表面游離水提供之部分,若用於含鋁製埋設物之混凝土、或混凝土澆置採免拆鍍鋅鋼模</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">(stay-in-place galvanized steel forms)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">,其氯離子含量不可影響鋁料或鍍鋅鋼模。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26415"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.5 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">摻料</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.5.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格標準應包括:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">摻料應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">減水、緩凝及速凝劑:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS12283">CNS 12283</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土流動化劑:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS12833">CNS 12833</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">輸氣劑:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3091">CNS 3091</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">抑制氯化物引起之腐蝕:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS12456">CNS 12456</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">使用不符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26415"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.1.5.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規格之摻料,須經設計者事先審查。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S264151C"></a>(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除僅含在摻料成份雜質中之氯外,氯化鈣或摻料含氯者不得用於預力混凝</span>土、含鋁製預埋件之混凝土或採免拆鍍鋅鋼模之混凝土。</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">摻料使用於含有膨脹水泥之混凝土時,應與水泥相容且不產生有害之影響。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土用摻料應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14689">CNS 14689</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div><span face="'新細明體',serif"><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">摻入混凝土之摻料,以符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">規範之混凝土用摻料為原則。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">未有規範之新摻料,則按建築技術規則總則編第四條之規定辦理。<br /></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 各項混凝土摻料之使用,以能達所要求之混凝土性能,且對其他混凝土性質無妨害為原則,並經監造者許可。<br /></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 摻料之用量及用法亦有所限制,配比設計前對所用摻料,宜詳細閱讀其原製造廠之使用說明書,並作必要之配合,必要時與供應商洽商。可信之試驗報告係指學術研究或公正機構之試驗報告,原製造廠之使用說明書之可信度宜有試驗報告或優良之使用紀錄佐證。若無上項之試驗報告時,要求廠商委託學術研究或公正機構進行試驗加以評定。<br /></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 施工所使用之摻料與選用配比設計時所使用之摻料相同。<br /></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 除本規範之規定外,使用摻料時,宜依照產品說明書之規定。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 腐蝕抑制劑亦可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ASTMC1582">ASTM C1582</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">之相關規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> <br /></span></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><br /><b>(b) </b></span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">為增進混凝土某項性質所用之摻料,若對混凝土其他性質有不良影響,致使無法符合設計要求時,不得使用。<br /></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 各種摻料應有可信之試驗報告或原製造廠之使用說明書以作為配比設計之依據。必要時可進行試驗,測試其性能。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 摻料之性能與使用時之溫度相關,因此宜注意使用季節之氣溫,做相同溫度下之性能試驗。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></div><div><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><br /><b>(c) </b></span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">一般而言,因為在腐蝕上預力鋼筋比非預力鋼筋更受到關切,故預力混凝土禁止使用氯化鈣。預力鋼筋斷面局部縮減可能導致鋼材斷裂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACI222">ACI 222R</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 氯離子的存在可能導致鋁質埋設物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">如導管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">腐蝕,尤其當鋁與預埋鋼材接觸且混凝土處在潮濕環境。含鋁質埋設物保護要求參見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#S2682"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.8.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。鍍鋅鋼板和免拆鍍鋅鋼模板可能發生腐蝕,尤其是在潮濕環境中或被混凝土厚度、塗布或不透水覆蓋物抑制乾燥時。混凝土中氯離子濃度規定限制參見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.2.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> <br /></span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><br /><b>(d) </b></span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">某些情況下,摻料使用於含有膨脹水泥之混凝土時,曾造成降低膨脹量或增加收縮值,詳見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACI223">ACI 223R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26416"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.6 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼纖維加強材</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.6.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求應包括:</span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於抗剪之鋼纖維加強材應滿足下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:<br /></span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -12pt;"> (1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -12pt;">製成異形且符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -12pt;"><a href="#CNS12892">CNS 12892</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -12pt;">之規定。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="text-indent: -12pt;"> (2) 長徑比至少為50,但不超過100。 </span> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">異形鋼纖維可提高與混凝土力學錨定,</span> <span face="'新細明體',serif">纖維長徑比之限值係根據可用的試驗數據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Parra-Montesinos 2006)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。因為没有迦凡尼電池效應</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (galvanic action) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">導致腐蝕的數據可供參考,構材採用不銹鋼鋼筋或鍍鋅鋼筋時,不建議同時使用異形鋼纖維。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26417"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.7 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土材料包裝、預混、乾粉、原料組合</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.1.7.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求應包括:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 96pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土材料包裝、預混、乾粉、原料組合須符合相關規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">我國尚無噴凝土原料標準,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1480">ASTM C1480</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt;"><a name="S2642"></a><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.2 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌成物要求</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt;"><a name="S26421"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.4.2.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(17)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">為依暴露等級或構件設計,對各混凝土拌成物之要求:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">最低規定混凝土抗壓強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#S19222" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.2.2.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之最小混凝土彈性模數</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Ec</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">異於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天之混凝土</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>測試齡期。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">適用於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.2.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">最嚴格指定之耐久性暴露等級之最大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">w/cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(5) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">粗粒料標稱最大粒徑不超過下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(iii)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之最小值:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板面間最窄尺度之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">板深度之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(iii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">單支鋼筋或鋼線、成束鋼筋、預力鋼筋、單根鋼腱、成束鋼腱或套管間最小規定淨間距之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3/4</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 經設計者判斷,考量其工作性和搗實方法,如混凝土澆置時不會產生蜂窩或空隙,這些限制可免予採用。</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(6) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#S19331" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.3.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">F</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">適用之含氣量應依照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"> (7) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">構材位於暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">F3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">,指定混凝土配比適用之輔助性膠結材料限制參照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="#表26422B"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(b</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">規定。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">(8) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">構材位於暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">,除非經設計者認可,否則不得使用碳酸鹽類礦物填料。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">(9) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">依照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.2.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">規定暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">適用之膠結材料。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">(10) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">構材位於暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">,容許指定任何符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="#S26422"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.2(c)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">之規定替代性膠結材料組合。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">(11) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">構材位於暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">S3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">,禁止使用含氯化鈣之摻料。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"> (12) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">構材位於暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">W1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">W2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">,評估潛在鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">粒料反應性之要求。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;"> (13) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">依照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.2.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">規定暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;">C</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">適用之水溶性氯離子濃度限制。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;"> (14) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">輕質混凝土穩定後密度。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"> (15) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">如果依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#%E8%A1%A819.2.4.1(b)" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>19.2.4.1(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">決定設計用`lambda`值,則要求提交輕質混凝土拌成物中粒料體積占比,以驗證`lambda`值。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"> (16) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">若符合第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">9.6.3.1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">節用於抵抗剪力時,對鋼纖維混凝土之要求。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;"> (17) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">噴凝土用粗粒料標稱最大粒徑不超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;">1.25 cm (12.5 mm)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">。</span></p><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: -32.6667px;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;"><span lang="EN-US">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">根據構材預期暴露之嚴重程度,設計者可決定其暴露等級。</span></span></p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: -32.6667px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">結構各部位在特定施工階段需要之抗壓強度,由設計者設計訂定。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">設計圖說宜註明工程中每一種混凝土拌成物的要求。係依照適用之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">的混凝土設計要求和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">耐久性要求決定,另亦需註明適用的最嚴格要求。</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(4) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">依照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#%E8%A1%A819.3.2.1" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>19.3.2.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">,計算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">w/cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">是依據混凝土拌成物中所有膠結材料和輔助性膠結材料,但使用替代水泥混凝土之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">w/cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">,可能不會反映出以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#表264111a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.1.1.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">許可的卜特蘭水泥及輔助性膠結材料製成混凝土之強度和耐久性。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#S26411"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.1.1.1(b)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">解說所述,使用替代性膠結材料之混凝土性能測試及建立適當的專案標準是極為重要的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(5) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">粒料粒徑之限值,有助於澆置鋼筋周遭混凝土時,不會因緊密排列的鋼筋堵塞造成蜂窩。本規範目的在於讓設計者就各混凝土拌成物選擇適當的粒料最大標稱粒徑,並將該數值納入設計圖說。因為粒料最大粒徑可能影響混凝土性質</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">譬如收縮</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">及混凝土成本,因此宜允許採用與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#S26421"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">要求一致的粒料最大粒徑。若可同時減少漿體體積,則增加粒料粒徑將會減少收縮。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 粗粒料之標稱最大粒徑係指至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">95 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">粒料通過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">且大一號篩需</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">100%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">通過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">之粒徑篩號,粒徑過大可能導致混凝土無法充分填滿模板內部角落或包裹埋設物四周;但粒徑減小會增加粒料之總表面積,因而增加水泥漿體用量,即提高水泥用量而提高成本,並增加體積不穩定性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">收縮、龜裂及潛變量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">,宜適當選擇粒徑以平衡利弊。但國內碎石場通常僅供應標稱最大粒徑為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">2.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">1.9 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">之粒料,其他粒徑之粒料常需特別訂購。如用泵送機泵送混凝土仍宜符合<strike>本</strike>中國土木水利工程學會「混凝土工程施工規範與解說</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">土木</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">402-94a)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">」第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">7.10.4</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">節之規定,其粒料標稱最大粒徑宜小於輸送管內徑之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">1/4</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(6)</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> <a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">訂定交貨時空氣含量許可差為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">1.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">百分點。噴凝土亦同。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(8)</span></strong><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">構材位於暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">S2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">S3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">時,混凝土拌和使用碳酸鹽類礦物填料會導致硫酸鹽侵蝕,相關資訊參閱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACI2012">ACI 201.2R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。暴露於硫酸鹽之混凝土可使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ASTMC1797">ASTM C1797</a> Type C</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">以非碳酸鹽類碎石製成的礦物填料。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 若使用碳酸鹽類碎石製成的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">Type A</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">B</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">、及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">C</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">礦物填料,其水泥和礦物填料中碳酸鈣之總重量占比在全部膠結材料的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">15 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">以下,則其抗硫酸鹽侵蝕侵蝕能力可用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">評估是否符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#表26422C"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(c)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">所列膨脹標準。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(12)</span></strong><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">構材位於暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">W1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">W2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">有發生潛在鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">粒料反應之疑慮。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ASTMC1778">ASTM C1778</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">所述,所謂鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">粒料反應</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">(Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, AAR)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">是指混凝土孔隙溶液中的氫氧根離子與某些粒料中的成份發生化學反應,依反應岩類不同分成兩種:與多種矽酸鹽類礦物之鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">氧化矽反應</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">(Alkali-Silica Reaction, ASR)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">;與含有白雲石粒料之鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">碳酸鹽反應</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">(Alkali-Carbonate Reaction, ACR)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。兩種反應生成物吸水後會膨脹造成混凝土龜裂,進而減少混凝土結構強度和使用壽命。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ASTMC1778">ASTM C1778</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">所述,減輕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">ASR</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">的選項包括使用輔助性膠結材料或限制混凝土鹼質含量,而惟有不使用活性粒料才能避免發生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">ACR</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(14)</span></strong><span style="text-indent: 24pt;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">穩定後密度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (equilibrium density) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">是輕質混凝土在開始施工後,假設某種乾燥程度下的密度估計值。輕質混凝土的穩定後密度,依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">測定之。根據新拌混凝土密度和穩定後密度間建立的相關性,輕質混凝土交貨時可以新拌混凝土密度作驗收。新拌混凝土密度變動範圍視濕度、含氣量、拌和配比、及輕質粒料種類而異,建立新拌密度與所需穩定後密度之相關性時宜列入考慮。輕質混凝土密度和強度之允收是必要的,因為設計用`lambda`值及自重都是穩定後密度的函數。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></strong><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(16) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">假如鋼纖維用於抵抗剪力,則對鋼纖維混凝土有特別的要求,包括:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#S26416"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.1.6.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">規定之纖維要求、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#S26422"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.2(i)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">規定之最低用量要求、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#S26127"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.7.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">規定之允收準則。纖維通常規定纖維類型、纖維長度、長徑比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">( </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt;">`l//d`<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"> )</span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">和用量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">(<a href="#ACI5443">ACI 544.3R</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"> 針對結構上的應用,本規範只述明使用不連續的異形鋼纖維來抵抗剪力;對於將不連續的異形鋼纖維應用於不同的結構用途時,第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;">1.9</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">節提供相關認可程序。此外,在混凝土中使用不連續的異形鋼纖維也有非結構性應用或其他功能性目的;本規範在述及使用鋼纖維提供剪力強度之規定,並不適用於非結構性應用。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">混凝土耐久性需求係根據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">構材之暴露等級來決定,因此,構材暴露等級成為要求混凝土拌成物的依據。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.1%20%EF%A8%86%EF%A4%B8%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%88%86%EF%A7%90%E8%88%87%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">規定由設計者指定結構中不同構材的暴露等級,則混凝土拌成物宜依其規定,但本規範並不要求設計圖說中敘明暴露等級。若設計者要求承包商依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">規範訂定混凝土性質,則各構材暴露等級宜在設計圖說中敘明。</span></p>
<strong style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (c) </span></strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">如設計或施工規定現場混凝土在特定齡期或施工階段,達到一定的強度,則這些要求宜在設計圖說中明訂。需要指定混凝土抗壓強度要求的特定施工時機,包括拆除模板和支撐之時間點,此外,宜指定混凝土抗壓強度要求的時機為:<br /></span>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">場鑄後拉混凝土施預力時;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">預鑄混凝土脫模、裝卸、運輸和安裝時;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> (3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;">預鑄預力混凝土在預力轉移、脫模、裝卸、運輸和安裝時。</span></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">構材使用之混凝土抗壓強度,一般係指以標準養護</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天齡期之混凝土試體抗壓強度表示之,且應符合設計圖說要求之最小抗壓強度。預鑄構材混凝土之養護,一般採用加熱養護(如蒸汽養護或熱模養護)方式提高早期強度以提早脫模;通常,經過加熱養護之混凝土,其</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天齡期的抗壓強度,都比經標準養護者為低。因此,進行預鑄構材混凝土之配比設計時,宜考量此因素對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天齡期抗壓強度的影響,使得混凝土之抗壓強度平均值不低於規定強度。於製造工廠內,與構材在相同養護條件下養護之抗壓試體,其平均抗壓強度值可視為構材當下之強度,該強度宜符合設計圖說於各指定齡期下之強度要求,例如,脫模強度及出貨強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">臺灣混凝土學會</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> 2016a)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">對非由設計者設計的結構部分,參見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26422"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.2(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: 24pt;"><b><a name="S26422"></a>26.4.2.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.05pt; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S26422A"></a>(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">結構各部位在特定施工階段需要之抗壓強度,若非由設計者訂定,應提交審查。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -20.05pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.05pt; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S26422B"></a>(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於設計圖說註記受凍融循環與適用除冰劑之構材,其混凝土輔助膠結材料所含之飛灰或其他天然卜作嵐材料、矽灰、水淬高爐爐碴粉最大百分比不超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26422B"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">輔助性膠結材料所含之飛灰或其他天然卜作嵐材料、矽灰、水淬高爐爐碴粉用於製造</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">混合水泥者,應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="#表26422B"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">規定。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">不論混凝土拌成物所含膠結材料有幾種,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><a href="#表26422B"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">之個別限制量均適用。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 120.5pt; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><a name="表26422B"></a>表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.2.2(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">F3 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之混凝土膠結材料限制</span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="61%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>輔助性膠結材料</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="38%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>佔總膠結材料</strong><strong><br /></strong><strong>最大質量百分比</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="61%">
<p>符合<a href="#CNS3036">CNS 3036</a>規定之飛灰或其他天然卜作嵐材料</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="38%">
<p>25</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="61%">
<p>符合<a href="#CNS12549">CNS 12549</a>規定之水淬高爐爐碴粉</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="38%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="61%">
<p>符合<a href="#CNS15648">CNS 15648</a>之矽灰</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="38%">
<p>10</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="61%">
<p>飛灰或天然卜作嵐材料和矽灰總量</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="38%">
<p>35</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="61%">
<p>飛灰或天然卜作嵐材料、水淬高爐爐碴粉和矽灰總量</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="38%">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.05pt; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S26422C"></a>(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於設計圖說註記暴露在硫酸鹽之構材混凝土,如經抗硫酸鹽測試能符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26422C"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(c)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">標準,允許採用不同於第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.2.1(a)(9)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定之膠結材料組合。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="表26422C"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.2.2(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">建立暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">S </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之膠結材料組合的適用性要求</span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p><strong>暴露等級</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" width="82%">
<p><strong>使用符合</strong><a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a><strong>規定測試之最大</strong><strong>膨脹應變</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p><strong>6</strong><strong>個月</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p><strong>12</strong><strong>個月</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p><strong>18</strong><strong>個月</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p>S1</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>0.10%</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>無要求</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>無要求</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p>S2</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>0.05%</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>0.10% <sup>[1]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>無要求</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p>S3 選項1</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>無要求</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>無要求</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>0.10%</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="17%">
<p>S3 選項2</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="26%">
<p>0.05%</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>0.10% <sup>[1]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="28%">
<p>無要求</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[1] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">只有當量測膨脹超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">6</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個月之最大膨脹限值,才適用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">12</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個月之膨脹限值。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.05pt; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S26422D"></a>(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於混凝土確認用於接觸水之環境者,須提交證明混凝土拌成物符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">非鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">二氧化矽活性粒料,或另訂減輕鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">氧化矽反應之措施。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">非鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">碳酸鹽質活性粒料。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">須以下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">顯示氯離子含量符合規定限制:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -24.5pt;"> (1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;">依據混凝土材料檢測之氯離子含量與混凝土拌成物配比,計算混凝土拌成物中總氯離子含量。試體可採依CNS 1231製作及標準養護之圓柱</span>試體取代結構物之鑽心試體,對相同混凝土材料來源之每<span style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">一配比,應至少檢驗三個圓柱試體,取試驗結果之平均值</span><span style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">為該配比之硬固混凝土水溶性氯離子含量。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -24.5pt;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;"> (2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;"><a href="#CNS14703">CNS 14703</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">測定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">天至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -32.6667px;">42</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -32.6667px;">天齡期內之硬固混凝土水溶性氯離子含量。</span></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預力混凝土禁用含氯化鈣之摻料。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.05pt; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除構材有更嚴格之限制外,混凝土澆置於或接觸免拆鍍鋅鋼模時,</span><span style="text-indent: -20.05pt;">硬固混凝土中最大水溶性氯離子含量相對於總膠結材</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span style="text-indent: -20.05pt;">質量比上限為0.3 %</span><strike>混凝土水溶性氯離子含量最大容許值為</strike></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><strike>0.15 `kg//m^3`</strike></span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="text-indent: -20.05pt;">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.05pt; text-indent: -20.05pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">輕質混凝土新拌密度和穩定後密度分別以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS11151">CNS 11151</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和相關規定測定,並建立相關性。已建立相關性之新拌混凝土密度,可作為允收之依據。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於抵抗剪力之鋼纖維混凝土應符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS12892">CNS 12892</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">每一立方公尺混凝土至少包含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> 60</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">公斤重之異形鋼纖維。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">輔助性膠結材料之限制適用於構材暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">F3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的混凝土拌成物。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對暴露類別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">S</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之拌成物要求,規定於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>19.3.2.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。各等級硫酸鹽暴露採用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#%E8%A1%A819.3.2.1" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>19.3.2.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所列以外之膠結材料替代組合,可用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">評估混凝土拌成物之抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI2012">ACI 201.2R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">中有比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">評定此拌成物品質更詳細的指引。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26422C"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.4.2.2(c)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所列膨脹標準,係依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">試驗,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之中度抗硫酸鹽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">選定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">MS) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等同於暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">S1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、高度抗硫酸鹽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">選定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">HS) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等同於暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">S2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">S3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">選項</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">18</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個月之膨脹值限制只適用暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">S3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">選項</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土供應商可提供文件說明潛在的鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">粒料反應。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1778">ASTM C1778</a> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供測定粒料活性之方法、準則、以及指引如何降低混凝土中鹼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">粒料反應的危害。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e)(1) </b></span><strike><span face="'新細明體',serif">此項原列於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI318">ACI 318-19</a></span></strike><span face="'新細明體',serif"><strike>規範解說,今移至規範本文以避免應用時模稜兩可。實務上常用</strike></span>由混凝土供應者依<span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土配比組合中各材料之氯離子含量來計算混凝土拌成物中總氯離子含量</span>,其計算結果應符合<span face="'新細明體',serif">設計者依<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#%E8%A1%A819.3.2.1" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>19.3.2.1</a>所定之值。膠結材料和拌和水之總氯離子含量可依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1078">CNS 1078</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">測定,粒料之總氯離子含量可取粒料樣本以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14702">CNS 14702</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">測定,摻料之總氯離子含量由供應商提供,以配比組合估算混凝土總氯離子含量是偏保守的。若計算之總氯離子含量超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#%E8%A1%A819.3.2.1" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>19.3.2.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,可調整混凝土材料直到符合規定,或改以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26422"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.2(e)(2)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">款</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">測定水溶性氯離子含量。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e)(2) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">當</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26422"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.2(e)(1)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">估算之總氯離子含量超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#%E8%A1%A819.3.2.1" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>19.3.2.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定時,可以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14703">CNS 14703</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">測定硬固混凝土水溶性氯離子含量替代之。溶於孔隙溶液的氯離子會影響鋼筋或預埋鐵件腐蝕,為了估算會影響腐蝕的水溶性氯離子含量,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14703">CNS 14703</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">適用於混凝土水化作用後,某些材料如粒料之氯離子並不以水溶性氯離子形式存在,甚至某些氯一開始解離時會被膠結材料水化作用固結,未溶於水的氯被認為不會加速預埋鐵件腐蝕。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(g) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">承包商可能選擇未列於設計圖說之施工法,有鑑於混凝土接觸免拆鍍鋅鋼模可造成的危害,在此要求之氯離子含量限制可能較設計圖說更嚴格。例如某構材原設計圖說規定最大氯離子含量為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,若使用免拆鍍鋅鋼模</span>,將須更嚴格的限制氯離子上<span face="'新細明體',serif">限為0.3 %<strike>之混凝土水溶性氯離子含量最大容許值為</strike></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><strike>0.15 `kg//m^3`</strike></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(h)</b> <a href="#ASTMC567">ASTM C567</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供兩種測試穩定後密度的方法。為量測穩定後密度,試樣要維持在溫度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">23</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和相對溼度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">50 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">直到質量為定值,此量測過程耗時超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個月,或者逕由烘乾試樣密度迅速推算穩定後密度。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計者可要求依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC567">ASTM C567</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定量測穩定後密度。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.3 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌成物配比</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2643"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span>解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">有別於前版規範,本版不包括對混凝土配比的統計要求。因為訂定混凝土拌成物配比並非設計者的</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">責任,故從本規範中移除。此外,該資訊可在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">其他文件取得,如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span> </p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.4.3.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26431"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應建立混凝土拌成物配比,使混凝土符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:</span></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>可順利澆置包裹鋼筋且不產生析離。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;">(2) 符合設計圖說之耐久性要求。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">符合標準養護試體之強度試驗要求。</span></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依設計圖說要求測試混凝土之彈性模數時,應符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(iii)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">項規定:</span></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">測定彈性模數須從同一混凝土樣品製作至少三個圓柱試體,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天或在指定之齡期測試,並計算平均值。</span></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於測定彈性模數之圓柱試體,須按</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1230">CNS 1230</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">製作及養護,再依據相關規定試驗。</span></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(iii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌成物之彈性模數量測值大於或等於規定值,應被判定為可接受。</span></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌成物之配比,應依據設計圖說相關規定,或設計者可接受之替代方法來建立。此替代方案採用之混凝土拌成物配比強度試驗紀錄應為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">24</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個月內之數據。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於混凝土拌成物配比之混凝土材料,應與預定工程使用者相當。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果不同混凝土拌成物用於工程中之不同部分,每一拌成物皆應符合設計圖說所載之混凝土拌成物要求。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) 應建立噴凝土配比,使噴凝土符合下列(1)至(3)之規定:</span></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>可順利包裹鋼筋且不產生析離。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div>(2) 符合設計圖說之耐久性要求。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">符合噴凝土強度試驗要求。</span> </div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本節提供開發拌成物配比的要求。混凝土要求具有工作性,且符合本規範耐久性和強度的要求。“無析離”係指混凝土在新拌狀態下,粒料保持均勻分布並具凝聚性的拌成物。泌水被認為是某種型式的析離。需要之工作性取決於鋼筋密集程度、構材幾何形狀,以及使用澆置和搗實方法。選定所需混凝土工作性宜考量承包商的施工需求。<br /></span> 選用水膠比須夠低,或輕質混凝土的抗壓強度須夠高,以符合強度標準規定和特殊暴露歸類的要求。本規範不包括特殊嚴苛暴露環境的條款,例如接觸化學品、高溫、施工期間短期的凍融、磨損條件或其他結構相關的特殊耐久性考量。本規範亦未觸及美觀的考量,如表面修飾。如須適用這些項目,宜在設計圖說中具體載明。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 標準養護試體的強度試驗要求,規定於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26123"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span> 混凝土因其使用目的之不同,可能對其強度、耐久性、工作性、耐磨性等性能而有特別要求,因此有「高性能混凝土」等名詞出現,以表示某些特別性能之提升。設計使用該等混凝土構造時,宜另遵循適當之特別設計規範或經評估適用後仍依本規範各章節之規定設計。該等混凝土之配比、品質及施工等宜作特別規定。<br /> 混凝土之工作性、耐久性與強度均相互關聯,本節規定配比須同時符合此三項要求。傳統上,工程師常以強度作為混凝土配比之主要要求,但近年來發現混凝土之耐久性已成為設計之關鍵,其要求之水膠比常低於強度所需要,故有耐久性顧慮者宜優先考量耐久性要求。</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a)(4) </span></b><span face="'新細明體',serif">為了證明混凝土拌成物能達成規定的彈性模數,可能需要參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC469">ASTM C469</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">進行彈性模數試驗,而同時規定彈性模數</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Ec</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">值和測試齡期是必要的。施工中經試驗確認混凝土是否達到規定的彈性模數則由設計者研判,包括決定允收標準。監造單位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">主管建築機關</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">也可能會要求現地試驗。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌成物配比的建立,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">4.2.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節之規定,或設計者可接受的替代方法。採替代方案時,標準養護試體強度通過驗收測試之機率,宜符合或超出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">4.2.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節所定方法的機率。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">4.2.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節包含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">前版規範所提出之統計程序以選擇要求平均強度。另外,混凝土製造商亦可提出證據以取得設計者接受,證明混凝土可藉由其他的配比方式,滿足專案要求和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26123"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的允收準則。本規範假設不符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26123"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之允收準則的或然率不大於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的配比方法,可將風險保持在這個水準。評估任何替代配比方法的關鍵因素,在於是否能維持此風險水準的能力。參閱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,以了解更多資訊。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果專案中有一種以上的混凝土拌成物,則每種拌成物均需要滿足本規範的要求。改變混凝土的成分,如膠結材料、粒料或摻料的來源或類型,即視為不同的拌成物。因應現場條件而小改變拌成物配比,可不視為新的拌成物。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 設計圖說中對混凝土拌成物的要求,規定於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26421"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span> 本規範強調混凝土配比的首選方式為現場的拌製經驗或試驗室試拌。<br /> 經長期之驗證,目前已普遍接受使用適量之卜作嵐材料以增進混凝土之耐久性。若大量使用卜作嵐材料而忽略其對混凝土早期強度、泌水、工作性的影響,則可能產生裂縫及其他未能預期之不良效果,反而不利於結構物之耐久性,故卜作嵐材料的使用量應經驗證。混凝土耐久性設計亦需考慮拌和水量的使用。採用較高水量時,對工作性有利,但會降低混凝土耐久性。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 暴露等級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">F3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以外之混凝土配比要求,可遵循行政院公共工程委員會頒佈之「公共工程飛灰混凝土使用手冊」與「公共工程高爐石混凝土使用手冊」。考量目前台灣燃煤飛灰品質及施工品管水準,建議除另有規定外,公共工程用混凝土摻用飛灰之限制應按該等手冊之規定辦理,注意飛灰之品質、穩定性、施工及養護事項。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 本規範允許使用符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS12549">CNS 12549</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之「水淬高爐爐碴粉」作為結構用混凝土之輔助性膠結材料,其他如電弧爐煉鋼爐碴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">石</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等材料僅限用於「經濟部事業廢棄物再利用管理辦法」附表所列舉之項目。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.4.4 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌成物特性之文件</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2644"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.4.4.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土使用前和變更已使用之拌成物前,其特性證明文件須送交設計者審核。證明文件中應包括能符合設計圖說對新拌和硬固混凝土拌成物要求之證明,該證明應包括曾使用過之相同混凝土拌成物,依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26121"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.1.1<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之連續強度試驗紀錄或實驗室之試拌。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若無現場或實驗室試驗數據,且</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`fc^'`≤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">350 `kgf//cm^2`[35 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,則經設計者核可,混凝土配比應根據其他經驗或資料決定。若</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`fc^'` >350 `kgf//cm^2`[35 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,則須提供試驗數據以證明提議之拌成物特性。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工階段可允許調整混凝土拌成物,使用前應提交佐證資料給監造者審核,證明其可符合設計圖說要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土拌成物使用前和變更已准用之拌成物前,噴凝土拌成物之特性證明文件須送交監造者審核,證明文件中應包括提議之拌成物能符合設計圖說之要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">審查混凝土拌成物是必要的,可確保其對專案的適用性,及符合所有由設計者所指定的強度和耐久性要求。通常設計者,藉審核混凝土拌成物的文件,評估混凝土是否符合第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定之強度試驗驗收要求,和是否使用可接受的材料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">討論的統計學原理,可應用在評估該拌成物是否符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26123"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之強度試驗要求。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 設計圖說中對混凝土拌成物的要求,詳如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26421"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`fc^'` </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">≤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">350 `kgf//cm^2`[35 MPa] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">且無法獲得試驗數據時,混凝土拌成物宜建立產生夠高平均強度的配比,使混凝土不滿足強度允收準則的可能性,維持在可接受的低標準。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供適當平均強度的指引,本條款的目的是當混凝土供應非預期中斷,且沒有足夠的時間進行測試和評估時,仍允許施工可持續進行。本條款也適用於小型計畫,因其試拌成本支出是不合理的。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">專案執行期間有時候調整拌成物是必要的或有益的,可能導致調整拌成物的情況包括混凝土材料</span>改變、季節溫度波動、或改變混凝土輸送和澆置方法。此外,可適當要求調整拌成物倘若強度試驗結果高於或低於要求。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 設計圖說中對混凝土拌成物的要求,詳如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26421"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.4.2.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定。</span></p>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土生產與施工</span></span></h2><h1><a name="_26.5_混凝土生產與施工"></a></h1>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌和、裝卸、運輸和澆置的詳細建議可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI304">ACI 304R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5.1 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土生產</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2651"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.1.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">膠結材料和粒料應適當貯存,以防止劣化或污染。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">已劣化或被污染之材料,不得使用於混凝土中。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌和及運輸設備應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預拌及場拌混凝土應依照</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">計量、拌和與運送之規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c)</b> <a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">說明用於生產混凝土設備的操作要求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d)</b> <a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">為預拌混凝土規範,主要是利用質量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">重量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">稱量原料,及採批次生產,這是常見的混凝土生產方法,亦常用於預鑄混凝土廠。此規範訂定拌和機容量、計量裝置準確度、批次生產準確度、拌和及運送之規定,及評估拌和混凝土均勻性試驗。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5.2 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土澆置和搗實</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2652"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.2.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土澆置空間之碎片和冰,應在澆置前清除。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除使用特密管或經設計者及主管單位允許外,混凝土澆置前應清除澆置處之積水。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">從拌和機到最終澆置位置之混凝土輸送設備,應具備達到混凝土澆置要求之能力。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">不得使用鋁或鋁合金管泵送混凝土。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) 混凝土澆置應符合下列(1)至(5)之規定:</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>在澆置地點,應有適當之混凝土供料速率。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">(2) 供料速率能讓混凝土在任何時候具有足夠工作性,能依預定方法搗實。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">材料不析離或損失。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">連續澆置不可中斷過久,以免導致混凝土失去工作性而形成冷縫。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">(5) 卸料儘可能接近最終澆置位置,以免再搬動或流動而產生析離。 </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土受污染或失去初始工作性,導致無法使用預定方法搗實時,此混凝土不得使用。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除設計者另有限制外,根據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之限制條件可容許重拌混凝土。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土澆置開始後應連續作業,直到完成由預定邊界或工作縫所形成之一個板塊或區域。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">澆置過程中,混凝土應以適當方式在鋼筋和埋設物周圍及模板角落搗實。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(j) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施噴新一層噴凝土前,鄰近施噴處回彈之噴凝土或溢噴部分須先移除。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(k) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">清除溢噴和回彈部分之噴凝土不納入工程內。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(l) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">欲二次施噴之噴凝土表面須在終凝前處理粗糙度達</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">6 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(m) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在硬固噴凝土表面澆置額外材料前,須清除浮漿、清潔接縫、並潤濕表面。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(n) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">現場新施噴噴凝土若有下垂、垂流、析離、蜂窩、或砂袋時須清除並重新施噴。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(o) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應由合格噴凝土操作員施噴全部之噴凝土。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(p) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若專案特別要求製作噴凝土格板模型,噴凝土操作員須證明有能力施噴認可之噴凝土格板模型,並經監造者核可。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">於澆置混凝土前清潔模板內部,特別是可能積存在模板內部之鋸屑、釘子、木片和其他碎片,需予以清除。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本節提到的特密管不是一個短管或象鼻管,為一種全深度管用於依認可程序澆置水中混凝土。關於使用特密管澆置混凝土的資訊,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI304">ACI 304R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本規範要求混凝土裝卸和運輸設備能夠在所有條件和澆置方法下,連續且可靠的在澆置處提供混凝土材料。此適用於所有的澆置方法,包括:泵送、皮帶輸送機、氣動系統、單輪手推車、四輪車,起重機吊桶和特密管。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果混凝土使用鋁或鋁合金製泵送管泵送,水泥中鹼質會與管內面受磨損的鋁反應會產生氫氣,導致強度損失,研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Newlon and Ozol 1969)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">證實可導致強度降低達</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">50 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。因此,鋁或鋁合金的設備不宜用於泵送管線、特密管或混凝土拌和車卸料短槽以外之導槽。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土供料速率宜與澆置設備容量和作業能量相配合。混凝土供料快於澆置設備和作業能量可容納時,會使混凝土在設備內等待卸料,導致其工作性損失。混凝土供應過度延遲,亦可能導致先前澆置的混凝土變硬及形成冷縫。<br /></span> 混凝土裝卸和傳輸的每個步驟都需要被控制,以使每個批次內及各批次間保持均勻性。減少粗粒料從水泥砂漿中,或水從其他成分中析離是重要的。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 從運載車輛卸料至澆置點,長距離之重新裝卸或運輸混凝土,會導致材料析離。本規範因此要求混凝土卸料應儘量接近其最終位置。然而,自充填混凝土拌成物具有較長的流動距離,仍可保持最少析離的穩定性,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI237">ACI 237R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供自充填混凝土的指引。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(g)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">只要不違反規定之最長拌和時間和水膠比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (w/cm) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">限制,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允許混凝土卸料前加水拌和,使其達到規定的坍度範圍。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(i)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土搗實的詳細建議,詳見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI309">ACI 309R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,該指引介紹關於搗實機理資訊,並提供各種類型混凝土拌成物搗實設備特性和作業程序建議。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(j)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土回彈部分是其與模板、鋼筋、或硬固噴凝土碰撞而鬆動的粒料和水泥漿。溢噴混凝土是指附漿體材料施噴時由噴嘴分離而黏附在鋼筋及模板,相鄰表面必須加以保護溢噴。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(n)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">倘若噴凝土因稠度不佳、鄰近振動、或不當修飾導致垂流,該部分應予以移除並重新施噴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI5064">ACI 506.4R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">有更詳盡的噴凝土修補建議。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(o) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">操作員經講習、訓練、考試及實作評量取得資格。噴凝土操作員宜經符合乾拌和濕拌噴凝土之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">認證計畫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (CCP 660.1-15)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5.3 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">養護</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2653"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.3.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若需要現場養護試體額外輔助性試驗以驗證養護及保護之合適度時,要有這些輔助性試驗之試體數量、尺度和試驗頻率。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5.3.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求</span></b></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><a name="S26532"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">非早強混凝土除採用加速養護外,澆置後溫度應保持在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [283 K] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以上和潮濕條件下至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">早強混凝土除採用加速養護外,澆置後溫度應保持在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [283 K] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以上和潮濕條件下至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) 可使用高壓蒸氣、常壓蒸氣、熱濕氣、熱水或其他經設計者核可之方式,以加速養護方法來加速混凝土強度成長及縮短養護時間。若使用加速養護時,須遵守(1)和(2)之規定:</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>考慮載重階段之抗壓強度應至少為該載重階段所需要之強度。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">(2) 加速養護不得損害混凝土之耐久性。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) 若主管單位或設計者有所要求,除標準養護圓柱試體之試驗結果外,應提供根據下列(1)和(2)規定養護之圓柱試體試驗結果。</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>須與標準養護圓柱試體之同時間及同樣品中,模製至少2個直徑15 cm高30 cm,或3個直徑10 cm高20 cm現場養護圓柱試體。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">現場養護圓柱試體應根據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1231">CNS 1231</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之現場養護程序進行養護,並依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1232">CNS 1232</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定進行試驗。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="S26532E"></a>(e) 如符合下列(1)或(2)之規定,混凝土保護和養護程序應視為適當:</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>於規定 <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>之試驗齡期,現場養護圓柱試體之平均強度,至少達標準養護圓柱試體強度之85 %。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span>試驗齡期之現場養護圓柱試體平均強度至少超過<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>達35 `kgf//cm^2`[3.5 MPa]</blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">。 </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) 噴凝土養護須符合下列(1)至(3)之規定:</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span>於噴凝土施噴完成後24小時內,以下列方法擇一作初期養護。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">i. 圍水、噴霧、或連續灑水。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">ii. 以吸水毯、膠布或其他披覆持續保持潮濕。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">iii. 使用養護劑在表面形成一層膜片。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span>於噴凝土施噴完成後24小時之後,以下列方法擇一作後期養護。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">i. </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">沿用初期養護方法。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ii. </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以木板材料覆蓋。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">iii. </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">其他可持續保濕之披覆。</span> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後期養護持續時間如下。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">i. 7</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">日。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ii. 3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">日,倘若使用高早強水泥或添加早強劑。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 混凝土養護的詳細建議,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI308">ACI 308R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,此指引提供適當養護的基本原理,並介紹混凝土養護的各種方法、程序和材料。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本節規定適用於預鑄或場鑄構材之加速養護方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#PCIEB00115">EB001.15</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#PCIMNL116">PCI MNL-116</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#PCIMNL117">PCI MNL-117</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供加速養護的一般資訊。特別注意加速養護的程序,以獲得均勻且滿意的結果。在養護過程中,防止水分損失是必要的。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 加速養護混凝土後期的抗壓強度,相較於在適當溫度及潮濕條件下連續養護之相同混凝土,其抗壓強度值會較低。此外,加速養護試體的彈性模數</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`E_c`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">與在常溫潮濕下養護之試體不同。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依現場條件養護之圓柱試體強度,可能被要求用以評估結構中混凝土養護和保護的適當性。<br /> 本規範在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26532E"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.5.3.2(e)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供特定標準,用於判斷對結構養護和保護的適當性。為進行有效的比較,現場養護圓柱試體和標準養護圓柱試體需要從同一樣品製作。現場養護圓柱試體的養護條件,要儘可能近似結構物之環境條件。現場養護圓柱試體之環境條件,不宜比其代表的結構構材更為良好。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 評估現場養護圓柱試體的試驗結果,宜認知即使圓柱試體之保存狀況與結構相同,試體可能無法經</span>歷與結構混凝土相同的溫度歷程。溫度歷程的差異,係因圓柱試體與結構構材的水化熱有不同的消散行為。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">研究顯示</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Bloem 1968)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,如果兩者都在指定</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>之同一齡期試驗,模擬現場妥善保護和養護的圓柱試體,其強度至少是標準養護圓柱試體的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">85%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。因此,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">85%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的值被設定為判斷現場養護是否適當的合理基礎。這是比較現場養護圓柱試體和標準養護圓柱試體的量測強度,而不是現場養護圓柱試體的強度和規定的</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>值之間的比較。如果現場養護圓柱試體的強度超過</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`fc^'` </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">達</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">35 `kgf//cm^2` [3.5 MPa] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以上,即使未能達到比較的標準養護圓柱試體強度的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">85%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,其現場養護圓柱試體的試驗結果仍視為適當。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">85%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的標準是基於假設混凝土澆置後,至少前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天保持高於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [283K] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和潮濕的條件;或高早強混凝土澆置後至少前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天保持高於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [283 K] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和潮濕的條件。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 如果依前述比較,現場養護圓柱試體無法提供令人滿意的混凝土強度,則需要改善養護的方法。如果試驗顯示混凝土結構的強度嚴重不足,不論結構體有無採用濕養護輔助,都需要按</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26124"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.4<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">辦理鑽心試驗來評估結構強度的適當性。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若使用養護劑,由於多數噴凝土表面比較粗糙,劑量通常要高於製造商建議值。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S2654"></a>26.5.4 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">冷天混凝土施工</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 冷天係指連續三天以上,氣溫維持下列狀況:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">每日平均氣溫低於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [278K]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在任一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">24</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">小時時段內,均無超過半數</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (1/2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">時間之氣溫高於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [283K]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,可參考土木</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">402-94a</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">「混凝土工程施工規範與解說」。溫度過低會減緩或中止水泥水化作用,造成嚴重的強度損失。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 冷天混凝土施工的詳細建議載於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI306">ACI 306R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3061">ACI 306.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供冷天混凝土施工的要求。如果</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在設計圖說中同時引用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3061">ACI 306.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,宜註明何者優先採用。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.4.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">冷天運送時混凝土之溫度限制。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> <a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI306">ACI 306R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">根據斷面尺度提出對混凝土溫度的要求與建議。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.4.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在冰凍或接近冰凍之氣候,應有適當之設備來加熱混凝土材料與保護混凝土。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">不得使用冷凍或含冰之材料。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板、填充料及地面等與混凝土接觸者,應無凍結和冰。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應選擇混凝土材料和生產方法,使混凝土運送時之溫度符合規定溫度限制。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S2655"></a>26.5.5 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">熱天混凝土施工</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 熱天係指下列狀況之任一種組合,而致新拌或硬固混凝土之品質,因水份損失速率及水泥水合速率之增快,或其他有害因素,而造成不利之影響:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高氣溫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高混凝土溫度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">低相對濕度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">風速</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (5) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">陽光照射。<br /><br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 熱天混凝土施工的詳細建議載於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI305">ACI 305R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,其中定義高溫氣候響混凝土性能和施工實務上的因素,並建議採取的措施,以消除或減少不良影響。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3051">ACI 305.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供在熱天混凝土施工的要求。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.5.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">熱天運送時混凝土之溫度限制。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> <a href="#ACI301">ACI 301</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3051">ACI 305.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">限制澆置時最高混凝土溫度為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [308 K]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.5.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應選擇混凝土材料和生產方法,使混凝土運送時之溫度符合規定溫度限制。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">裝卸、澆置、保護和養護方法應限制混凝土溫度或水分蒸發,以避免降低構材或結構之強度、使用性和耐久性。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S2656"></a>26.5.6 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工縫、收縮縫及隔離縫</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 對於結構的整體性,重要的是結構中的接縫宜依據設計需求設置及施工。與設計圖說指示接縫位置有任何偏移,宜經設計者核准。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 施工縫或其他接縫的位置,宜設在造成結構弱化最小處。設計時對於接縫需額外考量側向力之設計。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.6.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果設計需要,應標示施工縫、隔離縫和收縮縫之位置和細節。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求通過施工縫傳遞之剪力和其他力量之細節。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">表面前置處理,包括在既有硬固混凝土上澆置混凝土前之表面粗糙處理。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">軋製鋼材和混凝土之間用擴頭釘或銲接鋼筋來傳遞剪力之位置,其鋼材須保持清潔、無漆。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若要在預鑄樓板或屋頂上現場澆置合成覆面板,使之與預鑄構材結構性結合,表面處理包括設定之粗糙度。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土施工縫位置許可使用直角施工縫(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">square joint</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">)。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">需要傳遞力量處,可以使用剪力榫、間隔剪力榫、斜向榫釘或剪力摩擦。若設計中依第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">22.9</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節在接縫處考量剪力摩擦,則在設計圖說中敘明適用的施工要求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若依據第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">22.9</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定所設計的剪力摩擦和結構牆施工縫的接觸面,宜進行表面前置處理。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於剪力摩擦設計的參考位置係依照第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">22.9</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.6.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26562"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未顯示接縫位置或細節,或不同於設計圖說所載,應提送設計者審核。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除預力混凝土外,樓板和屋頂系統之施工縫應設置於樓板、梁和大梁跨度中間三分之一範圍內,否則須經設計者核准。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除經設計者核准外,大梁施工縫應距離橫交梁面至少兩倍橫交梁寬。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">新混凝土澆置之前,施工縫應進行清潔和移除乳沫。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除另有規定外,混凝土施工縫表面應刻意粗糙處理。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">新混凝土即將澆置前,施工縫應預濕和清除積水。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土施工縫應切割成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">45</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">度傾斜於完成面,除非設計圖說指定使用直角施工縫。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土施工縫選定位置若未標示在設計圖說時,施噴前應提交給設計者認可。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若設計者未指定接縫位置,承包商宜提交施工縫位置予設計者審查,以確定所建議的位置不影響結構性能。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後拉法連續板和梁的鋼腱,通常沿跨度方向施預力,鋼腱布設於混凝土斷面的形心處,或接近形心處。因此,內部施工縫通常位於跨度兩端</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">內,而不是在跨度中間的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">內。施工縫位於連續後拉法預力板和梁跨度兩端</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">內,已有長久良好的表現紀錄,因此,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26562"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.5.6.2(b)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定不適用於預力混凝土。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5.7 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土構材之施工</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2657"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.5.7.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計</b>資訊:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">因應由預力、潛變、收縮和溫度產生尺度變化之細節要求。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">確定地面板是否設計成一結構橫膈板或地震力抵抗系統之一部分。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計為一體之傾斜式或階梯式基腳之施工細節。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依照第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節樓板和柱混凝土需進行整合澆置之位置。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依照第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">9.6.3.1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節需要抗剪鋼纖維混凝土之位置。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">地面板可能設計為結構橫膈板或基礎間的繫材。設計圖說宜清楚說明哪些地面板是結構橫膈板並註記除非經設計者認可,禁止鋸切或設置施工縫。除非經過修補,否則施工縫足以影響板的完整性及其作為結構橫膈板的功能。詳見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26572"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.5.7.2(d)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.5.7.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求:</span></b></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26572"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">由牆或柱所支撐之梁、大梁或樓板,應等到垂直支撐構材之混凝土不再是塑性時,再行澆置。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除非設計圖說另有規定,否則梁、大梁、托肩、柱頭板、剪力帽蓋和柱冠應一體澆置成為樓板系統之一部分。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在樓板和柱混凝土需要整合澆置之位置,柱混凝土應以全樓板厚由柱面向樓板延伸至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.6 m</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,使其與樓板混凝土結合。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除經設計者指示或核准外,設計圖說中標明為結構橫膈板或地震力抵抗系統之地面板不允許鋸切,或有任何足以影響結構完整性之施工縫。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在柱和牆支撐構材處延遲澆置混凝土是必要的,如此可減少支撐構材混凝土在塑性狀態時之泌水和沉陷,造成樓板與支撐構材連接處可能的裂縫。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果設計圖說已標示且依第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">22.9</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定要求傳遞力量,則樓板和梁、托肩或類似構件允許分開澆置。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節描述在樓板系統中使用兩種不同混凝土拌成物的澆置步驟。在設計圖說中表示高、低強度混凝土的澆置位置,是設計者的責任。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">此限制適用於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2657"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.5.7.1(b)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">認定之結構橫膈板。</span></p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋材料和施工要求</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.6_鋼筋材料和施工要求"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.1 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">通則</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2661"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.1.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">編號和鋼筋等級,以及<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S20225">第20.2.2.5節</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">適用特殊耐震系統之規定。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">可銲接性或耐震構材用。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">型式、尺度、位置要求、細節以及鋼筋埋設長度。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋之混凝土保護層厚度。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">搭接之位置和長度。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">機械續接之型式和位置。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">端部對接之型式和位置。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">銲接續接和其他鋼筋要求銲接之型式和位置。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">非預力鋼筋保護塗布之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">編號。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(j) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預計連接未來增建工程外露鋼筋之防蝕保護。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> <a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a> SD280</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">SD420</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋若符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S20225">20.2.2.5</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定,亦可作為特殊耐震系統之縱向鋼筋。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果可能,續接位置宜遠離最大拉應力。第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">25.5.2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節中的搭接要求,鼓勵這種做法。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(h) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">參見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2664"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.4<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.1.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應提交鋼筋製造廠之試驗報告</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">非預力鋼筋帶鐵銹、軋鋼鱗片或兩者皆有,若以手工鋼絲刷刷過之代表性試樣,符合適用之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">CNS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之最小尺度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">含竹節高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和單位長度重量,應認為適用。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預力鋼筋應無軋鋼鱗片、斑蝕及過多鐵銹,微量鐵銹得被允許。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土澆置時,鋼筋表面有損其握裹力之冰、泥、油或其他有害塗布物,應予以清除。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">關於鐵銹的特定限制是基於試驗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Kemp</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1968)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,再加上參考早期的試驗和建議。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Kemp</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1968) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供關於鐵銹和軋鋼鱗片對竹節鋼筋握裹特性影響的指引。研究顯示,正常的鐵銹可增加握裹力。通常的裝卸作業一般可除去會降低混凝土和鋼筋間握裹的疏鬆鐵銹。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c)</b> Sason (1992) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供評估鋼絞線生銹程度的指引。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允許依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2062"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>20.6.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">使用環氧樹脂塗布。用於無握裹鋼腱中預力鋼材的防蝕保護材料,非本條款所描述的污染物。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.2 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">配置</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><a name="S2662"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.2.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋位置許可差須考慮依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26621a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.2.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">d</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">值和規定混凝土保護層厚度許可差。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="表26621a"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.2.1(a) d </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">與規定保護層厚度許可差</span></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 88.46%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 4.85pt;">
<td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 4.85pt; padding: 0cm; width: 22.88%;" width="22%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="break-after: avoid; margin: 2pt 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: center;"><strong><em><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">d</span></em></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">, mm</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 4.85pt; padding: 0cm; width: 22.88%;" width="22%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="break-after: avoid; margin: 2pt 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: center;"><strong><em><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">d </span></em></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">許可差</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">,mm</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 4.85pt; padding: 0cm; width: 54.26%;" width="54%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="break-after: avoid; margin: 2pt 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">規定混凝土保護層</span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">厚度</span></strong><strong><span face="標楷體" lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"><br /> </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">許可差</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">, mm</span></strong><strong><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"> [1]</span></sup></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 9.6pt;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 22.88%;" width="22%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">£</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">200</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 22.88%;" width="22%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">10</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.12%;" width="27%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">取絕對值之較小者</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.14%;" width="27%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">10</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 9.6pt;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.14%;" width="27%">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 1.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">(1/3) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">´</span> <span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">規</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">定保護層厚度</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 9.6pt;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 22.88%;" width="22%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">></span> <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">200</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 22.88%;" width="22%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">13</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.12%;" width="27%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">取絕對值之較小者</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.14%;" width="27%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 1.7pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">13</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 9.6pt;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.14%;" width="27%">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm 2pt 1.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">(1/3) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">´</span> <span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">規</span><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">定保護層厚度</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[1] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">成型拱腹保護層許可差</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">6 mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.25pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">縱向鋼筋彎折和兩端位置許可差,依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26621b"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.2.1(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所示。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26621a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.2.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之混凝土保護層許可差亦應適用於構材不連續端。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -21.25pt;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="表26621b"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.2.1(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">縱向鋼筋彎折或端部位置許可差</span></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 89.4%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.05pt;">
<td style="background: white; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15.05pt; padding: 0cm; width: 50%;" width="50%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">彎折或鋼筋端部位置</span></strong></p>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15.05pt; padding: 0cm; width: 50%;" width="50%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">許可差</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">, mm</span></strong></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">不連續托架和梁托端部</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">13</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">其他構材不連續端</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">25</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">其他位置</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 2pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.5pt;">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;">50</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">特殊耐震系統構材之箍筋間距許可差規定如下:</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) +40 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或最小縱向鋼筋直徑之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">倍,取較小者。</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">75 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或構件斷面最小尺度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/12</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,取絕對值較小者。</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">間距調整應至多為兩件箍筋併排。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <a href="#ACI117">ACI 117</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">建立的總深度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板或成品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">許可差,及閉合箍筋、肋筋、螺箍筋和桁架彎曲鋼筋製造許可差,已為一般可接受的做法。當需要減少因許可差累積導致有效深度或保護層厚度過度減少時,設計者宜指定比本規範容許值更嚴格的許可差。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <a href="#表26621a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.2.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定源自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI117">ACI 117</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,但國內環境較為潮濕,若考量混凝土耐久性和防火的重要性,以及通常鋼筋之支撐方式,亦可考慮另訂較嚴格之許可差;應使用適當鋼筋間隔器控制規定之鋼筋保護層厚度,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26621a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.2.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定並不適用於鋼筋間隔器處。另成型拱腹最小淨距有更嚴格的許可差要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 預力混凝土可能需要有比本規範更嚴格的許可差要求,在這種情況下,設計圖說宜規定必要的許可差,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACIITG7">ACI ITG-7</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供了相關建議。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 本規範允許鋼筋置放時有效深度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">d</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的許可差,這直接關係到構材的撓曲和剪力強度。由於鋼筋的配置,與構材的邊緣和模板面相關,有效深度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">d</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">不易在現場量測。本規定為設計資訊的一部分,因為有效深度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">d</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的許可差,宜在構材設計強度中考慮,以維持構材之設計強度,另保護層的許可差亦宜同時提出。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 除有更嚴格的許可差需求外,宜參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI117">ACI 117</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求鋼筋配置的許可差。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">特殊耐震系統構材之箍筋間距許可差較一般嚴格,確保良好圍束以避免縱向鋼筋過早挫屈。間距調整不得造成三件箍筋緊貼碰觸在一起,以免保護層受力時容易剝落。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.2.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格要求</span></b></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">包括束筋在內之鋼筋應在要求之許可差內放置,並須固定以防止在混凝土澆置時偏移,致超出許可差要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">螺箍筋應為連續鋼筋或鋼線,以均勻間隔置放,且其扭曲變形不可超出指定尺度許可差。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">只有在設計圖說許可,或經設計者核准時,方可續接鋼筋。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">縱向柱鋼筋形成一個端部對接續接時,垂直端部支承面應為同軸對接。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋端部應為平整面,與鋼筋軸線垂直偏差在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">度內,於安裝後與完全密貼之誤差在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">度內。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">包括束筋在內的鋼筋,宜於模板內適當支撐,以防止因混凝土澆置或工人造成位移。束筋宜捆綁或固定在一起,以維持其水平或垂直的位置。梁肋筋宜以連續的鋼筋墊高器支撐在梁底模上。如果僅梁的縱向底筋有支撐,施工活動可能會弄鬆肋筋以及任何綁在肋筋上的梁頂層筋。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">螺箍筋宜以適當的螺距和幾何定位固定在適當位置,以防止在混凝土澆置過程中位移。本規範提出傳統使用間隔器固定組裝好的螺箍筋鋼筋籠,但也允許替代的安裝方法。如使用間隔器時,可應用以下的指引:小於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15.9 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">直徑之鋼筋或鋼線,當螺箍直徑小於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">500 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">時,至少使用兩個間隔器;螺箍直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">500</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">760 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,使用三個間隔器;螺箍直徑大於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">760 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,使用四個間隔器。使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15.9 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">直徑或更粗的鋼筋或鋼線,螺箍直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">600 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或更小,至少使用三個間隔器;螺箍直徑大於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">600 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,使用四個間隔器。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">端部對接續接幾乎已為柱垂直鋼筋專有。如果鋼筋在垂直向顯著傾斜,需特別注意,確保端部達到適度的維持面對面密貼。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">這些許可差係根據實務使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">D57</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋在內之全尺度構材試驗。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.3 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">彎折</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2663"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.3.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">非標準彎曲幾何規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">受限於幾何條件或是依第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">23.10</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節不連續區以壓拉桿模式設計具有彎曲鋼筋節點者,可能需要鋼筋之彎曲直徑大於表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">25.3.1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">25.3.2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定,這類非標準彎曲之尺寸宜標示在設計圖上。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.3.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除非經由設計者核准,鋼筋應於擺放定位前,先行冷彎完成。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除非在設計圖說中許可或經由設計者核准,部分埋入混凝土之鋼筋不准現場彎折。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">偏移的鋼筋應於置入模板前彎折。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工條件可能需要彎折已埋在混凝土中的鋼筋,這種現場彎折不宜在未經設計者授權下進行。設計圖說宜規定鋼筋是否允許冷彎或熱彎。鋼筋彎折宜循序漸進,並宜視需要予以矯直。<br /><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 試驗結果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Black 1973</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Stecich</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> 1984) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">顯示</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">SD280</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">SD420</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋可用等於或接近第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">25.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節所規定的最小直徑進行冷彎和矯直到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">90</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">度。如果遇到開裂或破損,加熱到最高溫度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">815</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C[1088 K]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">彎折,可避免其餘鋼筋發生這種情況。鋼筋在彎折或矯直過程中斷裂,仍可以在彎折區域外進行續接。<br /></span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 進行加熱的方式宜避免造成混凝土損壞。如果彎折區域距混凝土表面約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">150 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">內,可能需要做一些絕緣保護。鋼筋加熱宜由溫度指示蠟筆或其他合適的方式來控制,冷卻到至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">315</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C[588 K] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">前,加熱的鋼筋不宜進行人為冷卻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用水或吹氣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.4 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">銲接</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2664"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.4.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計者應依第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">16.5.6.3(a)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節設計托架或梁托前端之錨定鋼筋銲接細部。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.6.4.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所有非預力鋼筋銲接應符合設計圖說之要求或經由設計者核准,其材質應符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋符號含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">W</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">者或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">銲接鋼線網之規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除托架或梁托前端及其他經由設計者核准者外,交叉鋼筋銲接不得用於鋼筋組合。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 如果要求銲接鋼筋時,需要考慮鋼的可銲性和相容的銲接程序。銲接鋼筋各方面需求的規定,包括銲接程序的合格標準等,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 鋼材的可銲性是基於依鋼材的化學成分所計算的碳當量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (CE)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定一系列碳當量及鋼筋尺度的預熱和銜接溫度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">中有兩種公式計算碳當量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (CE)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">:僅考慮碳和錳元素的公式,是用於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以外之鋼筋;對於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋則有一個更完整的碳當量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (CE) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">計算公式。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋符號含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">W</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">者適用於需要控制其拉伸性能、銲接或兩者皆需之情況。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求的可銲接性係符合不超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.55%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的碳當量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (CE)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,並控制其化學成分。依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的要求,製造商需提報化學分析和碳當量</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <span lang="EN-US">(1991</span></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Gustafson </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> Felder)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。當使用符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求的可銲接性以外之鋼筋進行銲接,設計圖說宜明確規定製造廠試驗報告之內容,包括用於計算碳當量的化學分析結果。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 經常有需要銲接既有結構的鋼筋,卻無既有鋼筋的製造廠試驗報告可供參考,這種情況尤其常見於建築物改建或擴建,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">註明這種鋼筋需要以代表性的鋼筋進行化學分析,如果化學成分未知或無法獲得時,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a>4</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求需有最低的預熱。對於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以外之鋼筋,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">D19</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或更小號鋼筋最低需預熱至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">150</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [422 K]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">D22</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或以上鋼筋最低預熱至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">260</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [533 K]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。各種尺度之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS560">CNS 560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋所需的預熱溫度,為銲接規範表中碳當量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (CE) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.45%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.55%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">範圍所對應的最低預熱。特定鋼筋的銲接宜依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規範之規定執行。另外宜依其他狀況決定是否需要額外的預警,例如鋼筋的應力大小、破壞後導致的結果、由於銲接作業造成現有混凝土的熱損壞等。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定承包商要準備符合銲接規範要求的銲接程序規範</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (WPSs)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">附錄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">A</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">列有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">WPS</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所需顯示資料的建議表格。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <a href="#AWSD14">AWS D1.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">不包含鋼線對鋼線銲接、鋼線或銲接鋼線網銲接到鋼筋或鋼結構構件。如果專案中需要進行這類銲接,在設計圖說中宜規定該銲接要求或性能標準。如銲接冷拉鋼線,當鋼線被銲接加熱,銲接程序宜說明潛在的降伏強度損失和冷加工處理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">製造期間</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">時達到的延展性。如依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS6919">CNS 6919</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定,採機器和電阻銲製造的銲接光面鋼線和麻面鋼線,則這些潛在的擔心則不是問題。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">交叉鋼筋銲接時,因銲接點的冶金缺口效應,可能會嚴重弱化鋼筋。所以只有當銲接材料與銲接操作被持續控制合格性,才能安全地進行此項作業,例如製造銲接鋼線網。托架或梁托前端錨定鋼筋銲接細部詳見第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">16.5.6.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節解說。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.5 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">機械式續接</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2665"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.5.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">檢驗頻率</span></b></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接檢驗包含施工前性能試驗及施工中品質檢驗。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接施工前應出具最近試驗室辦理相同製造廠同型號續接組件之性能試驗合格報告,並經監造單位核准。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接施工期間施工廠商應全數執行外觀檢查,並依下表辦理工地取樣執行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.5.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之試驗。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="表26651"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.5.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械續接施工期間最低取樣頻率</span></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" width="208">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">試驗項目</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" width="293">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">第三類</span><span lang="EN-US">(SA</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或第二類</span><span lang="EN-US">(A</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">機械式續接</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">取樣頻率</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 136.85pt;" width="182">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">第一類機械式續接</span><span lang="EN-US">(B</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">取樣頻率</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" width="208">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">單向拉伸及滑動試驗</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" width="293">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">1/100</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 136.85pt;" width="182">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">1/100</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" width="208">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">重複負載及滑動試驗</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" width="293">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 136.85pt;" width="182">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">1/1000</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 155.7pt;" width="208">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">高塑性反復負載試驗</span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" width="293">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">1/1000</span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 136.85pt;" width="182">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">工地取樣須具有代表性,應由工地內已完成加工之鋼筋及續接組件中抽樣,並在工地比照實際施工程序完成組裝,送試驗室試驗合格後再澆置混凝土。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">工地取樣試驗結果不符</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.5.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定時,應依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS2608">CNS 2608</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定進行重驗,如重驗結果符合規定時,該批續接組件視為合格。若重驗結果仍不合格時,該批續接組件應予以拒收。重驗以一次為限。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">外觀檢查應包括位置、型式、密合度、同軸度等項目。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)(b)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接之品質管制包含材料與施工,選擇續接器廠商時,宜要求該續接器廠商出具最近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">年內試驗室辦理相同製造廠同型號續接組件之續接性能試驗合格報告,並經監造單位核准。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 材料進場施工前執行一組續接性能試驗,每一種續接型式與不同鋼筋強度等級之組合分別執行性能試驗,每一種續接型式與同一鋼筋強度等級、標稱直徑差未滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">8 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之組合,得以直徑較大者之性能試驗報告為代表。一組性能試驗包含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26651"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.5.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之試驗項目,各項目至少取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個試體。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 續接性能試驗之試體須與工地現場採用同一規格之材料及施工方法製作,具備材料證明並符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15560">CNS 15560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">相關規定。例如具有公母螺紋接頭之機械式續接所需之鎖固扭矩值、壓合式續接套管之油壓機具規格、砂漿填充式續接器或續接套管所需之充填砂漿強度及工作度等。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械續接組件進場各號數須分開取樣,每滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">100</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個至少取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">100</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個亦須取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,執行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.5.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">單向拉伸及滑動試驗;第三類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(SA</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或第二類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(A</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">機械式續接每滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1000</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個至少取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1000</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個亦須取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,執行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.5.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高塑性反復負載試驗;第一類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(B</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">機械式續每滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1000</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個至少取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1000</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個亦須取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,執行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.5.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">重複負載及滑動試驗。由於高塑性反復負載試驗或重複負載及滑動試驗已包含單向拉伸及滑動試驗,可合併檢驗不重複取樣。<br /></span> 本節所規定之抽樣頻率係參考國內工程習慣而定之最低量,設計單位或業主得視情況提高抽樣頻率,惟增加之試驗費用由買賣雙方約定之。選擇續接器或決定抽樣頻率時,可參考製造廠商之品管紀錄,具有良好品管紀錄之廠商,其產品品質較穩定;欠缺品管紀錄之廠商,其產品品質較不穩定,宜酌予提高取樣頻率。<br /> 鋼筋機械續接如需要摩擦銲接、擴頭滾牙或任何機械加工時,其品質受生產設備、製造程序及材料之影響較有疑慮,監造單位得被允許進入工廠檢查並抽樣送驗。填充式續接器或續接套管其鋼筋不需要加工較無疑慮,但仍應訂定施工說明書辦理填充料之試驗及檢查,例如填充砂漿品質受拌和水量、溫度、及時間影響其工作度及強度。<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">試體取樣、長度及準備依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15560">CNS 15560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">辦理,續接組件取樣紀錄包括工廠證明及主要尺度等,視需求記錄爐號及相關材料證明,續接組件宜在工地依實際施工程序完成組裝,並記錄於報告書。機械式續接使用砂漿或是其他水泥或樹脂系材料固結續接器與鋼筋時,依製造廠之使用規定準備試樣及養護。<br /></span> 續接組件進場檢驗是為了確保材料符合要求,原則上檢驗合格後方可進行鋼筋籠組立作業。若對於現場施工品質有疑慮時,得由已組立鋼筋籠切下續接器試體進行測試。<br /> 鋼筋預組立或預鑄工法可能無法切下或取出續接試體,宜提前取得同批材料依相同程序於工地現場同時組立製作樣品,例如螺紋式鋼筋續接器須使用與現場相同之程序鎖固,砂漿填充式續接器或續接套管宜使用與現場同時拌和之砂漿並以相同之方式充填,並以相同條件養護續接器試體直到測試齡期,以確保續接器施工品質符合要求。<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">外觀檢查包括位置、型式、密合情形、同軸度等項目,由施工廠商進行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">100%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之檢驗,監造進行抽驗。監造抽驗比例與抽驗不合格時之處理方式依契約之規定辦理。如契約未規定抽驗比例,則以至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">為宜。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 具有螺紋接頭之續接組件密合度須以扭力扳手抽驗,其扭矩值不得小於續接性能合格報告紀錄之標稱值,扭矩大小與螺紋接頭材質、外徑、牙形、牙高及牙距有關,一般螺紋預應力設計值約為材料規定降伏強度之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。施工中扭矩值抽驗數量不得低於該批產品數量之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,不合格部分須鎖緊至扭矩值之外,另再加倍抽驗直到合格為止。<br /></span> 外觀檢查不合格之續接部位,除不影響強度者得經監造單位核可之方法予以適當之修正或改善外,宜拆除或切斷重新續接。</p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.5.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允收準則</span></b></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26652"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接試驗應依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15560">CNS 15560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定辦理,惟指定負載、加載反復週次及循環週次等應依本節規定辦理。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">續接試體準備及裝置依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15560">CNS 15560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定辦理,續接試體在進行試驗前不得預拉。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接試驗合格標準如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.5.2</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所列。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除非另有規定,試體破壞模式如斷裂位置或鋼筋拔出等不作為等級判別或拒收之理由。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高塑性反復負載試驗過程如發生試體挫屈之現象,該試驗視為無效而非試體不合格。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="表26652"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.6.5.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接試驗性能合格標準</span></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">試驗項目</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.75pt;" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">加載程序</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">指標</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 206.35pt;" width="275">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">合格標準</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">第三類</span></strong></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span lang="EN-US">(SA</span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">第二類</span></strong></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span lang="EN-US">(A</span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">第一類</span></strong></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span lang="EN-US">(B</span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></strong></p>
</td>
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<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">單向拉伸及滑動試驗</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.75pt;" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">0 → 0.95 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em> → 0.02 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">→ </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拉至破壞</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">抗拉強度</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.25 <em>f<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">且</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> <em>f<sub>u</sub></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.25 <em>f<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">且</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> <em>f<sub>u</sub></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.25 <em>f<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">殘留滑動量</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">s</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">)<sub>1<em>c</em></sub></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.3 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.3 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.3 mm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.05pt;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 20.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">續接處外鋼筋之伸長率</span> <sup><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span></sup></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 20.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 9%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,鋼筋尺度</span><span lang="EN-US">D32</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以下</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 20.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4%</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 20.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34.25pt;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 34.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,鋼筋尺度</span><span lang="EN-US">D36</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以上</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">重複負載及滑動試驗</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.75pt;" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">0 → (0.95 <em>P<sub>y </sub></em>↔ 0.02 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em>) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US"> 30</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">回</span><span lang="EN-US">→ </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拉至破壞</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">抗拉強度</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.25 <em>f<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">滑動量</span> <span lang="EN-US">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">s</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">)<sub>30<em>c</em></sub></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.3 mm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">續接處外鋼筋之伸長率</span><sup><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span></sup></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">高塑性反復負載試驗</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.75pt;" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">0 → (0.95 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em> ↔ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">- </span><span lang="EN-US">0.5 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em>) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US"> 16</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">回</span><span lang="EN-US">→ (n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">y</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US"> ↔ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">- </span><span lang="EN-US">0.5 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em>) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US"> 8</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">回</span> <span lang="EN-US">→ (2n</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">y </span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">↔ </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">- </span><span lang="EN-US">0.5 <em>P<sub>y</sub></em>) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US"> 8</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">回</span> <span lang="EN-US">→ </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拉至破壞</span> <sup><span lang="EN-US">[2]</span></sup></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">抗拉強度</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.25 <em>f<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">且</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> <em>f<sub>u</sub></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.25 <em>f<sub>y</sub></em></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">且</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> <em>f<sub>u</sub></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">滑動量</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">s</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">)<sub>16<em>c</em></sub> – (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">s</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">)<sub>1<em>c</em></sub></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.3 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.3 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">滑動量</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">s</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">)<sub>24<em>c</em></sub></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.9 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.9 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">滑動量</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">d</span><em><sub><span lang="EN-US">s</span></sub></em><span lang="EN-US">)<sub>32<em>c</em></sub></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">£</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1.8 mm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.35pt;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">續接處外鋼筋之伸長率</span> <sup><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span></sup></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 9%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,鋼筋尺度</span><span lang="EN-US">D32</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以下</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4%</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 22.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" width="86">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">不適用</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.95pt;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 31.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.65pt;" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">³</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,鋼筋尺度</span><span lang="EN-US">D36</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以上</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[1] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">續接處外兩側鋼筋伸長率之較大值。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[2] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">第二類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(A</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">完成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">24</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">回後可拉至破壞;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`f_y` </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">≤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> 4,200 `kgf//cm^2` [420 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之鋼筋,塑性倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">n = 6</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`f_y`= 5,600 `kgf//cm^2` [550 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之鋼筋,塑性倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">n = 5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`f_y`= 7,000 `kgf//cm^2` [690 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之鋼筋,塑性倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">n = 4</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (c)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">經內政部建研所</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">李宏仁等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2017</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2020)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">彙整各方意見建議之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.5.2</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">適用於各等級鋼筋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.5.2</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的高塑性反復負載試驗程序之塑性倍率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">n</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">隨鋼筋強度等級調整,避免對於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">SD550W</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或更高強度等級鋼筋有過於嚴苛之情形,有關鋼筋強度等級在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">SD550W</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以上之機械式續接試驗性能合格標準之驗證,可參考內政部建研所研究報告</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">李宏仁等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2020)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 由於第三類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(SA</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">機械式續接被許可用於任何位置,包括地震時鋼筋可能降伏並承受多次反復非彈性應變之位置,因此需要較嚴格之施工品質檢驗。除續接處之強度及滑動量外,被續接鋼筋須能發展至規定之伸長率以確保破壞時具有適當之韌性。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 各項試驗依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS15560">CNS 15560</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定辦理,試驗裝置及加載程序如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#R26652"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">圖</span></span>R26.6.5.2</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所示。另為量測續接處外兩側鋼筋之伸長率,試驗前於續接器兩側之鋼筋上各刻劃兩個標示點,標示點距離續接器兩端或夾具均不得小於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">倍鋼筋標稱直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">db</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,此法可適用於各種樣式之機械式續接。被續接鋼筋之伸長率合格標準參考加州交通廳標準</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Caltrans 2015)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,第三類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(SA</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求鋼筋尺度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">D32</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或更小者至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">9 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,鋼筋尺度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">D36</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或更大者至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">6 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#R26652B">R26.6.5.2(b)</a> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">單向拉伸及滑動試驗程序中加載上限提高至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.95Py</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">較能有效地測試續接處之密合程度,而滑動量可接受值調整為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.3 mm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,可降低因續接組件瑕疵或量測系統誤差造成結果之誤判。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 高塑性反復負載試驗之當次滑動量依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#R26652E"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">圖</span></span>R26.6.5.2(e)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所示方法計算,取荷重在拉力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.50`P_y`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-0.25`P_y`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">壓力之間,由拉至壓及由壓至拉之相對軸向變形量,分別扣除該試體之彈性變形量,取兩者之平均值為當次滑動量。彈性變形以該試體加載</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.05`P_y`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.70`P_y`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之割線彈性勁度計算。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="R26652a"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6w1k4Z_JqpAokDjczfqQKdWCMRjbpRMeMy2xsuZ9q8YfybntdVcJLFeYixsIswttObqvxiAC02mgEdegUzCD4Y5ZXIibEKQJDcR4UcTCM7Qo23ICdyphMGkDFw7fdP5eBzG3ZFVpXJh7axOBW2ptRUQYiFTwYCdh7xIfqA4EvUOFqU8ofEtQI5VVa3SMe/s1052/%E5%9C%96R26.6.5.2(a).%E9%8B%BC%E7%AD%8B%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%BC%8F%E7%BA%8C%E6%8E%A5%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="852" data-original-width="1052" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6w1k4Z_JqpAokDjczfqQKdWCMRjbpRMeMy2xsuZ9q8YfybntdVcJLFeYixsIswttObqvxiAC02mgEdegUzCD4Y5ZXIibEKQJDcR4UcTCM7Qo23ICdyphMGkDFw7fdP5eBzG3ZFVpXJh7axOBW2ptRUQYiFTwYCdh7xIfqA4EvUOFqU8ofEtQI5VVa3SMe/s320/%E5%9C%96R26.6.5.2(a).%E9%8B%BC%E7%AD%8B%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%BC%8F%E7%BA%8C%E6%8E%A5%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif"><br /></span></div></div><span face="'新細明體',serif"><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">R26.6.5.2(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接試驗裝置</span></div></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif"><br /></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rTgd__w2ImGG3ADAVrlrFjTcmTJ_g9ZKusheT-vOEHBs4GzUlsMVwv70mvK6iXSSsNL110JKTbTAStEVLVCeD9e1JzXde__yAfJz91Q7Ca7syeOKXV9EShhbasyu7OpLtJLApY_f7d_zbFLmLZfJkTcbye_sY4puwx9wdq-i_5pYpO8EXgihcxOwo4gc/s668/%E5%9C%96R26.6.5.2(b).%E5%96%AE%E5%90%91%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%B8%E5%8F%8A%E6%BB%91%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="668" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rTgd__w2ImGG3ADAVrlrFjTcmTJ_g9ZKusheT-vOEHBs4GzUlsMVwv70mvK6iXSSsNL110JKTbTAStEVLVCeD9e1JzXde__yAfJz91Q7Ca7syeOKXV9EShhbasyu7OpLtJLApY_f7d_zbFLmLZfJkTcbye_sY4puwx9wdq-i_5pYpO8EXgihcxOwo4gc/s320/%E5%9C%96R26.6.5.2(b).%E5%96%AE%E5%90%91%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%B8%E5%8F%8A%E6%BB%91%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">R26.6.5.2(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">單向拉伸及滑動試驗程序</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif"><br /></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2qp27NkG2kZRQLVk5Qqm54eVS7DIGZtTklV04DE8R5ChyjhzoHrWcumx15YB88W9cFSR0pFJasSpzv1jwfINxEGdrx56p5gLCeIRuNyMWbOg4w_CWfe-DRvVJOQYCHJqlvqV3vuy1nm37MRP5eYuN1i1cufsOsw37TRGlom_7zxC9C0tMF0ob4HZT1o5O/s793/%E5%9C%96R26.6.5.2(e)%20%E7%95%B6%E6%AC%A1%E6%BB%91%E5%8B%95%E9%87%8F%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9C%96.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="793" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2qp27NkG2kZRQLVk5Qqm54eVS7DIGZtTklV04DE8R5ChyjhzoHrWcumx15YB88W9cFSR0pFJasSpzv1jwfINxEGdrx56p5gLCeIRuNyMWbOg4w_CWfe-DRvVJOQYCHJqlvqV3vuy1nm37MRP5eYuN1i1cufsOsw37TRGlom_7zxC9C0tMF0ob4HZT1o5O/s320/%E5%9C%96R26.6.5.2(e)%20%E7%95%B6%E6%AC%A1%E6%BB%91%E5%8B%95%E9%87%8F%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9C%96.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">R26.6.5.2(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">當次滑動量計算法示意圖</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a name="R26652"></a><span face="'新細明體',serif">圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">R26.6.5.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接試驗裝置及加載程序</span></p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.7 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土錨定</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.7_混凝土錨定"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.7.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">17.1.2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節,使用錨栓適用條件之評估和品質要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">錨栓型式、尺度、位置要求,有效埋設深度和安裝要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">錨栓型式、尺度、位置要求,用於發展第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">17.5.2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定之錨栓強度,以及依據第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10.7.6.1.6</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定柱頂或墩座安裝錨栓處之橫向鋼筋。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">剪力凸出物之型式、尺度、位置,用於發展第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">17.11</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節規定之剪力強度。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">基板預留孔尺度和位置,澆置混凝土或砂漿時用於檢查及排氣。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">17.9</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節,錨栓最小邊距。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於連接後續工程施工,其外露錨栓之防蝕措施。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於後安裝錨栓,用於依據第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">17.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節設計強度之相關參數,包括錨栓型式、混凝土強度、粒料種類、輕質混凝土種類、安裝扭力值、以及鑽孔前置作業要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於抗拉黏結式錨栓,依據第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">17.6.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節,用於設計特有握裹應力之相關參數,包括混凝土溫度範圍、安裝時混凝土濕度狀況、使用輕質混凝土類型、鑽孔和準備要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(j) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">抵抗持續拉力載重之水平或傾斜向上植入黏結式錨栓之確認。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(k) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3554">ACI 355.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或設計者制定之監造計畫,黏結式錨栓所需載重證明。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(l) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定黏結式錨栓安裝者所需認證,包含抵抗持續拉力載重之水平或傾斜向上植入黏結式錨栓。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計圖說中載明符合本規範錨栓規格之最低要求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後置黏結式錨栓之強度和變形能力驗收試驗參閱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3552">ACI 355.2</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3554">ACI 355.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,這些試驗假設錨栓參考製造廠商安裝指引</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (MPII) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">進行安裝。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">某些特定形式的錨栓對於孔徑、清潔程度、軸心方向、安裝扭矩值、裂縫寬度及其他等因素頗為敏感。此敏感度部分間接地納入在不同錨栓類型所指定值,視其安裝安全測試之部分結果而定。倘若錨栓元件有所改變亦或安裝程序偏離規定程序時,有可能導致錨栓無法符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3552">ACI 355.2</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3554">ACI 355.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之允收準則。</span></p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(g) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">由於黏結式錨栓的握裹強度易受安裝之影響,現場品質控制格外重要。設計圖說須提供設計所用特定握裹應力之相關參數,這些參數可能包括但不限於:</span>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">許可的錨栓安裝環境</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土乾燥或濕潤、混凝土溫度範圍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">許可的鑽孔方法。</span>
</blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(iii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">孔洞清潔程序之要求。</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(iv) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">錨栓型式和尺度範圍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">螺桿或鋼筋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 孔洞清潔係為避免鑽孔碎屑及粉塵妨害黏結。視製造廠商安裝指引</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (MPII)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、合格錨栓型式、以及現場條件而定,孔洞清潔可能包含以吸塵器清理孔內碎屑、空壓機械裝置清掃表面粉塵、以及最後通常以空壓機清空孔內任何殘留的粉塵及碎屑。倘若以濕式工法鑽孔,孔內可能潮濕積水需以空壓機吹乾,壓縮空氣不得含有油汙或水氣。對於安裝於濕潤混凝土</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">例如戶外淋雨的位置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的錨栓,鑽孔汙泥須以其他手段清除。在任何情況,產品製造廠商之安裝指引</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(MPII)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應清楚說明這些程序,倘若安裝程序未清楚地說明,請聯繫製造廠商。這些書面的安裝指引</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">包含安裝時混凝土溫度限制、可否有水、以及無氣泡黏著劑注射和養護之必要程序</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">是依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3554">ACI 355.4</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">執行評定黏結式錨栓系統組成的一部分。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(l) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">黏結式錨栓對於安裝方向頗為敏感。此敏感度再加上黏結式錨栓抵抗持續拉力載重之強度變異性時,需要經過認證的安裝人員執行安裝。認證作業也適用其他安全相關之應用,安裝人員可經測試及訓練計畫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">含</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI CCP 660.1-17</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">黏結式錨栓安裝人員認證計畫,或類似認證計畫定義之筆試及實作評量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">取得合格證照。非</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">認證黏結式錨栓安裝人員之許可與否由設計者認定。此外,安裝人員宜另由具合格黏結式錨栓系統的製造廠商處取得特定產品之訓練指引。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 類似或等效的安裝人員認證計畫,宜由公正客觀的公信機構以筆試和實作評量黏結錨栓安裝人員之</span>知識和技能。認證計畫宜反映市面上能買到的錨栓系統所需的安裝知識和技能,筆試之效果宜經過題目和答案的統計分析來校驗。等效的認證計畫宜提供可快速回應且精確的機制來查核定期更新的證書。</p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.7.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預埋錨栓及其附件和錨栓補強筋應依據設計圖說所示確實定位在模板內,澆置混凝土時應以適當手段搗實錨栓和錨栓補強筋周圍之混凝土。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在剪力凸出物周圍之混凝土搗實或灌漿是否恰當應利用基板檢查孔查驗。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後置式錨栓應依據製造廠之指示進行安裝。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後置式錨栓應由合格安裝人員安裝。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計圖說標示抵抗持續拉力載重之水平或傾斜向上植入之黏結式錨栓,應由認證合格人員安裝。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">黏結式錨栓安裝時混凝土齡期應至少在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">21</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天以上。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">製造廠商安裝指引</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (MPII) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">包含所有正確安裝後置式黏結錨栓的相關資訊,依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2671f"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.7.1(f)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2671g">26.7.1(g)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">其他要求可能適用於特定案例。而黏結式錨栓可能要應用相關要求,包括安裝者資格和檢查之要求。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">許多錨栓的性能特性視錨栓安裝適當與否而定,抵抗持續拉力載重之水平或是傾斜向上植入的黏結式錨栓,需要由具備黏結式錨栓系統和安裝程序之計畫認證合格人員進行安裝。施工人員可藉由通過認證計畫考核取得認證。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3554">ACI 355.4</a> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">黏結式錨栓在兩個混凝土強度範圍作試驗:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">175-280 `kgf//cm^2`[17.5-28 MPa] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">455-600 `kgf//cm^2`[45.5-60 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。一般而言,握裹強度受混凝土抗壓強度的影響不高,因此在具有最小抗壓強度的短齡期混凝土上安裝試驗,無法確保黏結式錨栓之設計性能,因此錨栓安裝時混凝土之最短齡期訂為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">21</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天。</span></p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.8 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">埋置物</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.8_埋置物"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.8.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">由設計者設計之埋設物類型、尺度、細節和位置。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">需垂直於預埋管之預埋鋼筋。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預埋管與其配件之規定混凝土保護層。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預計連接未來工程之外露埋設物防蝕保護。</span></p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S2682"></a><b>26.8.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未註明於設計圖說中之埋設物之類型、尺度、細節和位置,應提交設計者審核。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋁製埋設物應塗布或覆蓋,以防止鋁和混凝土間之反應,及鋁和鋼之電解作用。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未註明於設計圖說中之管材和管件,應設計能抵抗所面對之材料、壓力和溫度影響。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在混凝土達到規定抗壓強度前,除了不超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">32</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">°</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">C [305 K] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3.5 `kgf//cm^2` [0.35 MPa] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">壓力之水以外,應無液體、氣體或蒸氣存在管道中。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在實心板中,除了輻射加熱或融雪用者外,管道應設置於頂部和底部鋼筋之間。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">管線和管道應製作及安裝妥當,使鋼筋安置在規定位置後無需再行切割、彎曲或移動</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S2682"></a></p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.9 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預鑄混凝土附加要求</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.9_預鑄混凝土附加要求"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.9.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預鑄構材和界面構材之尺度許可差</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S2691B"></a>(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若由設計者設計,則包括承載因裝卸、儲存、運輸和安裝所需臨時載重之起重設備、埋置物及相關鋼筋等細節要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預鑄構材和連接元件在結構中的位置許可差及個別構材尺度許可差,在設計中是特別敏感的。為避免誤解,設計中使用的許可差宜在設計圖說中敘明。設計中可明訂標準工業許可差,而無需規定個別許可差。規定標準工業許可差的偏差是非常重要的。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="#S2662" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.6.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求的許可差,被認為是預鑄混凝土中鋼筋之最低接受標準。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACIITG7">ACI ITG-7</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供工業標準產品和安裝許可差,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI117">ACI 117</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供預鑄混凝土與場鑄混凝土介面的許可差。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">將構材吊起、搬運、移動時預埋於構材內之金屬配件,須足夠承受所需之安全荷重。「安全荷重」非單指金屬配件類之強度,應包括金屬配件於構材內之錨定或握裹強度,取其較小值。且吊裝用金屬配件,除承受單純的拉應力外,亦承受剪應力及彎曲應力等之複合應力。故設計吊裝用之金屬配件時,考慮可能發生的各種狀況,並具充分之安全性。吊裝用及組立用預埋金屬配件,宜符合設計圖說或說明所示之形狀及尺寸,並符合其使用目的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">臺灣混凝土學會</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> 2016a)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 若裝置、埋置物或相關鋼筋並非由設計者設計,則其細節宜依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S2692c"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.9.2(c)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定敘明於施工圖中。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.9.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">構材應標示其在結構中之位置、方向與製造日期。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">構材識別標記應與吊裝圖說一致。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若非設計者設計,則用以承載裝卸、儲存、運輸和安裝所需臨時載重之起重設備、埋置物及相關鋼筋,應提供設計細節。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">安裝過程中,預鑄構材和結構應予以適當支撐和橫撐,以確保適當之線形、強度和穩定性,直到完成永久連結。</span></p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若經設計者核准,混凝土在塑性狀態下埋入之埋置物應符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:</span></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">埋置物應從預鑄混凝土構材中突出,或保持外露以供檢查。</span></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">埋置物不需被鉤住或綁在混凝土內之鋼筋上。</span></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">當混凝土仍為塑性狀態時,埋置物應維持在正確之位置。</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應搗實埋置物周圍之混凝土。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>(c) </b></span>參見<a href="#S2691B">第26.9.1(b)節</a>解說,當設計是委由承包商負責,依設計者的選擇,可要求提交本條文規定之施工圖或計算書,或兩者皆提交。</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依施工手段和方法之責任分配,所有臨時安裝的連接、橫撐、支撐及這些工項的移除順序,宜註明在設計圖說或安裝圖說中。<br /></span> 預鑄構材之混凝土強度較一般現場澆置混凝土提早發展,決定支撐拆除時機時,可根據預鑄構材與上覆層之混凝土實際發展強度計算斷面性質,考慮構材之自重、施工活載重與經由上方支撐所傳遞之載重作用下,構材之計算應力不宜超過設計允許值。</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">許多預鑄產品依其製造方式,如鋼筋要在混凝土澆置前突出於混凝土外,且要固定鋼筋位置,雖然困難但非不可能。如有適當的預防措施,仍可在混凝土為塑性時,即置入水平剪力繫筋及埋入件。惟此規定並不適用於完全埋入的鋼筋,或被鉤住、連接到埋入鋼筋的埋置物件。</span></p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.10 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預力混凝土附加要求</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.10_預力混凝土附加要求"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.10.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預力之大小和位置。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼腱施拉順序。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計者選定之後拉預力錨定系統之類型、尺度、細節和位置。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#表26621a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">表</span></span>26.6.2.1(a)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,鋼腱和後拉預力套管安置之許可差。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">無握裹鋼腱、外置鋼腱、續接器、端部接頭、後拉預力端錨與錨定區之防蝕保護材料和細節。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">握裹鋼腱套管之要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">握裹鋼腱之灌漿要求,包括最高水溶性氯離子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`Cl^-`) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">含量不超過<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#S1941" target="_blank">第19.4.1節</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><strike>0.15 `kg//m^3`</strike></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">錨定裝置施拉預力的順序,會顯著的影響一般區域的應力。因此,不僅在最終完工階段考慮所有鋼腱的預力施拉順序,施工階段的施拉順序也非常重要。後拉預力鋼腱個別施拉順序組合及全部鋼腱造成之臨界爆裂力宜予以考慮。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">有關保護的建議,參見</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI4233">ACI 423.3R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">4.2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">4.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI4237">ACI 423.7</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3.4</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3.6</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">6</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">8.3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span>另可參閱<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S205142">第<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20.5.1.4.2</span>節</a><span face="'新細明體',serif">有關防蝕的要求。</span><br /> 可藉由許多方法達成腐蝕防護,宜針對所在的環境提供適用的鋼腱腐蝕防護。有些條件下,預力鋼筋需要由混凝土保護層或由金屬或塑膠套管內的水泥灌漿來保護;其他條件下,則允許使用塗料,如油漆或油脂保護。除外置後拉預力的設置只是為了提高其使用性外,防蝕方法宜符合建築技術規則的防火要求。<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">握裹鋼腱套管的要求規定可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#PTIM503">PTI M50.3</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#PTIM551">PTI M55.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(g) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">握裹鋼腱灌漿其他要求規定可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#PTIM551">PTI M55.1</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.10.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後拉預力錨定系統之類型、尺度、細節和位置如未標註於設計圖說中,應提交設計者審核。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼腱和後拉預力套管應放置在要求之許可差範圍內,並加以支撐以防止在混凝土澆置時位移超出許可差要求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">(c) 續接器應放置在經設計者許可之位置,閉合外套管應有足夠長度以允許必要之移動。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在預力鋼筋附近進行燃燒或銲接作業時,應確保預力鋼筋不遭受銲接火花、接地電流或溫度影響,導致降低鋼筋之材料性質。</span></p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施拉預力和摩擦損失,應依下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">方式驗證:</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">比較量測已施預力鋼筋之伸長量,與由試驗測定或製造商提報之彈性模數計算所得之伸長量。</span></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">使用已校準設備如液壓壓力計、荷重元或測力計來量測千斤頂力。</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除非經設計者核准,否則依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26102e"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.10.2(e)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定所得之預力值差異,如在先拉預力施工超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或後拉預力施工超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">時,其差異原因應予以查明和校正。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">因無法更換破損預力鋼筋導致之預力損失,除經設計者核准外,應不超過預力混凝土構材總預力之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果力量從先拉法預力床之錨定裝置轉移到混凝土係採用火焰切割預力鋼筋,則切割位置和切割順序之選擇,應避免在先拉預力構材中產生臨時應力。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">較長之外露先拉預力鋼絞線應在構材附近進行切割,以減少對混凝土的衝擊。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(j) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後拉預力結構之預力鋼筋,為單絞索或預力鋼棒時,應待混凝土抗壓強度至少為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">175 `kgf//cm^2` [17.5 MPa] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">才可施拉預力,為多絞索鋼腱時,混凝土抗壓強度至少為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">280 `kgf//cm^2`[28 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,或依需要之更高強度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26102k"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.10.2(k)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供這些強度要求之例外規定。</span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(k) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,得允許比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26102j"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.10.2(j)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求低之混凝土抗壓強度:</span></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">使用超大錨定裝置來補償較低之混凝土抗壓強度。</span></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預力鋼筋施加之預力未超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">50%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">有效預力。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">先拉預力施工</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的許可差反映生產這些構材的經驗,因為先拉結構的預力鋼筋通常在空氣中施預力,摩擦效應最小,所以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的許可差是合理的。對於後拉預力施工,則允許稍高的許可差。有一些影響後拉預力施工伸長量量測的因素,在先拉預力施工中比較不明顯或不存在。後拉預力裝置中沿預力鋼筋的摩擦,因鋼腱及混凝土澆置時發生的鋼腱放置許可差及鋼腱線形些微的不規則,導致沿預力鋼筋的摩擦可能會受變化的角度影響,預力鋼筋與套管間的摩擦係數也會依此變化而有不同。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(g) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本規定適用於所有預力混凝土構材。場鑄後拉預力樓板系統中,構材宜視為設計中的一個構件,譬如在單向小梁系統的小梁和有效樓板寬,或雙向平板系統的柱列帶或中間帶。因無法更換破損的預力鋼筋,某些構材顯示可以容納超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2 %</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的預力損失。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(k) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">為限制早期收縮開裂,單絞索鋼腱有時在混凝土強度低於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">175 `kgf//cm^2` [17.5 MPa] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">時就施拉預力。在這種情況下,可使用超大的單絞索錨定裝置,或將鋼絞線依施工階段分段施拉預力,通常至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">有效預力。</span></p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.11 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.11_模板"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.11.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板設計</span></b></p></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">通常承包商負責模板工程設計,本規範提供大眾健康和安全所必要之最低模板性能要求。混凝土模</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">板工程之設計、施工和拆除需要周全的判斷和規劃,以達到足夠之安全性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI347">ACI 347</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">“混凝土模板工程之指引</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Guide to Formwork for Concrete)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">”</span> <span face="'新細明體',serif">提供混凝土模板的詳細資訊,此指引主要給承包商應用於模板工程之設計、施工、材料,和特殊結構物用模板,但它亦有助於設計者編製設計圖說。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.11.1.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>設計資訊</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">承包商進行設計、加工、安裝和移除模板之要求。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">合成構材需要支撐之位置。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拆除合成構材支撐之要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">24.2.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節涵蓋有關支撐和無支撐構材的撓度要求。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.11.1.2 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板設計應考慮下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(6)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">:</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土澆置方法。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土澆置速率。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工載重,包括垂直、水平及衝擊載重。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">避免傷及已施工之構材。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(5) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於後拉法預力構材,在不損壞構材條件下,施加預力過程中構材之容許移動量。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(6) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於後拉法預力構材,施加預力過程中模板承受再分配荷載之容許量。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板製作與安裝應使最終完成結構符合設計圖說要求。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板應足夠緊密,以抑制水泥漿或砂漿洩漏。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板應支撐或繫緊,以保持其位置和形狀。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.11.2 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板拆除</span></b></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.11.2.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工前承包商應制定模板拆除和再撐安裝之步驟及時程,並應計算施工過程中轉移到結構體之載重。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規劃和執行模板拆除和再撐安裝所需之結構分析和混凝土強度要求,應由承包商提供給設計者審核,必要時亦須提供給主管單位。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工中結構之任何部分,不應施加施工載重,亦不應拆除任何模板,除非該部分之結構與留存模板組合,具有足夠強度可安全地支撐其自重和施加載重,且不損害其使用性。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">考慮預期載重、模板強度及推估之現地混凝土強度下,經由結構分析確認具有足夠強度。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">現場澆置混凝土強度之推估應依據現場養護圓柱試體試驗結果,或經設計者核准之其他混凝土強度評估方法得到,如有規定時,亦須主管單位核准。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">模板應在不損害結構安全性和使用性下進行拆除。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拆模後外露之混凝土應具有足夠強度,不可因拆模造成損傷。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(h) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">後拉預力構材在施加足夠預力以支承其自重及預期施工載重前,不得拆除預力構材之模板支撐。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工中無支撐結構之施工載重,不得超過外加靜載重與折減活載重之組合,除非分析顯示結構有足夠之強度來支撐超額載重,且不損及使用性。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">決定拆模時間時,宜考慮施工載重、現場混凝土強度和可能大於設計者可接受的撓度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (<a href="#ACI347">ACI 347</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI3472">ACI 347.2R</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。施工載重可能大於規定的活載重,即使結構在早期可能就有足夠的強度來支撐施加的載重,但撓度仍可能導致使用性的問題。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 多層建築的拆模宜為承包商考量整體結構及個別構材的臨時支撐下,所規劃流程中的一部分。該流程宜在施工前規劃,且基於下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(5)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">項考量下的結構分析:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">各施工階段的結構系統,以及對應於各階段的施工載重;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在各階段施工過程中現場混凝土強度;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">結構及支撐系統之變形對施工過程中各階段靜載重與施工載重分布之影響;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所用支撐和支撐系統的強度與間距,以及支撐、橫撐、支撐移除和再撐的方法,包括各種作業間的最短時間間隔;<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(5) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工過程中影響結構安全性或使用性的任何其他載重或條件。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="#ACI3472" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ACI 347.2R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供用於多層建築支撐和再撐的資訊。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">施工過程中混凝土強度評估,可由現場養護圓柱試體,或其他經設計者核准之混凝土強度評估方法得到,如有規定時,亦需主管單位核准,如下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所示:<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC873">ASTM C873</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">場鑄圓柱試體試驗。本法僅限用於板,其混凝土厚度為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">12.5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">30 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC803">ASTM C803</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">貫入強度試驗。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC900">ASTM C900</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拉拔強度試驗。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1074">ASTM C1074</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">成熟度指數量測和關聯性建立方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">需要有工程中所使用材料之足夠數據,以證明在結構上量測值,與模鑄圓柱試體或鑽心試體抗壓強度間之關聯性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI2281">ACI 228.1R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">討論使用這些方法來評估現場混凝土強度。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(i) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在設計圖上規定的標稱活載重,使用於支撐大面積樓板的構材上時經常被折減,故施工載重之限</span>值,宜考慮該項折減。</p>
<hr />
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬固混凝土評估與驗收</span></h2><h1><a name="_26.12_硬固混凝土評估與驗收"></a></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.1 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">通則</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26121"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.1.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S2611A"></a>(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬固混凝土評估應根據強度試驗結果。一組強度試驗結果應為一組試體強度之平均值,須從工地新拌混凝土中依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在澆置點取樣,依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1231">CNS 1231</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">製作及標準養護至少兩個直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">30 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,或三個直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">圓柱試體,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">28</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天或在指定之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>測試齡期依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1232">CNS 1232</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">辦理測試。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對於噴凝土,一組強度試驗結果應為至少三個直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7.5 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鑽心試體強度之平均值,取樣自符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14917">CNS 14917</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">準備之格板樣品。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">進行驗收試驗之測試機構應符合相關規定。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">具有認證之現場試驗技術人員應在工作現場對新拌混凝土進行試驗,製作標準養護試體,需要時製作現場養護試體,及製作強度試驗試體時記錄新拌混凝土溫度。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">應由具有認證之實驗室技術人員執行所需之試驗。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">驗收試驗之所有報告應提供給設計者、承包商及混凝土製造商,如有必要,亦須提供給業主和主管單位。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若需依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">摒除偏離的個別圓柱試體強度時,製作和測試超過最少數量的試體可能是適</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">當的。如果依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定摒除個別圓柱試體強度後,尚能提供至少兩個直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">30 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,或三個直徑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">圓柱試體的平均強度,強度試驗結果仍是有效的。依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">未被摒除之所有圓柱試體強度都將用來計算平均強度。對每一種混凝土拌成物,代表強度試驗的試體尺度和數量宜相同。在施工前,業主、設計者和測試機構對於圓柱試體的尺度的意見宜一致。<br /></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">圓柱試體比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">30 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">圓柱試體有高約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的試驗組內變異</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Carino </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1994)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,因此,測試</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">3</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個而不是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">圓柱試體,以維持平均強度之信賴水準。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 具代表性的混凝土強度試驗用試體,係取自運至工地現場的混凝土,例如在預拌車卸料或混凝土泵之出口取樣,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提供自各種混凝土拌和或輸送設備上取樣之方法。注意在此處之強度試驗不適用那些依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1231">CNS 1231</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">儲存在結構體附近之工地養護試體,亦不適用實驗室試拌試體。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">例如符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS17025">CNS 17025</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">TAF</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">認證實驗室,可視為符合本規範之測試機構。另可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1077">ASTM C1077</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定,此規定定義檢測機構人員的職責、義務和最低技術要求,同時定義混凝土和混凝土粒料測試設備的技術要求。進行圓柱試體與鑽心試驗以決定是否符合本規範要求之測試單位,宜由公認的評估機構進行認證或稽查,以確認符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1077">ASTM C1077</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的要求。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">可藉由通過包含筆試和實作評量的認證計畫讓技術人員獲得認證資格。負責混凝土的取樣、坍度、密度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">單位重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、產量、空氣含量和溫度試驗,及製作和養護試體的現場技術人員,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土現場測試技術員第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級認證計畫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Grade 1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI CPP 610.1-18)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,或符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1077">ASTM C1077</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求的等效計畫,進行認證。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土實驗室之試驗人員,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土實驗室試驗技術員第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">級認證計畫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (ACI Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Level 1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或台灣混凝土學會</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (TCI) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之混凝土強度試驗技術員認證計畫、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1077">ASTM C1077</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的要求,或等效計畫的認證。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(f) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">本規範要求將試驗報告分送給負責設計、施工和審核工程的人員。試驗報告的分送,宜於檢驗和測試服務契約中註明。及時分送試驗報告,以便可適時的研判是否合格或需改正作為。完整的試驗紀錄,使混凝土產製者於未來的工作中,能可靠地建立適當的拌和比例。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.2 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">試驗頻率</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26122"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.2.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">每天澆置之各種混凝土拌成物強度試驗試體取樣準備,應依據下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定:</span></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至少每天一次。</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至少每</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">120 `m^3`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土一次。</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至少每</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">450 `m^2`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">樓板或牆壁面積一次。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">某計畫之特定混凝土配比,若混凝土總體積使得該試驗頻率少於五次強度試驗時,則強度試驗試體應選自於至少五個隨機批次;若少於五個批次時,則每個批次均需選取。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若混凝土拌成物之總量小於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">40 `m^3`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">時,在有合格及足夠強度證據提交主管單位並經核准下,則不需要進行強度試驗。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土各配比每一噴嘴和操作員,至少每天或每</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">40 `m^3`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土準備一個格板試樣,格板試樣較多者為準。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果要正確地量測混凝土的合格性,宜採取嚴格隨機抽樣方式進行強度試驗用試體取樣。要在混凝土澆置期間得到具代表性的取樣,取樣的時間或拌合批次的選擇全都是基於機率,不能依外觀、方便性或其他可能有偏頗的準則作為批次取樣的基礎,否則統計分析將失去其有效性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMD3665">ASTM D3665</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">描述用於隨機選擇試驗批次的流程。一組強度試驗的試體</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261221a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.2.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之定義</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">係由單一批次製造,在取樣後不可再添加水到混凝土中。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 在計算表面積時,僅考量一側的樓板或牆壁。如果牆壁或樓板的平均厚度小於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">25 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,依條件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">要求,採比每澆置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">120 `m^3`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">一次更頻繁的取樣數。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.3 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">標準養護試體之允收準則</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26123"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.3.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,混凝土拌成物之強度等級可被接受:</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">任何三組連續強度試驗結果之算術平均值大於或等於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>。</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>小於等於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">350 `kgf//cm^2` [35 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,強度試驗結果低於</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>之差值不超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">35 `kgf//cm^2` [3.5 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;如</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>大於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">350 `kgf//cm^2` [35 MPa]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,強度試驗結果低於</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>之差值不超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.10 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`fc^'` </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如不符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261231a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">中任何一要求,應採取相關步驟以增加後續強度試驗結果之平均值。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如未能符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261231a2"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3.1(a)(2)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,應依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26126"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.6<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">辦理強度試驗調查。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S261231a"></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S261231a2"></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在工程施作過程中,收到試驗結果時,可研判混凝土評估及接受與否。即使混凝土的強度和均勻性是令人滿意,有時仍會發生強度試驗不符合這些標準,約有每</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">100</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">次試驗中發生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">次的機率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (<a href="#ACI214">ACI 214R</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。為決定所產生的強度是否足夠,因應統計上預期的變異,宜訂出寬裕值。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261231a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定的強度驗收標準適用於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261211a"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.1.1(a)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允許的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">20 cm</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">15</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">´</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">30 cm </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">圓柱試體所得之試驗結果。由這兩種試體尺度得到試驗結果間平均差異,在設計上被認為是不顯著</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Carino</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1994)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(b) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">採取增加後續之強度試驗結果的步驟,取決於特殊的情況,這些情況可包括下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(7)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">項的一項或多項:</span>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">增加膠結材料的含量;</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">減少或更好的控制含水量;</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">使用減水劑以改善膠結材料的分散效果;</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(4) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">拌成物配比的其他改變;</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(5) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">縮短運送時間;</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(6) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">更準確控制空氣含量;</span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(7) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">提高試驗品質,包括嚴格要求符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1231">CNS 1231</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1232">CNS 1232</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等相關規定。</span></blockquote> 此等執行程序中的改變,或膠結材料含量的微小變化,或含水量變化,宜不要求重新正式提送拌成物配比。但當水泥、粒料或摻料來源改變時,則需要提交設計者相關證據顯示其混凝土強度將得到改善。
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.4 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土之允收準則</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26124"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.4.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">驗收試驗之試體應依據下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">格板試樣之座向應與噴嘴操作員施工時預期施噴位置一致。</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鑽心試體取樣、準備及試驗應依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">辦理。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a name="S261241B"></a>(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如同一個格板試樣之三個鑽心試體強度平均值至少達到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.85 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>且無單一鑽</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">心試體強度低於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.75</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>,噴凝土拌成物之強度可被接受。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如不符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261241b"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.4.1(b)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之要求,應採取相關步驟以增加後續強度試驗結果之平</span>均值,並進行低強度試驗結果調查。<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b> </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">自符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS14917">CNS 14917</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">準備的噴凝土格板試樣中鑽取之鑽心試體,其試體長徑比通常小於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1.75</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,因此須依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定修正抗壓強度,再比對允收準則。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.5 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">輕質混凝土密度之允收準則</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26125"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.5.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">新拌密度之檢驗頻率應依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26122">26.12.2<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">辦理。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">輕質混凝土新拌密度試驗應依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在混凝土卸料或輸送出口取樣。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">輕質混凝土新拌密度應依據相關方法測定。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">除設計者另有規定外,輕質混凝土新拌密度試驗值介於穩定後密度規定值</span><span face="標楷體">±</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">64 `kg//m^3`</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">範圍內視為可接受。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 對於規定穩定後密度</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`w_c` </span>之配比設計,新拌混凝土密度之許可差係考慮粒料含水率、含氣量、及拌和量之變異。此許可差對於輕質混凝土修正因子`lambda`值及設計上之影響輕微,故視為可接受。設計者適當時機可考慮給予新拌密度更大的許可差來涵蓋那些可預期的變因。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif">新拌密度可依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC172">ASTM C172</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">方法測定。</span></p>
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<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.6 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">強度試驗調查</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26126"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.6.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果任何標準養護圓柱試體之強度試驗結果低於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`fc^'` </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,且超過可驗收之限值,或若現場養護圓柱試體試驗顯示保護和養護不足,則應採取必要步驟,以確保未危及結構適當性。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(b) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">若已確認低強度混凝土之可能性,且計算結果顯示結構之適當性已明顯降低,則得依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">在有問題區域進行鑽心試驗。在此情況下,每組強度試驗結果低於</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'` </span>之值超過允許限值之代表區域,應取三個鑽心試體。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(c) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計者或主管建築機關得依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">補充說明混凝土鑽心試體試驗細節。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(d) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鑽心試體應先取樣,在潮濕狀況下儲存在水密袋或容器中運至檢測機構,並依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定進行試驗。除非經設計者或主管建築機關核准外,否則鑽心試體應於取樣後</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天內完成濕度調節並置放至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天,鑽取後</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天內完成試驗。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(e) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,由鑽心試驗所代表區域之混凝土應視為結構性適當:</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">三個鑽心試體強度平均值至少達到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.85 </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">無單一鑽心試體強度低於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">0.75 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(f) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鑽心強度結果不穩定,其所代表之區域,得額外增加鑽心試驗。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(g) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果鑽心強度試驗結果無法滿足結構適當性之標準,且結構適當性仍有疑慮時,主管部門得依據第二十七章,對有問題之結構部分進行強度評估或採取其他適當做法。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 若強度試驗未能達到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261231a2"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.3.1(a)(2)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定的允收準則,或工地養護試體平均值不符</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26532e"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.5.3.2(e)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,則僅適用於施工期間的現場混凝土強度評估之需求宜被提出。既有結構的強度評估包含於第二十七章。主管單位宜進行判定這些偏低的試驗結果重要性,及是否需要被特別注意。如果認為有必要進一步的調查,可包括</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI2281">ACI 228.1R</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之現場試驗,或者在特別情況下,包括進行結構鑽心強度試驗。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 混凝土現場試驗,如貫入針</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (<a href="#CNS10733">CNS 10733</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">、混凝土反彈錘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (<a href="#CNS10732">CNS 10732</a>) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">或拉拔試驗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (<a href="#ASTMC900">ASTM C900</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,可能在判定結構的一部分是否為低強度混凝土上是有用的。除非這些現場試驗結果與認可程序</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ACI2281">ACI 228.1R</a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">計算的抗壓強度已建立關係,否則這些現場試驗值主要是在相同的結構中做比較,而不是定量的強度評估。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 如果需要的話,鑽心試驗可提供保守的允收準則,並確保幾乎在任何施工方式下結構的適當性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Bloem 1965, 1968</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Malhotra 1976, 1977)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。低強度在很多情況下可能是可以容忍的,但這歸屬於設計者和主管單位的判斷。如果依據</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261261d"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.6.1(d)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的鑽心試驗強度,未能符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261261e"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.6.1(e)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,由主管單位要求如第二十七章中描述的強度評估,可能仍是可行的,尤其是在樓板或屋頂系統。缺少強度評估時,若時間和條件允許,可作現場補充濕養護,以改善混凝土的強度。補充養護的有效性,宜利用之前討論的相關程序,透過進一步的強度評估來驗證。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 如前所述,本規範所提結構安全的關注與低強度試驗結果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(<a href="#S26126"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.6<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a>)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">的調查要求,都是為達成</span>此目標。本規範的功能並非設定強度不足的責任。</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(a)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">如果現場養護圓柱試體的強度不符合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S26532e"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.5.3.2(e)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定,採取的步驟為改善養護。如果補充現場試驗證實結構物的混凝土強度可能不足時,則可能需要鑽心試驗來評估結構的適當性。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(c) </b><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允許「試驗指定者」補充說明試驗細節。基於本規範目的,試驗指定者為設計者或主管建築機關。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(d)</b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">利用水冷鑽取或水冷鋸切端面的結果會造成鑽心外表和內部間的水分梯度,這個梯度會降低鑽心的抗壓強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Bartlett</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">MacGregor 1994)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。鑽心試體濕度調節和試驗間隔至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">5</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天的要求,提供減小水分梯度的最短時間。假若使用水冷鑽取及端面鋸切,濕度調節時間自鋸切後開始起算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天內完成,鑽心和試驗之間的最大時間</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天的規定,是為了確保在混凝土強度有問題時,能及時測試鑽心試體。倘若試體端面需要水冷鋸切,宜於試體鑽取後</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">天內完成以符合測試標準所訂之期限。<br /></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"> 研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Bartlett</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">MacGregor 1994) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">也顯示,其他水分調節程序,如浸泡或空氣乾燥,會影響測得之鑽心強度,導致無法代表現場混凝土。因此,為了提供足以代表現場條件的可重現水分條件,提出一個允許鑽心試體水分梯度消散的標準水分調節流程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#CNS1238">CNS 1238</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">允許試驗指定者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">設計者或建築主管機關</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">修正原設定之試驗前水分調節時間。然而,試驗指定者須了解到鑽心試體水分梯度消散前進行測試可能會導致強度折減。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>(e) </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">平均鑽心強度訂為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">85%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定強度是務實的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Bloem 1968)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。由於試體的大小、取樣條件、搗實程度及養護條件的差異,期望平均鑽心試驗強度等於</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>是不務實的。建立鑽心試驗強度的允收準則時,已經考慮到作為調查低強度試驗結果的鑽心時間通常會晚於指定</span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`</span>之齡期。為了滿足</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#S261261d"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">第</span></span>26.12.6.1(d)<span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">節</span></span></a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">規定之目的,本規範並不主張鑽心強度需依鑽心試體的齡期調整。</span></p>
<hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.12.7 </span></strong><strong><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼纖維混凝土之驗收</span></strong></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="S26127"></a></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><b>26.12.7.1 </b></span><span face="'新細明體',serif"><b>合格要求</b>應包括:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(a) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">用於抵抗剪力之鋼纖維混凝土,應符合下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之規定:</span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(1) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">標準養護試體抗壓強度之允收準則。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(2) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依照相關規定之抗彎試驗,跨度中央撓度為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/300</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">跨距時,殘餘強度至少為下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之大者:</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">從抗彎試驗中量測第一峰值之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">90%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">強度,和</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對應</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`2.0sqrt(fc^')`[`0.62sqrt(fc^')`]</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">強度之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">90%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> </blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(3) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">依照相關規定之抗彎試驗,跨度中央撓度為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1/150</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">跨距時,殘餘強度至少為下列</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">之大者:</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(i) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">從抗彎試驗中量測第一峰值之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">75%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">強度,和</span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ii) </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">對應</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">`2.0sqrt(fc^')`[`0.62sqrt(fc^')`] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">強度之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">75%</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span face="'新細明體',serif" style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 12pt;"><span face="'新細明體',serif">目前國內無鋼纖維混凝土抗彎試驗相關規定,可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="#ASTMC1609">ASTM C1609</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">試驗,其性能標準是基於撓曲試驗結果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> (Chen</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">等人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> 1995)</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">,試驗中鋼纖維混凝土的纖維型式和含量,與第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">9.6.3.1</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">節所依據梁試驗使用的是類似的。</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <a href="#ASTMC1609">ASTM C1609</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">定義的“殘餘強度”用語,和開裂鋼纖維混凝土的抗拉能力相關。強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><span style="text-indent: 0px;">`2.0sqrt(fc^')`</span> [<span style="text-indent: 0px;">`0.62sqrt(fc^')`</span>] </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">與由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#S19231" target="_blank"><span face="'新細明體',serif" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">式</span></span>(19.2.3.1)</a></span><span face="'新細明體',serif">所提供之混凝土設計破裂模數是一致的。</span></p>
<hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="_26.13_檢驗"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.13 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">檢驗</span></span></h1>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.13.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">通則</span></b></p></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">26.13.1.1 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土施工應依一般建築規範要求進行檢驗。</span></p></blockquote></blockquote>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal">
<a name="ACI117"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">ACI 117 Specification for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117-10) and Commentary-Reapproved 2015<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI2012"></a>ACI 201.2R Guide to Durable Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI214"></a>ACI 214R Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete (Reapproved 2019)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI222"></a>ACI 222R Guide to Protection of Metals in Concrete Against Corrosion<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI223"></a>ACI 223R Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete - Guide<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI2281"></a>ACI 228.1R Report on Methods for Estimating In-Place Concrete Strength<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI237"></a>ACI 237R Self-Consolidating Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI301"></a>ACI 301 Specifications for Concrete Construction<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI304"></a>ACI 304R Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete (Reapproved 2009)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI305"></a>ACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI3051"></a>ACI 305.1 Specification for Hot Weather Concreting<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI306"></a>ACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI3061"></a>ACI 306.1 Standard Specification for Cold Weather Concreting (Reapproved 2002)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI308"></a>ACI 308R Guide to External Curing of Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI309"></a>ACI 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI318"></a>ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (Reapproved 2022)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI347"></a>ACI 347 Guide to Formwork for Concrete (Reapproved 2021)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI3472"></a>ACI 347.2R Guide for Shoring/Reshoring of Concrete Multistory Buildings<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI3552"></a>ACI 355.2 Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete—Qualification Requirements and Commentary<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI3554"></a>ACI 355.4 Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchors in Concrete and Commentary<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI4233"></a>ACI 423.3R Recommendations for Concrete Members Prestressed with Single-Strand Unbonded Tendons<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI4237"></a>ACI 423.7 Specification for Unbonded Single-Strand Tendon Materials<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI5064"></a>ACI 506.4R Guide for the Evaluation of Shotcrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI5443"></a>ACI 544.3R Guide for Specifying, Proportioning, and Production of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACI555"></a>ACI 555R Removal and Reuse of Hardened Concrete</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<a name="ACIITG7"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
ACI ITG-7 Specification for Tolerances for Precast Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACIITG10"></a>ACI ITG-10R-18 Practitioner's Guide for Alternative Cements<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ACIITG101"></a>ACI ITG-10.1R-18 Report on Alternative Cements</span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC172"></a> ASTM C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">新拌混凝土的取樣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC469"></a>ASTM C469 Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">s Ratio of Concrete in Compression (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">受壓混凝土的靜彈性模數與蒲松氏比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ASTMC567"></a>ASTM C567 Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC803"></a>ASTM C803 Standard Test Method for Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土貫入阻抗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC845"></a>ASTM C845 Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">膨脹水泥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC873"></a>ASTM C873 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">現地圓柱試體之抗壓強度試驗法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC900"></a>ASTM C900 Standard Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬固混凝土之拉拔強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1074"></a>ASTM C1074 Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">以成熟度估計混凝土強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1077"></a>ASTM C1077 Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1480"></a>ASTM C1480 Standard Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Combined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry Shotcrete Application (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土材料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1582"></a>ASTM C1582 Standard Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">腐蝕抑制劑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1609"></a>ASTM C1609 ASTM C1609 Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading)<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1778"></a>ASTM C1778 Standard Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="ASTMC1797"></a>ASTM C1797 Standard Specification for Ground Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="ASTMD3665"></a>ASTM D3665 Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials (</span><span face="'新細明體',serif">營建材料的隨機取樣法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)</span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="AWSD14"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">AWS D1.4 Structural Welding Code–Steel Reinforcing Bars</span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS61"></a>CNS 61 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">卜特蘭水泥<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS560"></a>CNS 560 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋混凝土用鋼筋<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1078"></a>CNS 1078 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">水硬性水泥化學分析法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1174"></a>CNS 1174 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">新拌混凝土取樣法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1230"></a>CNS 1230 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">試驗室混凝土試體製作及養護法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1231"></a>CNS 1231 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">工地混凝土試體製作及養護法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1232"></a>CNS 1232 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土圓柱試體抗壓強度檢驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1238"></a>CNS 1238 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土鑽心試體及鋸切長條試體取樣法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS1240"></a>CNS 1240 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土粒料<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS2608"></a>CNS 2608 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼料之檢驗通則<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS3036"></a>CNS 3036 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土用飛灰及天然或煆燒卜作嵐攙和物<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS3090"></a>CNS 3090 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">預拌混凝土<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS3091"></a>CNS 3091 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土用輸氣附加劑<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS3691"></a>CNS 3691 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">結構混凝土用之輕質粒料<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS6919"></a>CNS 6919 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">銲接鋼線網及鋼筋網<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS10732"></a>CNS 10732 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬化混凝土反彈數試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS10733"></a>CNS 10733 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬化混凝土貫入試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS11151"></a>CNS 11151 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土單位重、拌和體積及含氣量(比重)試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS12283"></a>CNS 12283 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土用化學摻料<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS12546"></a>CNS 12456 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋混凝土用防銹劑<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS12549"></a>CNS 12549 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土及水泥砂漿用水淬高爐爐碴粉<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS12833"></a>CNS 12833 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">流動化混凝土用化學摻料<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS12892"></a>CNS 12892 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">纖維混凝土用鋼纖維<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS13961"></a>CNS 13961 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">混凝土拌和用水<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS14689"></a>CNS 14689 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土用摻料<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS14702"></a>CNS 14702 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬固水泥砂漿及混凝土中酸溶性氯離子含量試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS14703"></a>CNS 14703 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">硬固水泥砂漿及混凝土中水溶性氯離子含量試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS14794"></a>CNS 14794 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">水硬性水泥砂漿棒暴露於硫酸鹽溶液中之長度變化試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS14917"></a>CNS 14917 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">噴凝土試驗格板樣品之準備與測試法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS15286"></a>CNS 15286 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">水硬性混合水泥<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS15560"></a>CNS 15560 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">鋼筋機械式續接試驗法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS15648"></a>CNS 15648 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">膠結混合料用矽灰<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="CNS17025"></a>CNS 17025 </span><span face="'新細明體',serif">測試與校正實驗室能力一般要求事項</span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="PCIEB00115"></a>PCI EB001.15 Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="PCIMNL116"></a>PCI MNL-116 Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of Structural Precast Concrete Products<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">
<a name="PCIMNL117"></a>PCI MNL-117 Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of Architectural Precast Concrete Products</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal">
<a name="PTIM503"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">PTI M50.3 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Guide Specification for Grouted </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Post-Tensioning<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
<a name="PTIM551"></a>PTI M55.1 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Specification for Grouting of Post-Tensioned </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Structures</span></p>
<hr />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">使用符號:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`Cl^-`<br />`E_c`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`fc^'`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`f_y`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`kgf//cm^2`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`kg//m^3`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`lambda`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`l//d`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`m^3`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`m^2`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`P_y`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`sqrt(fc^')`<br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">`w_c`</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-15874971926353281182023-08-26T11:25:00.001+08:002023-08-26T11:25:09.264+08:00EMI 課程<p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/11/emi_20.html" target="_blank">學生參與及評量</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/11/emi_10.html" target="_blank">協助學生學英文</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/11/emi_6.html" target="_blank">課程表設計</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/11/emi.html" target="_blank">課程設計</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/10/emi_69.html" target="_blank">學生修習課程的好處</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/10/emi_29.html" target="_blank">學生應具備的英語能力、評估需求</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/10/emi.html" target="_blank">教師的角色與責任、教學策略</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/10/emi-c1.html" target="_blank">教師英語能力的要求 (最好 <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">C1</span>以上)</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2022/07/blog-post_16.html" target="_blank">高教雙語政策-推動大專校院學生雙語化學習計畫</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-62366078028222644422023-08-26T11:12:00.004+08:002023-08-28T06:54:35.102+08:00電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)相關文件<p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20230414.html" target="_blank">經濟部事業廢棄物再利用管理辦法.附表.編號八.電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石).20230414</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/blog-post.html" target="_blank">電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)檢測標準</a></p><p><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/blog-post_6.html" target="_blank">電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)規定總覽</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cement.tw/2018/09/steel-slags.html" target="_blank">Slags (爐碴種類)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cement.tw/2018/09/test-methods-for-steel-slags.html" target="_blank">爐碴相關試驗法 (Test Methods for Slags)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cement.tw/2019/04/blog-post.html" target="_blank">爐碴相關法規</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cement.tw/2020/10/blog-post_79.html" target="_blank">名詞定義:水淬高爐石粉非卜作嵐材料(ASTM C125-20)</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-24081475466394061442023-08-26T09:55:00.013+08:002023-11-25T17:58:27.260+08:00建築物混凝土結構設計規範 目錄 (20240101生效)<div><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ref: <br /><a href="https://www.cpami.gov.tw/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A/30-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87/38347-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84.html" target="_blank">https://www.cpami.gov.tw/最新消息/法規公告/30-建築管理篇/38347-建築物混凝土結構設計規範.html</a></span></div><div><br /></div>第一章 總 則<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
1.1 依據<br />1.2 範圍<br />1.3 通則<br />1.4 目的<br />1.5 適用範圍<br />1.6
解釋<br />1.7 設計圖說與設計紀錄<br />1.8 試驗與檢驗<br />1.9
特殊設計、施工或替代施工材料系統之認可 </blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二章 符號與名詞定義<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
2.1 範圍<br />
2.2 符號<br />
2.3 名詞定義</blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> </blockquote>
第三章 參考標準<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
3.1 範圍<br />3.2 參考標準 </blockquote><div><br /></div>
第四章 結構系統要求<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
4.1 範圍<br />4.2 材料<br />4.3 設計載重<br />4.4 結構系統與載重傳力路徑<br />4.5 結構分析<br />4.6 強度<br />4.7 使用性<br />4.8 耐久性<br />4.9 永續性<br />4.10 結構整體性<br />4.11 防火<br />4.12 特定施工類型之要求<br />4.13 施工及檢驗<br />4.14 既有結構物之強度評估</blockquote><div><br /></div>
第五章 載重<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
5.1 範圍<br />
5.2 通則<br />
5.3 載重因數及其組合</blockquote><div><br /></div>
第六章 結構分析<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
6.1 範圍<br />
6.2 通則<br />
6.3 分析模型假設<br />
6.4 活載重之分布<br />
6.5 非預力連續梁及單向板之簡易分析方法<br />
6.6 線彈性一階分析<br />
6.7 線彈性二階分析<br />
6.8 非彈性分析<br />
6.9 有限元素分析可接受度</blockquote><div><br /></div>
第七章 單向板<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
7.1 範圍<br />
7.2 通則<br />
7.3 設計限制<br />
7.4 需求強度<br />
7.5 設計強度<br />
7.6 鋼筋限制<br />
7.7 鋼筋細則</blockquote><div><br /></div>
第八章 雙向板<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
8.1 範圍<br />
8.2 通則<br />
8.3 設計限制<br />
8.4 需求強度<br />
8.5 設計強度<br />
8.6 鋼筋限制<br />
8.7 鋼筋細則<br />
8.8 非預力雙向格柵小梁系統<br />
8.9 昇板構造 </blockquote><div><br /></div>
第九章 梁<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
9.1 範圍<br />
9.2 通則<br />
9.3 設計限制<br />
9.4 需求強度<br />
9.5 設計強度<br />
9.6 鋼筋限制<br />
9.7 鋼筋細則<br />
9.8 非預力單向格柵小梁系統<br />
9.9 深梁<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十章 柱<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
10.1 範圍<br />
10.2 通則<br />
10.3 設計限制<br />
10.4 需求強度<br />
10.5 設計強度<br />
10.6 鋼筋限制<br />
10.7 鋼筋細則<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十一章 牆<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
11.1 範圍<br />
11.2 通則<br />
11.3 設計限制<br />
11.4 需求強度<br />
11.5 設計強度<br />
11.6 鋼筋限制<br />
11.7 鋼筋細則<br />
11.8 面外長細牆分析替代方法<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十二章 橫膈板<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
12.1 範圍<br />
12.2 通則<br />
12.3 設計限制<br />
12.4 需求強度<br />
12.5 設計強度<br />
12.6 鋼筋規定<br />
12.7 鋼筋細則<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十三章 基礎<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
13.1 範圍<br />
13.2 通則<br />
13.3 淺基礎<br />
13.4 深基礎<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十四章 純混凝土<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
14.1 範圍<br />
14.2 通則<br />
14.3 設計限制<br />
14.4 需求強度<br />
14.5 設計強度<br />
14.6 鋼筋細則<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十五章 梁柱與板柱接頭<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
15.1 範圍<br />
15.2 通則<br />
15.3 接頭細部設計<br />
15.4 梁柱接頭強度要求<br />
15.5 傳遞柱軸力通過樓板系統<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十六章 構材間之接合部<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
16.1 範圍<br />
16.2 預鑄混凝土構材接合部<br />
16.3 基礎接合部 <br />
16.4 合成混凝土撓曲構材水平剪力傳遞<br />
16.5 托架及梁托 <br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十七章 混凝土結構用錨栓<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
17.1 範圍<br />
17.2 一般需求<br />
17.3 設計限制<br />
17.4 需求強度<br />
17.5 設計強度<br />
17.6 拉力強度<br />
17.7 剪力強度<br />
17.8 拉力和剪力互制作用<br />
17.9 避免劈裂破壞之邊距、間距和厚度需求<br />
17.10 錨栓耐震設計需求<br />
17.11 具剪力榫之基板<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第十八章 耐震結構物<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
18.1 範圍<br />
18.2 通則<br />
18.3 特殊抗彎矩構架之梁<br />
18.4 特殊抗彎矩構架之柱<br />
18.5 特殊抗彎矩構架之接頭<br />
18.6 預鑄特殊抗彎矩構架<br />
18.7 特殊結構牆<br />
18.8 預鑄特殊結構牆<br />
18.9 橫膈板與桁架<br />
18.10 基礎<br />
18.11 非抵抗地震力系統之構材<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html" target="_blank">第十九章 混凝土:設計與耐久性要求</a><br />
</span></b><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.1%20%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D" target="_blank">19.1 範圍</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.2%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" target="_blank">19.2 混凝土設計性質 </a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.3%20%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">19.3 混凝土耐久性要求</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/08/20240101.html#19.4%20%E7%81%8C%E6%BC%BF%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%B9%8B%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">19.4 灌漿材料之耐久性要求</a></span></b><br /></blockquote><div><br /></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html" target="_blank">第二十章 鋼筋性質、耐久性及埋置物</a><br />
</span></b><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S201" target="_blank">20.1 範圍</a><br /><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S202" target="_blank">20.2 非預力鋼筋及鋼線</a><br /><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S203" target="_blank">20.3 預力鋼絞線、鋼線、鋼棒</a><br /><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S204" target="_blank">20.4 合成柱用結構鋼、鋼管及鋼筒 </a><br /><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S205" target="_blank">20.5 鋼筋之耐久性規定</a><br /></span></b><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S206" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">
20.6 埋置物</span></b><br /></a></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二十一章 強度折減因數<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
21.1 範圍<br />
21.2 結構混凝土構材及接頭之強度折減因數<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二十二章 斷面強度<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
22.1 範圍<br />
22.2 彎矩與軸力強度之設計假設<br />
22.3 撓曲強度<br />
22.4 軸力強度或撓曲與軸力組合強度<br />
22.5 單向剪力強度<br />
22.6 雙向剪力強度<br />
22.7 扭力強度<br />
22.8 支承<br />
22.9 剪力摩擦<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二十三章 壓拉桿方法<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
23.1 範圍<br />
23.2 通則<br />
23.3 設計強度<br />
23.4 壓桿強度<br />
23.5 最少分布鋼筋<br />
23.6 壓桿鋼筋細則<br />
23.7 拉桿強度<br />
23.8 拉桿鋼筋細則<br />
23.9 節點區強度<br />
23.10 彎曲鋼筋節點<br />
23.11 採壓拉桿方法之耐震設計<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二十四章 使用性要求<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
24.1 範圍<br />
24.2 使用等級重力載重引致之撓度<br />
24.3 單向板及梁中撓曲鋼筋之分布<br />
24.4 收縮與溫度鋼筋<br />
24.5 預力混凝土受撓構材之容許應力<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二十五章 鋼筋細節<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
25.1 範圍<br />
25.2 鋼筋最小間距<br />
25.3 標準彎鉤、耐震彎鉤、繫筋及最小彎曲內直徑<br />
25.4 鋼筋之伸展<br />
25.5 鋼筋續接<br />
25.6 束筋<br />
25.7 橫向鋼筋<br />
25.8 後拉預力之錨定器與續接器<br />
25.9 後拉預力鋼腱錨定區<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html" target="_blank">第二十六章 設計圖說及檢驗</a><br />
</b></span><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.1_%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D" target="_blank">26.1 範圍</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.2_%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" target="_blank">26.2 設計標準</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.3_%E6%A7%8B%E6%9D%90%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99" target="_blank">26.3 構材資料</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.4_%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8F%8A%E6%8B%8C%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">26.4 混凝土材料及拌成物要求</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.5_%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E8%88%87%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" target="_blank">26.5 混凝土生產與施工</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.6_%E9%8B%BC%E7%AD%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%92%8C%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">26.6 鋼筋材料和施工要求</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.7_%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E9%8C%A8%E5%AE%9A" target="_blank">26.7 混凝土錨定</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.8_%E5%9F%8B%E7%BD%AE%E7%89%A9" target="_blank">26.8 埋置物</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.9_%E9%A0%90%E9%91%84%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">26.9 預鑄混凝土附加要求</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.10_%E9%A0%90%E5%8A%9B%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82" target="_blank">26.10 預力混凝土附加要求</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.11_%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" target="_blank">26.11 模板</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.12_%E7%A1%AC%E5%9B%BA%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E8%88%87%E9%A9%97%E6%94%B6" target="_blank">26.12 硬固混凝土評估與驗收</a><br /><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.13_%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97" target="_blank">26.13 檢驗</a></b></span><br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
第二十七章 既有結構物強度評估<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
27.1 範圍<br />
27.2 通則<br />
27.3 分析法強度評估<br />
27.4 載重試驗法強度評估<br />
27.5 單向載重試驗程序<br />
27.6 往復載重試驗程序<br /></blockquote><div><br /></div>
解說之參考文獻<br /><br /><div>
附篇A - 使用非線性反應歷時分析進行設計驗證<br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
A.1 符號與專有名詞<br />
A.2 範圍<br /></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">A.3 總則<br />A.4 地震歷時<br />A.5 載重因數與組合<br />A.6 建模與分析<br />A.7 行為分類與臨界狀態<br />A.8 有效勁度<br />A.9 預期材料強度<br />A.10 位移控制行為之接受準則<br />A.11 強度控制行為之預期強度<br />A.12 加強之細部配置要求<br />A.13 特殊結構審查<br /></blockquote>
<p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p><p></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-56955979580316265072023-08-12T22:43:00.089+08:002024-02-23T10:35:10.081+08:00建築物混凝土結構設計規範 第十九章 混凝土:設計與耐久性要求 (20240101生效)<script async="" id="MathJax-script" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.4/latest.js?config=AM_CHTML"></script><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ref: <br /><a href="https://www.cpami.gov.tw/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A/30-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87/38347-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84.html" target="_blank">https://www.cpami.gov.tw/最新消息/法規公告/30-建築管理篇/38347-建築物混凝土結構設計規範.html</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div>20240219勘誤部分規定</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.1 範圍">19.1 範圍</a><br />
<a href="#19.2 混凝土設計性質">19.2 混凝土設計性質</a></div>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.2.1 規定抗壓強度">19.2.1 規定抗壓強度</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.2.2 彈性模數">19.2.2 彈性模數</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.2.3 破裂模數">19.2.3 破裂模數</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.2.4 輕質混凝土">19.2.4 輕質混凝土</a></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.3 混凝土耐久性要求">19.3 混凝土耐久性要求</a></div>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.3.1 暴露環境分類與分級">19.3.1 暴露環境分類與分級</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.3.2 混凝土拌成物要求">19.3.2 混凝土拌成物要求</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.3.3 暴露於凍融之附加要求">19.3.3 暴露於凍融之附加要求</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.3.4 氯離子含量之附加要求">19.3.4 氯離子含量之附加要求</a></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="#19.4 灌漿材料之耐久性要求">19.4 灌漿材料之耐久性要求</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html" target="_blank">第二十章 鋼筋性質、耐久性及埋置物</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">第二十五章 鋼筋細節</div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html" target="_blank">第二十六章 設計圖說及檢驗</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><section id="19.1 範圍">19.1 範圍</section></span></b></h1><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">19.1.1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>本章適用於混凝土之:<br /></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">(a)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>設計使用性質。</blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">(b)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>耐久性要求。</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div>19.1.2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>
本章適用於依<a href="#19.4 灌漿材料之耐久性要求">第19.4節</a>握裹鋼腱灌漿之耐久性要求。</div></div></blockquote>
<hr />
<div><h1 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><section id="19.2 混凝土設計性質">19.2 混凝土設計性質</section></span></b></h1></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>
<div><b><section id="19.2.1 規定抗壓強度">19.2.1 規定抗壓強度</section></b></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>19.2.1.1 `fc^'`之數值應依循(a)至(d):</div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(a) <a href="#表19.2.1.1">表19.2.1.1</a>中 `fc^'`之限制,同時適用於常重與輕質混凝土。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>
<div>(b) <a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>之耐久性要求。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(c) 結構強度之要求。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(d) 用於特殊抗彎矩構架、特殊結構牆及其基礎中之輕質混凝土,其`fc^'` 不應超過350 `kgf//cm^2` [35 MPa],若經實驗證明輕質混凝土構材,其強度和韌性等於或超過相同強度常重混凝土構材,則不受此限。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.2.1.1">表19.2.1.1 `fc^'`之限制</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 72px;">
<td style="height: 72px;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>應用範圍</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 72px;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>混凝土</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 72px;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>最低</strong> <span style="text-align: center;"><b>`fc^'`</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>`kgf//cm^2`</b><strong> [MPa]</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38px;">
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">一般</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">常重與輕質</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">210 [21]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 76.3906px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">特殊抗彎矩構架及特殊結構牆</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">常重</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">280 [28]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38.3906px;">
<td style="height: 38.3906px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">輕質</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38.3906px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">280 [28]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 92px;">
<td style="height: 92px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">預鑄非預力打擊樁</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">鑽掘樁 (場鑄樁)</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">微型樁</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 92px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">常重</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 92px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">280 [28]</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38px;">
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">預鑄預力打擊樁</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">常重</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px;">
<p style="text-align: center;">350 [35]</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>19.2.1.2 規定抗壓強度須用於<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S2643" target="_blank">第26.4.3節</a>之混凝土拌成物配比計算,及<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26123" target="_blank">第26.12.3節</a>之混凝土試驗與允收。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div> </div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>19.2.1.3 除另有規定外,<span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>應基於28天之試驗。若非28天,則設計圖說應指定 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>之試驗齡期。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><p> 混凝土拌成物要求係基於混凝土應有足夠之強度和耐久性。本規範定義結構混凝土<span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>之下限。除特定規範條款外,未規定 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>之最大值。</p><p> 根據<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S2643" target="_blank">第26.4.3節</a>所建立之混凝土拌成物配比,其平均抗壓強度應超過在結構設計計算中使用之 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>值。此平均強度超過 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>之數值係基於統計概念。當混凝土強度之設計達到大於 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>水準時,可確保混凝土在強度試驗中,有一定高之機率達到<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26123" target="_blank">第26.12.3節</a>所要求強度允收準則。除達到<a href="#19.2.1 規定抗壓強度">第19.2.1節</a>之最低 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>外,亦應滿足<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>對耐久性之要求。在某些情況下,耐久性需求之 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span> 可能會比結構目的所需強度高。</p><p> 設計抵抗地震力之抗彎矩構架和特殊結構牆時,規範限定輕質混凝土之最大<span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>為350 `kgf//cm^2` [35 MPa],此一限制主要是因為缺少對輕質混凝土構材,在非線性範圍內受往復加載 (displacement reversals)之實驗和現地行為資料。</p><p>對於具有 `f_y` > 5,600 `kgf//cm^2` [550 MPa] 之特殊耐震系統,為了提升性能,增加最低混凝土強度以提高鋼筋錨定及減少中性軸深度。</p><p>本規範亦限制設計錨栓時混凝土之 <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span>此要求列於第17.3.1節。</p><hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<div><b><section id="19.2.2 彈性模數">19.2.2 彈性模數</section></b></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><section id="19.2.2.1">19.2.2.1 混凝土之彈性模數`E_c`,應符合(a)或(b):</section></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>
(a) `w_c`介於1,440 和2,560 `kg//cm^3`之間 </div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">`E_c=w_c^(1.5)0.11sqrt(fc^')`<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>(19.2.2.1.a)</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">[`E_c=w_c^(1.5)0.034sqrt(fc^')`]<div> </div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>
(b) 常重混凝土</div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">`E_c=12,000(fc^')`<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>(19.2.2.1.b)</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>[`E_c=3,750(fc^')` ]</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div><div> <a href="#19.2.2.1">第19.2.2.1節</a>中的公式提供了一般設計使用所需之`E_c`估計值。<br /><br /></div><div> Pauw (1960) 曾整理混凝土`E_c`表示法之研究,`E_c`定義為利用混凝土的應力-應變曲線求得壓應力從0至抗壓強度之45 %連線之斜率。此定義與<a href="#ASTMC469">ASTM C469</a>中的定義略有不同,ASTM C469利用0.00005應變對應的應力與40 %抗壓強度連線之斜率定義`E_c`。台灣混凝土因粒料強度較低和漿體量較高,導致其彈性模數值相較美國規範 (<a href="#ACI318" target="_blank">ACI 318</a>) 所預估之値有偏低的趨勢,故參照國內相關研究成果 (廖文正等 2016;陸景文等 2004) 予以修正,以反映台灣粒料及配比特性。</div><div><br /></div><div> 彈性模數對於有些變數相當敏感,包括粒料種類、混凝土成分、拌成物配比、漿體與粒料間的黏結及混凝土的齡期。此敏感性伴隨著成分材料之性質及施工期間品管既有之變異性,可造成撓度、側位移、振動週期及其他取決於`E_c`之物理量所量測及計算值的不同。參考<a href="#ACI435">ACI 435R</a>以獲得更多使用`E_c`的資訊,尤其當用於計算撓度時。<br /><br /></div><div> 基於多年來的使用,由本規範公式計算而得之彈性模數已被證明適合多數應用。然而對於某些應用而言,這些公式可能未充分提供實際值的精確估算。如同可能發生於自充填混凝土、高強度混凝土( <span style="text-align: center;">`fc^'`</span> > 560 `kgf//cm^2` [56 MPa] )、輕質混凝土及低粗粒料含量拌成物中,已觀察到所量測與計算`E_c`值間有較大之差異。參考<a href="#ACI363">ACI 363R</a>、<a href="#ACI213">ACI 213R</a>與<a href="#ACI237">ACI 237R</a>以獲得更多資訊。</div></div><hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><section id="S19222">19.2.2.2 工程規定之`E_c`得依據(a)至(c)所得混凝土拌成物之試驗值:</section></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>(a) <a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S2643" target="_blank">第26.4.3節</a>混凝土拌成物配比設計之試驗結果須符合規定`E_c`。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>(b) 須進行試驗證明可達到規定之`E_c`,該結果應隨拌成物配比設計書提交。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>(c) 量測`E_c`之測試齡期須為28天或如設計圖說所指定。</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div> 對於任何工程,用於設計的`E_c`可由試驗指定與驗證,例子包括撓度控制的應用、軸向變形或側向勁度影響性能時的高層建築或類似結構,及`E_c`估計值對於可接受的振動或耐震性能重要時的應用。</div><div><br /></div><div> 在某些情況下,非預期的勁度改變可對設計造成不良影響,如某些耐震應用,於此設計者可選擇指定在特定測試齡期下可接受`E_c`值的範圍。如指定`E_c`值的範圍,應隨設計圖說提供測試計畫及允收準則。</div><div><br /></div><div> 設計者可選擇指定在多個齡期下於試驗室試驗`E_c`,宜認知`E_c`的發展不能精確地隨時間控制。</div>
<hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><b><section id="19.2.3 破裂模數">19.2.3 破裂模數</section></b></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><section id="S19231">19.2.3.1</section> 混凝土破裂模數`f_r`,應以下式計算:</div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">`f_r=2lambdasqrt(fc^')` (19.2.3.1)</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;">[`f_r=0.62lambdasqrt(fc^')` ]</div></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>式中`lambda`值依<a href="#19.2.4 輕質混凝土">第19.2.4節</a>之規定。</div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div> </div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><b><section id="19.2.4 輕質混凝土">19.2.4 輕質混凝土</section></b></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;">19.2.4.1 除表25.4.2.5要求外,`lambda`值應依<a href="#表19.2.4.1(a)">表19.2.4.1(a)</a>中所使用混凝土拌成物之穩定後密度`w_c`而定,或依<a href="#表19.2.4.1(b)">表19.2.4.1(b)</a>中所假設之混凝土拌成物粒料組成而定。</div></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.2.4.1(a)">表19.2.4.1(a) 以穩定後密度<span style="text-align: left;">w_c`</span>決定輕質混凝土之<span style="text-align: left;">`lambda`</span>值</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="47%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><em>w<sub>c</sub></em></strong><strong>,</strong><strong>(kg/m<sup>3</sup>)</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>`lambda`</b></p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong> </strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="47%">
<p style="text-align: center;">≦1,600</p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;">0.75</p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;">(a)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="47%">
<p style="text-align: center;">1,600<<strong><em> w<sub>c</sub></em></strong>≦2,160</p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;">0.0075<strong><em>w<sub>c</sub></em></strong>≦1.0</p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;">(b)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="47%">
<p style="text-align: center;">>2,160</p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;">1</p>
</td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="text-align: center;">(c)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.2.4.1(b)">表19.2.4.1(b) 以粒料組成決定輕質混凝土之<span style="text-align: left;">`lambda`</span>值</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p><strong>混凝土</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p><strong>粒料組成</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="246">
<p><strong>粒料標準</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="88">
<p><b>`lambda`</b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p>全輕質粒料混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p>全輕質粒料</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="246">
<p>細粒料:<a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></p>
<p>粗粒料:<a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="88">
<p>0.75</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p>部份輕質粒料混凝土</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p>細粒料:常重+輕質</p>
<p>粗粒料:輕質</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="246">
<p>細粒料:符合<a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a>及<a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></p>
<p>粗粒料:<a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="88">
<p>0.75~0.85<sup>[1]</sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p>細粒料:常重</p>
<p>粗粒料:輕質</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="246">
<p>細粒料:<a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></p>
<p>粗粒料:<a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="88">
<p>0.85</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="156">
<p>細粒料:輕質</p>
<p>粗粒料:常重+輕質</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="246">
<p>細粒料:<a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></p>
<p>粗粒料:符合<a href="#CNS3691">CNS 3691</a>及<a href="#CNS1240">CNS 1240</a></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 156px;" width="88">
<p>0.85~1<sup>[2]</sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><br /></div><div><div>[1] 可依常重細粒料佔全部細粒料之絕對體積百分比,在0.75 ~ 0.85間使用線性內插法。</div><div>[2] 可依常重粗粒料佔全部粗粒料之絕對體積百分比,在0.85 ~ 1.00間使用線性內插法。</div><div><br /></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>19.2.4.2 輕質混凝土`lambda`值得取0.75。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left;">19.2.4.3 常重混凝土`lambda`值為1.0。</p></blockquote></blockquote><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div> 修正因數`lambda`是用來考量輕質混凝土於相同抗壓強度下較常重混凝土之力學性質折減。當設計使用輕質混凝土時,其抗剪強度、摩擦特性、劈裂抗張、混凝土和鋼筋間之握裹、及伸展長度等要求,與相同抗壓強度之常重混凝土不同。</div><div><br /></div><div> <a href="#ACI318">ACI 318-19</a>規範改變決定 `lambda`的方法,包括基於輕質混凝土穩定後密度的新步驟。該新步驟允許設計者基於所設計使用之輕質混凝土穩定後密度而選擇`lambda`值。如果設計者欲決定更精確的`lambda`值,可藉由實驗室試驗該結構中所使用的特定拌成物而達到 (Ivey及Buth 1967;Hanson 1961)。<a href="#表19.2.4.1(a)">表19.2.4.1</a>是基於由多種以結構輕質粒料製作混凝土之試驗資料 (Graybeal 2014; Greene及Graybeal 2013, 2015),其具有大範圍拌成物配比,因而穩定後密度介於1,440-2,160 `kg//m^3`間。</div><div><br /></div><div> 第二個決定 `lambda`的步驟來自前版規範並基於粒料的成分。在多數的情況下,當地混凝土和粒料供應商具有標準化的輕質混凝土拌成物配比,並可提供體積比以決定`lambda`值。若缺少前述資料,允許使用指定輕質混凝土種類之 `lambda`下限。此步驟是假設在等值抗壓強度水準時,輕質混凝土抗拉強度為常重混凝土抗拉強度之某個固定百分比 (Ivey及Buth 1967)。此用於`lambda`之乘數是基於以多種以結構輕質粒料製作混凝土之試驗結果。</div><div><br /></div><div> <a href="#ACI318">ACI 318-19</a>規範移除先前所及基於劈裂抗張強度和相對應量測抗壓強度所計算`lambda`的步驟。在<a href="#ACI318">ACI 318-19</a>之前的規範中,輕質混凝土穩定後密度的上限為1,840 `kg//m^3`,隨著常重混凝土的下限訂於2,160 `kg//m^3`,仍有320 `kg//m^3`的範圍未定義。實務上,為了達到介於1,840 - 2,160 `kg//m^3`的穩定後密度,必須使用一些輕質粒料。<a href="#ACI318">ACI 318-19</a>規範藉由定義含穩定後密度介於1,440 - 2,160 `kg//m^3`之輕質混凝土來移除此未定義範圍。</div><hr />
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><section id="19.3 混凝土耐久性要求">19.3 混凝土耐久性要求</section></span></h1>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div> 混凝土耐久性為混凝土抵抗氣候作用、化學侵蝕及磨損之能力。</div><div><br /></div><div> 混凝土耐久性近年來已顯現不少問題倍受重視。台灣除高山地區有冰凍之問題外,一般結構物可不必考慮混凝土抗凍融之耐久性。有很多工程位於嚴重污染環境或濱海地區,或採用河川下游不潔淨砂甚至海砂所建造之結構物,常導致混凝土異常劣化及鋼筋腐蝕等不良影響,對此種情況之混凝土,其耐久性應嚴加考慮。</div><div><br /></div><div> 混凝土受鹽害程度與離海岸距離有關。台灣位處海域環境、強風、高鹽份、潮濕高溫,及工業污染嚴重,建築物耐久性更應重視。</div><div><br /></div><div> 混凝土結構物耐久性主要與混凝土中有害物質進出移動有關。如果結構物有裂縫及孔隙,且周圍環境提供充足之有害物質,則結構物必然產生前述諸問題。混凝土之裂縫及孔隙與拌和用水量及養護品質有密切關係。硫酸根離子之存在、海水及鹽霧、酸雨、溫濕變化、強風烈日等外界環境;或混凝土配比材料所含之氯鹽、活性粒料及鋼筋等內在因素均與有害物質移動有關,但最重要者仍以混凝土配比中所含「水量」多寡為主,所以限制水量為維護耐久性之重要策略。</div><div><br /></div><div> 一般在工程規劃設計階段,宜事先調查工程構造物附近現況,進行環境區分,並檢討與混凝土接觸之地下水所含有害鹽類,如硫酸鹽、氯化物之含量及濃度等資料,於設計圖說中規定有關混凝土配比應注意事項。施工時需依契約圖說之規定進行必要之加速耐久性試驗,以驗證混凝土配比之合宜性。確保耐久性之另一前提為進行工程施工品質管制,減少混凝土裂縫之產生,因為即使混凝土配比佳,但若有裂縫,則有害物質將直接侵入構造物中,造成嚴重劣化反應。</div><div><br /></div><div> 本規範基於<a href="#表19.3.1.1">表19.3.1.1</a>所定義的暴露類別與等級訂定混凝土耐久性,設計者將結構中的構材歸類於適當的暴露類別與等級。<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>中的適當混凝土性質,係由基於暴露嚴重性所指定的暴露等級來決定,並包含在設計圖說中。</div><div><br /></div><div> 本規範不包括特別嚴重暴露環境之條款,例如酸或高温。</div><hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b><section id="19.3.1 暴露環境分類與分級">19.3.1 暴露環境分類與分級</section></b></div></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;">19.3.1.1 設計者須依<a href="#表19.3.1.1">表19.3.1.1</a>規定之各種暴露類別及構材之預期暴露程度設定暴露分級。</div></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.3.1.1">表19.3.1.1 暴露環境類別與分級</section></div><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p><strong>類別</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p><strong>分級</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p><strong>混凝土之環境條件</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">
<p>凍融 (F)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>F0</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>非暴露於凍融循環</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>F1</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>暴露於偶而受潮之凍融循環</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>F2</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>暴露於經常受潮之凍融循環</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>F3</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>暴露於經常受潮及使用<br /> 除冰化學藥劑之凍融循環</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;">
<p>硫酸鹽 (S)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="249">
<p>土壤中之水溶性硫酸鹽 (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>),質量%<sup>[1]</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="214">
<p>水中溶解之硫酸鹽 (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>),ppm<sup>[2]</sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>S0</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="249">
<p>SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>< 0.10</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="214">
<p>SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>< 150</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>S1</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="249">
<p>0.10 ≤ SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>< 0.20</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="214">
<p>150 ≤ SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>< 1500 或海水</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>S2</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="249">
<p>0.20 ≤ SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>≤2.00</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="214">
<p>1500 ≤ SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>≤10,000</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>S3</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="249">
<p>SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>> 2.00</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="214">
<p>SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>- </sup>> 10,000</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">
<p>與水接觸 (W)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>W0</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>處於乾燥環境</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>W1</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>與水接觸,不需要求低滲透性</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>W2</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>與水接觸,需要求低滲透性</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">
<p>鋼筋之腐蝕防護 (C)</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>C0</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>處於乾燥環境或有防潮處理</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>C1</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>暴露於潮濕但無外來氯鹽之環境</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">
<p>C2</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="463">
<p>暴露於潮濕且有外來氯鹽之環境,如除冰化學藥劑、鹽、<br /> 微鹹水、海水或其潑濺水</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><br /></div><div>[1] 土壤中硫酸鹽之質量百分比應依<a href="#ASTMC1580">ASTM C1580</a> 測定。</div><div>[2] 水中溶解硫酸鹽之濃度ppm 應依<a href="#CNS1237">CNS 1237</a> <strike>或<a href="#ASTMD4130">ASTM D4130</a> </strike>測定。</div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div> 本規範訂定四種影響混凝土耐久性之暴露環境分類,以確保混凝土有足夠之耐久性:</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div><b>暴露類別F:</b>適用暴露於反覆潮濕與凍融環境,不論有無使用除冰化學藥劑之混凝土。</div></div><div><div><b>暴露類別S:</b>適用於接觸含有害量水溶性硫酸根離子土壤或水之混凝土。</div></div><div><div><b>暴露類別W:</b>適用於接觸水之混凝土。</div></div><div><div><b>暴露類別C:</b>適用於需要額外防蝕保護之暴露條件,以抵抗鋼筋腐蝕之非預力與預力混凝土。</div></div></blockquote><div><div><br /></div><div> 每一類別中之暴露嚴重程度,依等級以遞增數值代表增加暴露條件之嚴重性。如果暴露之影響溫和可忽略或該構材不適用該暴露分類時,給予分級0。</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div> 以下討論提供選擇各暴露類別下適當暴露分級之協助,須於每個暴露類別指定構材暴露分級,亦須符合這些暴露下最嚴格的要求。例如,在寒冷氣候下的車庫可能被指定為暴露等級F3、S0、W2及C2,而供暖建築中的飲水儲槽可能被指定為暴露等級F0、S0、W2及C1。</div><div><br /></div><div> 暴露類別F之混凝土是否會受凍融循環損害,視混凝土凍結時空隙內之水量而定(Powers 1975)。此水量可用混凝土飽和度表示。若飽和度够高,混凝土孔隙中水量足以結凍膨脹,產生內張應力造成混凝土開裂。不需要整個構材全部飽和才會受損,例如,板之頂層10 mm或牆之外層6 mm呈飽和狀態,不論內部多乾燥,此板頂或牆外層部分易受凍融損害。</div><div><br /></div><div> 對於任何需要抵抗凍融之部位,混凝土需有足夠輸氣量與強度。藉低w/cm以獲得適當強度,也減少孔隙體積與增加抵抗水進入之能力。輸氣可使混凝土較難逹到飽和,並容許水結凍時有膨脹空間。</div><div><br /></div><div> 暴露分級隨著暴露於水之程度而改變,因其影響凍融循環時混凝土飽和之可能性。長期或經常接觸水且無排水或乾燥機會,是增加混凝土飽和度潛勢之條件。構材中混凝土飽和之可能性與工程地點、結構中構材位置、方位及氣候有關。既有結構中概略相同位置之類似構材性能紀錄,可提供暴露分級指引。</div><div><br /></div><div><b>暴露類別F</b>次分為四種分級:</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(a) F0級暴露為非暴露於反覆凍融之混凝土。</div></div><div><div>(b) F1級暴露為受反覆凍融但受潮有限之混凝土。受潮有限係指混凝土與水有某些接觸與吸水,但不預期會吸收足夠之水而呈飽和狀態。設計者宜謹慎檢視冰凍前混凝土有無飽和之虞。即使在此分級之混凝土不預期會飽和,仍需要最低輸氣3.5至6%以降低萬一因部分混凝土構材飽和而受損之機會。</div></div><div><div>(c) F2級暴露為受反覆凍融且經常暴露於水之混凝土,經常暴露於水意指部分混凝土會在結冰前吸收足夠水量而呈飽和狀態。若指定F1級與F2級有疑慮時,得選用較保守之F2級。F1級與F2級不預期會暴露於除冰化學藥劑之環境。</div></div><div><div>(d) F3級暴露為混凝土受反覆凍融,受潮條件與F2級暴露相同,但預期會暴露於除冰化學藥劑,該藥劑會增加吸水和留存水分(Spragg等人2011),使混凝土較迅速飽和。</div></div><div><div><a href="#表R19.3.1">表R19.3.1</a>提供各暴露分級之混凝土構材範例。</div></div></blockquote><div><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表R.19.3.1">表R.19.3.1 暴露類別F之結構構材範例</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>暴露分級</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="79%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>範例</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<p style="text-align: center;">F0</p>
</td>
<td width="79%">
<p>• 暴露於非結冰溫度下之構材</p>
<p>• 暴露於不會冰涷之內部構材</p>
<p>• 暴露於不會冰涷之基礎</p>
<p>• 埋在土壤冰涷線以下之構材</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<p style="text-align: center;">F1</p>
</td>
<td width="79%">
<p>• 不積雪或積冰之構材,如外牆、梁、大梁和不與土壤直接接觸之版</p>
<p>• 基礎牆可能屬於此分級,端視其飽和之可能性</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<p style="text-align: center;">F2</p>
</td>
<td width="79%">
<p>• 會積雪或積冰之構材,如室外之高架版 (elevated slab)</p>
<p>• 基礎或地下室外牆於地表上會積雪或積冰之延伸部位</p>
<p>• 與土壤接觸之水平或垂直構材</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">
<p style="text-align: center;">F3</p>
</td>
<td width="79%">
<p>• 暴露於除冰化學藥劑之構材,如停車場結構之水平構材</p>
<p>• 基礎或地下室外牆於地表上會遭遇積雪、積冰或除冰化學藥劑之延伸部位</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div><b>暴露類別S</b>次分為四種分級:</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(a) S0級暴露適用於接觸低濃度水溶性硫酸鹽,不需考慮硫酸鹽侵蝕之條件。</div></div><div><div>(b) S1、S2與S3級暴露適用於直接接觸到含水溶性硫酸鹽土壤或水之結構混凝土構材。暴露之嚴重程度由S1級遞增至S3級,以土壤中所量測之水溶性硫酸鹽濃度或水中溶解硫酸鹽濃度之臨界值為依據。土壤中硫酸鹽之質量百分比應依<a href="#ASTMC1580">ASTM C1580</a>測定。水中溶解硫酸鹽之濃度ppm應依<a href="#CNS1237">CNS 1237</a>測定。海水環境列為S1級暴露。</div></div></blockquote><div><div><br /></div><div><b>暴露類別W</b>次分為三種分級:</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(a) W0級暴露適用於乾燥環境。</div></div><div><div>(b) W1級暴露可適用於連續接觸水、斷續水源或可由周圍土壤吸收水分之環境。指定W1之構材不需要具低滲透性的混凝土。</div></div><div><div>(c) W2級暴露可適用於連續接觸水、斷續水源或可由周圍土壤吸收水分及水滲入混凝土可能降低構材之耐久性或服務性之環境。指定W2之構材需要具低滲透性的混凝土。</div></div></blockquote><div><div><br /></div><div><b>暴露類別C</b>次分為三種分級:</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div>(a) C0級暴露適用於不需額外防蝕保護鋼筋之條件。</div></div><div><div>(b) C1與C2級暴露適用於非預力和預力混凝土構材,依暴露於外界之濕度與氯離子濃度而定。暴露於外來氯離子之例子,包括混凝土直接接觸除冰化學藥劑、鹽、鹽水、微鹹水、海水,或此等之潑濺水。</div></div></blockquote><hr />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b><section id="19.3.2 混凝土拌成物要求">19.3.2 混凝土拌成物要求</section></b></div></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;">19.3.2.1 混凝土拌成物應基於<a href="#表19.3.1.1">表19.3.1.1</a>暴露分級並符合<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>中最嚴格之要求。</div></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1 不同暴露分級之混凝土要求</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="75">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>暴露分級</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="56">
<p><strong>最大</strong><strong><em>w</em></strong><strong>/<em>cm</em></strong><strong><sup>[1,2]</sup></strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="75">
<p><strong>最小</strong><strong><em>f<sub>c</sub></em></strong><strong>¢</strong></p>
<p>kgf/cm<sup>2</sup> [MPa]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="295">
<p><strong>附加要求</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="119">
<p><strong>膠結材之</strong><strong>限制</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p><strong>含氣量</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>F0</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>210 [21]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>F1</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.55</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>245 [24]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p>混凝土適用<a href="#表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1</a>、噴凝土適用<a href="#表19.3.3.3">表19.3.3.3</a></p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>F2</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.45</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>315 [31]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p>混凝土適用<a href="#表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1</a>、噴凝土適用<a href="#表19.3.3.3">表19.3.3.3</a></p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>F3</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.40<sup>[3]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>350 [35]<sup>[3]</sup></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p>混凝土適用<a href="#表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1</a>、噴凝土適用<a href="#表19.3.3.3">表19.3.3.3</a></p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422B" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(b)節</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="4" rowspan="2" width="206"> </td>
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p>膠結材料 <sup>[4]</sup> -種類</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="119">
<p>氯化鈣摻料</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td width="142">
<p><a href="#CNS61">CNS 61</a></p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p><a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>S0</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>210 [21]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>無限制</p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>無限制</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>無限制</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>S1</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.50</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>280 [28]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>II<sup>[5,6]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>含(MS)標記之分類</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>無限制</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>S2</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.45</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>315 [31]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>V<sup>[6]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>含(HS)標記之分類</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td rowspan="2" width="33">
<p>S3</p>
</td>
<td width="42">
<p>選項1</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.45</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>315 [31]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>V加卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉<sup>[7]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>含(HS)標記之分類加卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉<sup>[7]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td width="42">
<p>選項2</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.40</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>350 [35]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>V<sup>[8]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>含(HS)標記之分類</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>不允許</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="7" width="620"> </td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>W0</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>210 [21]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" width="414">
<p>無</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>W1</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>210 [21]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" width="414">
<p><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>W2</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>0.5</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>280 [28]</p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" width="414">
<p><a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="4" rowspan="2" width="206"> </td>
<td colspan="2" width="295">
<p><strike>新拌</strike>硬固混凝土中最大水溶性氯離子(C<em>l</em><sup>-</sup>)含量<br />相對於配比中總膠結材質量比(%) <sup>[9,10]</sup></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="119">
<p>額外規定</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td width="142">
<p>非預力混凝土</p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>預力混凝土</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>C0<sup>[12]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>210 [21]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>1.00</p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>0.06</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p>無</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2" width="75">
<p>C1</p>
</td>
<td width="56">
<p>N/A</p>
</td>
<td width="75">
<p>210 [21]</p>
</td>
<td width="142">
<p>0.30</p>
</td>
<td width="153">
<p>0.06</p>
</td>
<td width="119"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" width="75">
<p>C2</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="56">
<p>0.40</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="75">
<p>350 [35]</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="142">
<p>0.15</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="153">
<p>0.06</p>
</td>
<td width="119">
<p style="text-align: center;">混凝土保護層厚度<sup>[11]</sup></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>[1] w/cm係基於混凝土拌成物中所有之膠結及輔助膠結材料。</div><div>[2] 表中之w/cm最大限不適用於輕質混凝土。</div><div>[3] 無筋混凝土之w/cm最大限為0.45,`fc^'`最低限為315 `kgf//cm^2` [31 MPa]。</div><div>[4] 所列膠結材料之替代組合,經抗硫酸鹽測試且能符合<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422C" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(c)節</a>中之準則者,允許使用。</div><div>[5] 暴露於海水環境下,若w/cm不超過0.40時,允許使用鋁酸三鈣(`C_3A`)為10%以下之其他類型卜特蘭水泥。</div><div>[6] 允許於暴露分級S1或S2中使用其他種類之水泥,如I型或III型,若`C_3A`含量低於8%則可用於S1暴露分級或含量低於5%則可用於S2暴露分級。</div><div>[7] 當使用於含V型水泥之混凝土時,指定來源之卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉用量,須至少達可改善抗硫酸鹽能力使用紀錄之用量。或者,指定來源之卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉用量,須至少為符合<a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a>及符合<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422C" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(c)節</a>中準則所定之用量。</div><div>[8] 若僅使用V型水泥作為膠結材料時,須指定<a href="#CNS61">CNS 61</a>任選規定中所及,抗硫酸鹽膨脹下之最大膨脹量0.040 %。</div><div>[9] 用於測定氯離子含量之<strike>補</strike>輔助膠結材質量不應超過水泥質量。</div><div>[10] 測定氯離子含量之標準見於<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2節</a>。</div><div>[11] 混凝土保護層厚度須符合<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S205" target="_blank">第20.5節</a>規定。</div><div><div>[12] 此分級適用於環境乾燥之地區,例如美國沙漠地區,因鋼筋腐蝕之疑慮甚低,因此允許</div><div>更高的混凝土氯離子含量,該分級不適用於臺灣等海島環境。</div></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div> 混凝土耐久性為其抵抗液體侵入的能力所影響,耐久性主要受到混凝土w/cm 與膠結材料組成影響。在已知w/cm 下,使用飛灰、水淬高爐爐碴粉、矽灰,或此類材料之組合,通常可增強混凝土抵抗液體侵入的能力,進而改善混凝土耐久性。本規範於<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>提供w/cm的極限,以達到低透水及預期耐久性,<a href="#ASTMC1202">ASTM C1202</a>可提供混凝土抵抗液體侵入能力之指標。</div><div><br /></div><div><div> 因為現地不能利用標準試驗法精確地驗證混凝土的w/cm,故以強度試驗來代替,由<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>中的各w/cm極限指定最低的 `fc^'`代表值。<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#_26.12_%E7%A1%AC%E5%9B%BA%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E8%88%87%E9%A9%97%E6%94%B6" target="_blank">第26.12節</a>中,抗壓試驗的允收準則訂定了不超過最大w/cm的依據。欲可靠使用此方法,設計圖說中所指定的 `fc^'`值得與最大w/cm一致。考量到包括區域變異性下可能廣泛的材料與混凝土拌成物,<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>中與最大w/cm相關之最低 `fc^'`極限不宜被認為絕對的。在有些情況下,某w/cm之混凝土拌成物平均強度可相當地高於由 `fc^'`代表值所預期之平均強度。對於一個暴露等級,為獲得最大w/cm與 `fc^'`間較佳的一致性,設計者可選擇指定一個高於表列的 `fc^'`值。若滿足強度允收準則,則更能把握混凝土符合該w/cm極限。</div><div><br /></div><div> 如<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>附註所述,因為輕質粒料所吸收的拌合水,造成w/cm的計算不確定,故輕質混凝土並未指定 w/cm 最大限。因此,僅指定最低的 `fc^'`以達到要求的耐久性。</div><div><br /></div><div> <a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>提供混凝土在各暴露分級之要求。當混凝土同時面對多種暴露條件時,宜取最嚴格之要求。例如,有一構材同時為W1級和S2級時,因為S2級之規定比W1級嚴格,故該構材之混凝土需符合S2級規定,最大w/cm為0.45及最低 `fc^'`為315 `kgf//cm^2` [31 MPa]。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b> F1,F2與F3級暴露:</b>除遵照最高限w/cm與最低限`fc^'`外,暴露於凍融環境之混凝土構材亦要求依<a href="#19.3.3.1">第19.3.3.1節</a>規定輸氣。適用F3級環境之構材亦要求符合<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422B" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(b)節</a>規定,限制膠結材料中卜作嵐材料與水淬高爐爐碴粉之用量。</div><div> 因為没有鋼筋腐蝕問題,故對F3級暴露之純混凝土構材要求比較寬鬆。設計者宜考慮純混凝土構材中之最少配筋量,確認在個案中較寬鬆之要求。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>S1,S2與S3級暴露:</b><a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>列出暴露不同硫酸鹽侵蝕條件時,適當之水泥型式、最高w/cm、及最低`fc^'`限制。選用抗硫酸鹽侵蝕水泥,主要是考慮鋁酸三鈣 (`C_3A`) 之含量。</div><div><br /></div><div> 飛灰 (<a href="#CNS3036">CNS 3036</a>,F類)、天然卜作嵐材料 (<a href="#CNS3036">CNS 3036</a>, N類)、矽灰 (<a href="#CNS15648">CNS 15648</a>) 或水淬高爐爐碴粉(<a href="#CNS12549">CNS 12549</a>) 的使用已證明可改善混凝土抵抗硫酸鹽侵蝕 (Li及Roy 1986, <a href="#ACI233">ACI 233R</a>, <a href="#ACI234">ACI 234R</a>)。因此,<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>之附註[7]提供了一個性能選項,以決定這些材料與表列特定水泥組合使用時的適當用量。依<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422C" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(c)節</a>,可用<a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a>來評估使用膠結材料組合的拌成物抗硫酸鹽侵蝕性能。</div><div><br /></div><div> 部分<a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a>和<a href="#ASTMC1157">ASTM C1157</a>之混合水泥,可在不另外添加卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉下,達到<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422C" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(c)節</a>之試驗要求。</div><div><br /></div><div> 須注意抗硫酸鹽侵蝕水泥不會增加混凝土抵抗其它強烈化學溶液侵蝕之能力,例如硫酸,設計圖說中得載明此類情況。</div><div><br /></div><div> 除選用適當膠結材料外,暴露於水溶性硫酸鹽下其他增進混凝土耐久性之要求是必要的,如w/cm、強度、搗實、均勻性、鋼筋保護層、及濕養護,以發揮混凝土之潛在性質。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>S1級暴露:</b><a href="#CNS61">CNS 61</a>第II型水泥之`C_3A`最高含量限制為8 %可適用於暴露S1級。亦可使用<a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a>中有標記MS之混合水泥,指的是該水泥達到抗中度硫酸鹽的要求。在<a href="#ASTMC1157">ASTM C1157</a>中,適合暴露中度硫酸鹽之類型為MS。</div><div> 即使海水通常含有超過 1500 ppm 之`SO_4^(2-)`,<a href="#表19.3.1.1">表19.3.1.1</a>仍將海水列為S1級暴露 (中度暴露)。浸泡於海水下的水泥,相較浸泡於含同樣硫酸鹽含量的淡水時,具有較低的膨脹量 (<a href="#ACI2012">ACI 201.2R</a>)。因此,海水與含低濃度硫酸鹽之溶液列為同一暴露分級。若最大w/cm為0.40時,允許使用`C_3A`不超過10 %之卜特蘭水泥 (見<a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>附註)。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>S2級暴露:</b><a href="#CNS61">CNS 61</a> 第V型水泥之`C_3A`最高含量限制為5 %,可適用於S2級暴露。<a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a>中,適合之二元與三元混合水泥包含HS標記,代表該水泥合乎抗高度硫酸鹽侵蝕之要求。在<a href="#ASTMC1157">ASTM C1157</a>中,適合暴露高度硫酸鹽之類型為HS。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>S3級暴露 (選項1):</b>添加卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉的好處在於允許使用高於選項2的w/cm。補助膠結材料的用量係基於依<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422C" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(c)節</a>所進行的試驗或連續成功的使用紀錄。</div></div><div><div> <b>S3級暴露 (選項2):</b>此選項允許使用滿足選擇性極限最大膨脹量0.04 %的<a href="#CNS61">CNS 61</a>第V型卜特蘭水泥、<a href="#CNS15286">CNS 15286</a>中含HS標記的二元與三元混合水泥及未添加額外卜作嵐材料或水淬高爐爐碴粉的<a href="#ASTMC1157">ASTM C1157</a> HS型水泥,但是其相對地需要較選項1較低w/cm。此較低w/cm降低混凝土滲透性,因此增加其抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力 (Lenz 1992)。使用此較低w/cm時,允許符合<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422C" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(c)節</a>規定,以較短測試週期來驗證一個膠結系統的抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>W1級暴露:</b>適用於對低滲透性無特別要求之混凝土。然而由於暴露於水中,本規範(<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a>)要求依ASTM C1778證明用於混凝土中的粒料非具鹼活性。如果粒料具鹼-二氧化矽活性,本規範(<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a>)亦要求提供建議補救措施。本規範(<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a>)禁止使用鹼-碳酸鹽質活性的粒料。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>W2級暴露:</b>適用於具低滲透性之混凝土。達到低滲透性混凝土之主要方法為降低w/cm。對已知w/cm而言,最佳化混凝土拌成物中之膠結材料亦可降低滲透性。除此之外,由於暴露於水中,本規範(<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a>)要求依<a href="#ASTMC1778">ASTM C1778</a>證明用於混凝土中的粒料非具鹼活性。如果粒料具鹼-二氧化矽活性,本規範(<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a>)亦要求提供建議補救措施。本規範(<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422D" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(d)節</a>)禁止使用鹼-碳酸鹽質活性的粒料。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>C2級暴露:</b>適用於C2級暴露之非預力與預力混凝土,考量其最高w/cm、最低規定抗壓強度、及最小保護層厚度均為基本要求。應評估暴露於氯鹽下之結構物條件,例如可由車輛帶入氯鹽之立體停車場,或靠近海邊之結構物。採用塗布鋼筋、抗蝕鋼筋或保護層大於<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S205" target="_blank">第20.5節</a>之最小要求,均可提供此條件下額外之防護。使用符合<a href="#CNS12549">CNS 12549</a>之水淬高爐爐碴粉、符合<a href="#CNS3036">CNS 3036</a>之飛灰,及增加規定抗壓強度都可增加其保護能力。使用符合<a href="#CNS15648">CNS 15648</a>之矽灰,搭配符合<a href="#CNS12283">CNS 12283</a>中F型與G型或<a href="#CNS12833">CNS 12833</a>之高性能減水劑,亦可提供額外之保護 (Ozyildirim及Halstead 1988)。利用<a href="#CNS14794">CNS 14794</a>檢驗計畫使用之混凝土拌成物,可提供額外之混凝土性能資訊。</div><div><br /></div><div> <b>C類暴露之氯離子限制:</b>本規範規定混凝土氯離子含量,係指混凝土材料中所含水溶性氯離子之總量,並不包括來自外界環境者。未受外來氯離子污染之硬固混凝土,因水泥之水合反應及物理吸附作用會使部分氯不溶於水,所以其水溶性氯離子含量會隨時間增加較新拌混凝土低。一般認為水溶性氯離子對鋼筋腐蝕較有影響。</div><div><br /></div><div> 即使對於暴露等級C0,來自混凝土材料的水溶性氯離子可潛在地造成鋼筋腐蝕,不論暴露等級,皆須對於非預力及預力混凝土兩者設限。</div><div><br /></div><div> 對於非預力混凝土,混凝土中允許之最大水溶性氯離子含量依暴露所預期之濕度與氯離子濃度而定。對於預力混凝土,不論暴露程度,氯離子與總膠結材質量比上限皆為0.06%。預力混凝</div><div><div>土之氯離子含量限制較非預力混凝土為低,因為預力鋼筋腐蝕之結果一般較非預力鋼筋腐蝕之結果嚴重。</div></div><div><br /></div><div> 預力鋼筋因腐蝕造成的斷面積折減可導致鋼材的破裂 (<a href="#ACI222">ACI 222R</a>)。氯離子的存在可造成埋置鋁材如電管腐蝕,尤其當鋁材接觸到埋置鋼材且混凝土處於一個潮濕環境時。<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/11/20240101.html#S2063" target="_blank">第20.6.3節</a>及<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S2682" target="_blank">第26.8.2節</a>提供了保護鋁質埋置物以避免腐蝕的要求。</div><div><br /></div><div><div> 氯離子的容許含量係基於總膠結材料質量而非僅基於卜特蘭水泥之質量。這反映輔助性膠結材料在降低滲透性與結合氯離子的有益效果,因此有助於抑制腐蝕 (Kosmatka與Wilson 2016)</div><div>。隨著輔助性膠結材料用量的增加,其有益之影響會逐漸減弱,因此規範將輔助性膠結材料的質量限制為可用來計算混凝土中氯離子允許含量之總膠結材質量的50% (Tepke et al. 2016)。</div></div><div><br /></div><div> <strike><a href="#表19.3.2.1">表19.3.2.1</a>新拌混凝土中最大水溶性氯離子 (`Cl^-`) 含量在<a href="#ACI318">ACI 318-19</a>所訂之容許值係依混凝土配比中膠結料重量乘上一定比例計算所得,以一般混凝土配比之膠結材重量而言,計算所得之最大氯離子含量遠高於現行<a href="#CNS3090">CNS 3090</a>之規定,且其對預力混凝土之要求高於非預力混凝土,兩者之要求明顯有別。</strike></div><div><br /></div><div> 有關氯離子對於鋼筋腐蝕的影響,額外資訊可見於提供混凝土耐久性指南的<a href="#ACI2012">ACI 201.2R</a>,及提供影響混凝土中金屬腐蝕的影響因子的<a href="#ACI222">ACI 222R</a>。<a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2節</a>提供評估氯離子含量的要求。</div></div><hr /><br />
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b><section id="19.3.3 暴露於凍融之附加要求">19.3.3 暴露於凍融之附加要求</section></b></div></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><section id="19.3.3.1"><section id="S19331">19.3.3.1</section> 暴露於F1、F2或F3級凍融之混凝土,除<a href="#19.3.3.6">第19.3.3.6節</a>允許者外,須依<a href="#表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1</a>之含氣量輸氣。 </section></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"> </div></blockquote></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1 暴露於凍融環境之混凝土總含氣量</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>粗粒料之標稱最大粒徑,</strong><strong>mm</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="55%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>目標含氣量</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>F1</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>F2</strong><strong>及</strong><strong>F3</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">9.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">6.0</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">7.5</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">12.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">5.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">7.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">19.0</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">5.0</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">6.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">25.0</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">4.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">6.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">37.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">4.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">5.5</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">50</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">4.0</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">5.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="44%">
<p style="text-align: center;">75</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">3.5</p>
</td>
<td width="27%">
<p style="text-align: center;">4.5</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">解說:</h3><div> 根據<a href="#ACI2111">ACI 211.1</a>混凝土拌成物配比指南,本規範表列抗反覆凍融之混凝土含氣量。混凝土在飽和狀態下,若粗粒料會因冰凍導致體積變化而破裂時,輸氣方式無法保護混凝土。</div><hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">19.3.3.2 混凝土應依<a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a>取樣,並應依<a href="#CNS9661">CNS 9661</a>或<a href="#CNS9662">CNS 9662</a>量測空氣含量。</blockquote></blockquote><div><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;">解說:</h3></div><div> 驗收新拌混凝土之含氣量通常是在拌和機或運輸工具 (如預拌車) 卸料後,進入澆置設備前取樣。<br /><br /></div><div> <a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a>規定從拌和機或運輸工具卸料後之混凝土取樣,但在部分情況下可能會要求從其他位置取樣,如泵浦管尾。<a href="#表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1</a>適用於試驗卸料時之混凝土。<a href="#CNS9661">CNS 9661</a>適用於常重混凝土,而<a href="#CNS9662">CNS 9662</a>適用於常重或輕質混凝土。<br /><br /></div><div> 如設計者要求額外增加檢測新拌混凝土含氣量之取樣點時,宜在設計圖說中載明,包括取樣、試驗方法及合格標準等。</div><hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><section id="19.3.3.3">19.3.3.3 須輸氣受到凍融暴露F1、F2或F3級之濕拌噴凝土。須輸氣受到凍融暴露F3級之乾拌噴凝土。除了<a href="#19.3.3.6">第19.3.3.6節</a>所允許者外,含氣量應符合<a href="#表19.3.3.3">表19.3.3.3</a>所列。</section></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><section id="表19.3.3.3">表19.3.3.3 暴露於凍融循環之噴凝土總含氣量</section></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="39%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>拌成物種類</strong></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="22%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>取樣位置</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" width="38%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>目標含氣量,</strong><strong>%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>F1</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>F2</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>F3</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="39%">
<p style="text-align: center;">濕拌噴凝土</p>
</td>
<td width="22%">
<p style="text-align: center;">澆置前</p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;">5.0</p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;">6.0</p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;">6.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="39%">
<p style="text-align: center;">乾拌噴凝土</p>
</td>
<td width="22%">
<p style="text-align: center;">現地</p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;">N/A<sup>[1]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;">N/A<sup>[1]</sup></p>
</td>
<td width="12%">
<p style="text-align: center;">4.5</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />[1] 乾拌噴凝土於這些暴露等級中不需要輸氣。<br /><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;">解說:</h3><div> 添加輸氣劑可提升濕拌噴凝土抗凍融能力 (<a href="#ACI506">ACI 506R</a>)。於澆置前,若具有如<a href="#表19.3.3.3">表19.3.3.3</a>所指定之含氣量,將提供所需抗凍融性能。高於所指定含氣量並不提升噴凝土性能,因為一旦達到耐久性所需適當含氣量,則沒有更多效益。如同所有混凝土,太多含氣量將降低強度。</div><div><br /></div><div> 於未暴露於鹽水或除冰鹽的凍融環境中,無輸氣之乾拌噴凝土表現良好 (<a href="#ACI506">ACI 506R</a>;Seegebrecht等人1989)。暴露於鹽水或除冰鹽時,可添加濕式或乾式輸氣劑於乾拌噴凝土中,以提供於此類暴露所需耐久性之含氣量 (Bertrand及Vezina 1994)。於交貨地取樣之濕拌噴凝土,其較高含氣量係考量到施噴中所預期含氣量損失。</div><hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>19.3.3.4 濕拌噴凝土應符合<a href="#CNS1174">CNS 1174</a>取樣,且其含氣量應符合<a href="#CNS9661">CNS 9661</a>或<a href="#CNS9662">CNS 9662</a>量測。</div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div>19.3.3.5 乾拌噴凝土應如設計者所指示而取樣並量測含氣量。</div></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;">解說:</h3></div><div> 如果設計者需要量測新拌乾拌噴凝土的含氣量時,將於設計圖說中闡明此要求,包括取樣頻率、取樣程序、欲使用之測試方法及允收準則。</div><div><br /></div><div> 乾拌噴凝土所需的含氣量由現地噴凝土取樣而得,該含氣量可由符合<a href="#ASTMC457">ASTM C457</a>分析所需之噴凝土測試板鑽心而驗證。在拌成物的開發過程中,可用不同輸氣劑量來準備噴凝土試驗格板,並以鑽心決定能於澆置後提供所需含氣量的劑量。<br /><br /></div><div> 於施工中以<a href="#ASTMC457">ASTM C457</a>來品質控制並不實際。儘管施工中無乾拌噴凝土含氣量的標準試驗,仍有業界所接受的試驗法,這些決定含氣量的方法,涉及取得乾拌噴凝土樣本及執行如<a href="#CNS9661">CNS 9661</a>的標準試驗。<br /><br /></div><div> 乾拌噴凝土含氣量的現場量測,可藉由直接施噴材料於含氣測定儀的容器而達到(Betrand及Vezina 1994)。含氣量試驗的試樣亦可由施噴到試驗格板上、單輪手推車中或地表面上取得,這些樣品接著可用於依<a href="#CNS9661">CNS 9661</a>進行的試驗。</div><hr /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><section id="19.3.3.6">19.3.3.6 `fc^'`大於350 `kgf//cm^2` [35 MPa]者,含氣量可依<a href="#表19.3.3.1">表19.3.3.1</a>及<a href="#19.3.3.3">第19.3.3.3節</a>指示量減少1.0 %。</section></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">解說:</h3></div><div> 本節允許`fc^'`大於350 `kgf//cm^2` [35 MPa] 混凝土可降低1.0 %之含氣量。此類含有較低w/cm及孔隙率之高強度混凝土,具有較高之抗反覆凍融能力。</div><hr /></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div style="text-align: left;">19.3.3.7 卜作嵐材料 (包括飛灰及矽灰) 加上水淬高爐爐碴粉佔F3級暴露下混凝土之最大質量百分比,須依<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422B" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(b)節</a>之規定。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><div><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3></div><div> 本條文係應用於混凝土拌成物設計,並於<a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422B" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2(b)節</a>重申此規定。附加解說見第二十六章。</div><hr />
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><section id="19.3.4 氯離子含量之附加要求">19.3.4 氯離子含量之附加要求</section></b></div></div></blockquote>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div style="text-align: left;">19.3.4.1 除非其他專案條件要求更嚴格之極限,採用免拆鍍鋅鋼模澆置之非預力混凝土應符合暴露C1級之氯離子極限。</div></div></blockquote></blockquote><div><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">解說:</span></h3><div> 鍍鋅鋼板或免拆鍍鋅鋼模可能發生腐蝕,尤其是在潮濕環境中或被混凝土厚度、塗層或不透水覆蓋物抑制乾燥時。若使用免拆鍍鋅鋼模時,<strike>混凝土最大水溶性氯離子含量為0.15</strike> <strike>`kg//cm^3`。</strike> 最大氯離子含量必須限制為0.3 %。對於更嚴重的暴露環境,例如C2級暴露之混凝土,氯離子含量須更嚴格地限制為0.15 %。</div><div><br /></div><div> 於設計時,設計者可能不知道是否使用鋁質埋置物或免拆鍍鋅鋼模。</div><div><br /></div><div> <a href="https://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S2682" target="_blank">第26.8.2節</a>提及鋁質埋置物的使用。</div><div><br /></div><div> <a href="http://news.concrete.tw/2023/09/20240101.html#S26422" target="_blank">第26.4.2.2節</a>提及免拆鍍鋅鋼模的使用。</div><hr /><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><section id="19.4 灌漿材料之耐久性要求">19.4 灌漿材料之耐久性要求</section></span></h1>
<div><a name="S1941">19.4.1</a> 依<a href="#CNS14703">CNS 14703</a>試驗,<strike>包覆鋼腱之灌漿材料其</strike>握裹鋼腱灌漿材料之硬固最大水溶性氯離子含量相對於總膠結材質量比不得超過0.06%<strike>0.15 `kg//m^3`</strike>。</div><hr /><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<div>
<section id="CNS 61"><a name="CNS61"></a>CNS 61 <span style="background-color: white;">卜特蘭水泥</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 1174"><a name="CNS1174"></a>CNS 1174 <span style="background-color: white;">新拌混凝土取樣法</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 1237"><a name="CNS1237"></a>CNS 1237 <span style="background-color: white;">混凝土用水品質試驗法</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 1240"><a name="CNS1240"></a>CNS 1240 <span style="background-color: white;">混凝土粒料</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 3036"><a name="CNS3036"></a>CNS 3036 <span style="background-color: white;">混凝土用飛灰及天然或煆燒卜作嵐攙和物</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 3090"><a name="CNS3690"></a>CNS 3090 <span style="background-color: white;">預拌混凝土</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 3691"><a name="CNS3691"></a>CNS 3691 <span style="background-color: white;">混凝土用輸氣附加劑</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 9661"><a name="CNS9661"></a>CNS 9661 <span style="background-color: white;">拌混凝土空氣含量試驗法(壓力法)</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 9662"><a name="CNS9662"></a>CNS 9662 <span style="background-color: white;">新拌混凝土空氣含量試驗法(容積法)</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 12549"><a name="CNS12549"></a>CNS 12549 <span style="background-color: white;">混凝土及水泥砂漿用水淬高爐爐碴粉</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 12833"><a name="CNS12833"></a>CNS 12833 <span style="background-color: white;">流動化混凝土用化學摻料</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 13465"><a name="CNS13465"></a>CNS 13465 <span style="background-color: white;">拌混凝土中水溶性氯離子含量試驗法</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 14703"><a name="CNS14703"></a>CNS 14703 <span style="background-color: white;">硬固水泥砂漿及混凝土中水溶性氯離子含量試驗法</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 14794"><a name="CNS14794"></a>CNS 14794 水<span style="background-color: white;">硬性水泥砂漿棒暴露於硫酸鹽溶液中之長度變化試驗法</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 15286"><a name="CNS15286"></a>CNS 15286 水<span style="background-color: white;">硬性混合水泥</span></section></div>
<div><section id="CNS 15648"><a name="CNS15648"></a>CNS 15648 <span style="background-color: white;">膠結混合料用矽灰</span></section></div>
</div>
<div><br />
</div>
<div>
<div><a name="ASTMC457"></a>ASTM C457 Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete (硬固混凝土的孔隙分佈)</div><div>ASTM C469 Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression (受壓混凝土的靜彈性模數與蒲松氏比)</div><div>ASTM C1157 Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement (水硬性水泥的性能規範)</div><div>
<a name="ASTMC1202"></a>ASTM C1202 ASTM C1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration (利用電通性質評估混凝土抗氯離子滲入能力)</div><div>
<a name="ASTMC1580"></a>ASTM C1580 Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil (土壤中的水溶性硫酸鹽試驗法)</div><div>
<a name="ASTMC1778"></a>ASTM C1778 Standard Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ASTMD4130"></a>ASTM D4130 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>
<a name="ACI2012"></a>ACI 201.2R Guide to Durable Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ACI2111"></a>ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ACI213"></a>ACI 213R Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ACI222"></a>ACI 222R Guide to Protection of Metals in Concrete Against Corrosion</div><div>
<a name="ACI233"></a>ACI 233R Guide to the Use of Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar</div><div>
<a name="ACI234"></a>ACI 234R Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ACI237"></a>ACI 237R Self-Consolidating Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ACI318"></a>ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary</div><div>
<a name="ACI363"></a>ACI PRC-363 Report on High-Strength Concrete</div><div>
<a name="ACI435"></a>ACI PRC-435 Report on Deflection of Nonprestressed Concrete Structures</div><div>
<a name="ACI506"></a>ACI PRC-506 Guide to Shotcrete</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>
<hr />
</div><div>使用符號:</div></div><div><div><span>`C_3A`</span></div><div><span>`Cl^-`</span></div><div><span>`E_c`</span></div><div><span>`fc^'`</span></div><div><span>`f_r`</span></div><div><span>`f_y`</span></div><div>`kgf//cm^2`</div><div>`kg//m^3`</div><div><span>`lambda`</span></div><div><span>`SO_4^(2-)`</span></div><div><span>`w_c`<br /></span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-12141745500830135842023-08-06T15:29:00.005+08:002023-08-31T09:42:15.074+08:00電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)規定總覽 (20230414發布版本)<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 640px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p><strong>再利用用途</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p><strong>不銹鋼製程產生之還原碴(石)</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>二</strong><strong>)</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>經高壓蒸氣處理</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>二</strong><strong>)</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>與產源事業簽訂記載高壓蒸氣安定化處理執行單位</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>一</strong><strong>)2.(1))</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>與產源事業簽訂記載安定化處理(含高壓蒸氣處理)執行單位</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>一</strong><strong>)2.(2))</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p><strong>破碎、磁選及篩分</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>一</strong><strong>)3.(1))</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>水合膨脹試驗</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>一</strong><strong>)3.(3))</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>安定化處理執行單位須具備高壓蒸氣處理設備</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>一</strong><strong>)3.(4))</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>申報流向</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>遞送聯單、即時追蹤系統</strong><strong>)</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>三</strong><strong>)12.)</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p><strong>銷售特別規定</strong></p>
<p><strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>三</strong><strong>)13.)</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p><strong>用途限制</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>水泥生料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>瀝青混凝土粒料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.5%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>瀝青混凝土原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.5%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>不得使用於特定區域<strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>三</strong><strong>)7.)</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>控制性低強度回填材料用粒料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.5%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>控制性低強度回填材料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.5%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>僅限供作管溝回填及公共工程道路之路基、基層、底層、坑洞或其他回填用途使用<strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>三</strong><strong>)13.(3))</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>鋪面工程(道路、人行道、貨櫃場或停車場)之基層或底層級配粒料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.5%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>紐澤西護欄原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.05%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>海事工程用粒料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V, 0.5%</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>僅限使用於商港、工業專用港或已核定造地之工業區<strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>三</strong><strong>)13.(2))</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>非構造物用預拌混凝土原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>僅得供作非構造物用途及製造業與倉儲業廠區之建築物主要構造以外用途使用<strong>(</strong><strong>四</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>三</strong><strong>)13.(4))</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>水泥製品用粒料原料</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>產品</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>混凝土(地)磚</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>空心磚</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>水泥瓦</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>水泥板</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>緣石</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>混凝土管</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>人孔</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="121">
<p>溝蓋</p>
</td>
<td width="69">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>氧化碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>還原碴(石)</p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p>V</p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="92">
<p> </p>
</td>
<td width="93">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-23416569860611576672023-08-05T16:34:00.009+08:002023-08-31T09:41:33.911+08:00電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)檢測標準 (20230414發布版本)<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 640px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 65px;">
<td rowspan="2" style="height: 119px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>項目</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="height: 65px; width: 212.344px;">
<p>產源端管制標準</p>
<p><strong>(四(二)1.)</strong></p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="height: 65px; width: 374.125px;">
<p>再生粒料管制標準</p>
<p><strong>(四(</strong><strong>一</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>4</strong><strong>.)</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 54px;">
<td style="height: 54px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>檢驗方法</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 54px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>限值 (mg/L)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 54px; width: 82.5469px;">
<p>檢驗方法</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 54px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>最終再利用產品使用地點非屬環境敏感區之標準值 (mg/L)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 54px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>最終再利用產品使用地點屬環境敏感區之標準值 (mg/L)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 65px;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 65px; width: 291.875px;">
<p>有害事業廢棄物認定標準</p>
<p>(附表四 毒性特性溶出程序(TCLP)溶出標準)</p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="height: 65px; width: 374.125px;">
<p>事業廢棄物再利用管理辦法</p>
<p>(附件三 再生粒料之戴奧辛及環境用途溶出標準)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82px;">
<td style="height: 82px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>鉛</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C NIEA R314.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦5.0</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="11" style="height: 858px; width: 82.5469px;">
<p>NIEA R222.10C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦0.1</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.01</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82px;">
<td style="height: 82px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>鎘</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C NIEA R314.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦1.0</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦0.05</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.005</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82px;">
<td style="height: 82px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>鉻</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C NIEA R314.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦5.0</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦0.5</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.05</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82px;">
<td style="height: 82px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>硒</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C NIEA R300.10C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦1.0</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82px;">
<td style="height: 82px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>銅</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C NIEA R314.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦15.0</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦10</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 82px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦1.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 93px;">
<td style="height: 93px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>鋇</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C</p>
<p>NIEA R306.13C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦100</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 93px;">
<td style="height: 93px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>六價鉻</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C</p>
<p>NIEA R309.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦2.5</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 93px;">
<td style="height: 93px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>砷</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C</p>
<p>NIEA R314.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 114.812px;">
<p><5.0</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦0.5</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.05</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 93px;">
<td style="height: 93px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>汞</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R201.15C</p>
<p>NIEA R314.12C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 114.812px;">
<p><0.2</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦0.02</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 93px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.002</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38px;">
<td style="height: 38px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>鎳</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦1</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.1</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38px;">
<td style="height: 38px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>鋅</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>‐</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦50</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 38px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦5.0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 65px;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 65px; width: 291.875px;">
<p>有害事業廢棄物認定標準</p>
<p>(4.三.)</p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="height: 65px; width: 374.125px;">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79px;">
<td style="height: 79px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>戴奧辛</p>
<p>(ng I-TEQ/g)</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 79px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA M801.13B</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 79px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>≦1.0</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 79px; width: 82.5469px;">
<p>NIEA M801.13B</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 79px; width: 139.375px;">
<p>≦0.1</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 79px; width: 140.203px;">
<p>≦0.1</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 57px;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 57px; width: 291.875px;">
<p>有害事業廢棄物認定標準</p>
<p>(4.五.(一))</p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="height: 83px; width: 374.125px;">
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; width: 73.5312px;">
<p>pH</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 26px; width: 91.5312px;">
<p>NIEA R208.04C</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 26px; width: 114.812px;">
<p>2-12.5</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<hr />
<div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><p> <span face="新細明體, serif">行政院環保署環境檢驗所<br /></span>NIEA (National Institute of Environmental
Analysis)<br /><a href="https://www.epa.gov.tw/niea/C883ADD4E17B67F1/96c77af3-5810-40ef-946e-bc7447de45fb">https://www.epa.gov.tw/niea/C883ADD4E17B67F1/96c77af3-5810-40ef-946e-bc7447de45fb</a><br /><span face="新細明體, serif">所有方法清單</span> <span lang="EN-US">(https://www.epa.gov.tw/niea/929363ADB31DE1C9)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red;"><b><span lang="EN-US">NIEA
R201.15C</span></b><span face="新細明體, serif"><b>:事業廢棄物毒性特性溶出程序</b><span><b><br /></b></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><b><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: red;">(TCLP, Toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure)</span></span></b><br />NIEA R208.04C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:廢棄物之氫離子濃度指數</span><span lang="EN-US">(pH</span><span face="新細明體, serif">值</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span face="新細明體, serif">測定方法-電極法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"><b>NIEA R222.10C</b></span><span face="新細明體, serif"><b><span style="color: red;">:再生粒料之戴奧辛及環境用途溶出程序</span></b><br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA R300.10C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:事業廢棄物萃出液中總硒檢測方法</span><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span face="新細明體, serif">連續式氫硼化鈉還原原子吸收光譜法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA R306.13C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:事業廢棄物萃出液中重金屬檢測方法</span><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span face="新細明體, serif">酸消化法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA R309.12C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:事業廢棄物萃出液中六價鉻檢測方法</span><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span face="新細明體, serif">比色法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA R314.12C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:冷蒸氣原子吸收光譜法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA R318.12C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:事業廢棄物萃出液中總砷檢測方法</span><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span face="新細明體, serif">連續式氫化砷原子吸收光譜法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA M104.02C</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜法<br /></span><span lang="EN-US">NIEA M801.13B</span><span face="新細明體, serif">:戴奧辛及呋喃檢測方法</span><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span face="新細明體, serif">同位素標幟稀釋氣相層析</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span face="新細明體, serif">高解析質譜法</span></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-64229797050872817522023-08-03T20:00:00.032+08:002023-09-02T16:38:58.891+08:00經濟部事業廢棄物再利用管理辦法.附表.編號八.電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石).20230414<p>1. <a href="#事業廢棄物來源">事業廢棄物來源</a></p>
<p>2. <a href="#再利用用途">再利用用途</a></p>
<p>3. <a href="#再利用機構資格">再利用機構資格</a></p>
4. 運作管理<br /><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
4.1 <a href="#再利用機構">再利用機構</a> </blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">4.2 <a href="#產源事業">產源事業</a></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
4.3 <a href="#貯存地點">貯存地點</a></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">4.4 <a href="#清除機構">清除機構</a>
</blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">4.5 <a href="#提報作業例外條款">提報作業例外條款</a></blockquote><p></p>
<hr />
<div>A. 再利用用途之產品特別規定</div>
<div>1. <a href="#鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料">鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料</a></div>
<div>2. <a href="#瀝青混凝土粒料">瀝青混凝土粒料</a></div>
<div>3. <a href="#控制性低強度回填材料用粒料">控制性低強度回填材料用粒料</a></div>
<div>4. <a href="#非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料">非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料</a></div>
<div>5. <a href="#水泥製品用粒料">水泥製品用粒料</a></div>
<div>6. <a href="#申報流向">申報流向</a></div>
<div>7. <a href="#銷售規定">銷售規定</a></div><div><br /><hr />
<section id="事業廢棄物來源"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>一、事業廢棄物來源</b>:</span>基本金屬製造業在電弧爐煉鋼製程所產生之氧化碴(石)或還原碴(石)。但氧化碴(石)與還原碴(石)無法分離或依相關法規認定為有害事業廢棄物者,不適用之。</section><p></p></div><p></p>
<section id="再利用用途"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>二、再利用用途</b>:</span>水泥生料、瀝青混凝土粒料原料、瀝青混凝土原料、控制性低強度回填材料用粒料原料、控制性低強度回填材料原料、鋪面工程(道路、人行道、貨櫃場或停車場)之基層或底層級配粒料原料、紐澤西護欄原料、海事工程用粒料原料,或經高壓蒸氣處理後作為非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料、非構造物用預拌混凝土原料、水泥製品用粒料原料或混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料。但不銹鋼製程產生之還原碴(石)用途為水泥生料、控制性低強度回填材料用粒料原料、控制性低強度回填材料原料、紐澤西護欄原料,或經高壓蒸氣處理後作為非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料、非構造物用預拌混凝土原料或混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料。</section><p></p><p></p>
<section id="再利用機構資格"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>三、再利用機構應具備下列資格</b>:</span>依法辦理工廠登記或符合免辦理登記規定之工廠,其產品至少為下列之一項:水泥、瀝青混凝土粒料、瀝青混凝土、控制性低強度回填材料用粒料、控制性低強度回填材料、鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料、紐澤西護欄、海事工程用粒料、非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料、非構造物用預拌混凝土、水泥製品用粒料、混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋。</section><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">
四、運作管理:</span></b></p><p><b>
</b></p><section id="再利用機構"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">(一)再利用機構應符合下列規定:</span></b></section><p></p><p>
1、機構設置應符合下列規定:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)廠房之建築應堅固,地面應採用水泥混凝土或其他易清理之材料。</p><p>
(2)工廠廠區周圍應設置二.四公尺高結構體圍牆或其他適當阻隔之設施,廠內及廠外連接主要交通之道路應舖設瀝青混凝土或水泥混凝土路面。</p><p>
(3)廠內各作業場所應明確區隔,製造作業區與行政作業區應明確劃分。</p><p>
(4)原料、物料、半製品及成品之儲存場所,應適當隔離。</p><p>
(5)工廠內部應有充分採光、照明及通風設備。</p></blockquote><p>
2、受託再利用前應依下列規定簽訂契約書,並於訂定契約書之次日起三十日內,由安定化處理執行單位連線至指定申報區提報該契約書;其變更時,亦同:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>(1)氧化碴(石):再利用於非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料、非構造物用預拌混凝土原料、水泥製品用粒料原料、混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料用途者,應與產源事業簽訂記載高壓蒸氣安定化處理執行單位(產源事業或再利用機構)、方式及處理時間之契約書。</p><p>(2)還原碴(石):再利用於水泥生料用途以外者,應與產源事業簽訂記載安定化處理(含高壓蒸氣處理)執行單位(產源事業或再利用機構)、方式及處理時間之契約書。</p></blockquote><p>3、再利用應符合下列規定:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>(1)再利用於水泥生料用途以外者,應經破碎、磁選及篩分等處理。但於產源事業出廠前已經前述處理程序者,不在此限。</p><p>(2)再利用機構依前目契約書屬安定化處理執行單位者,須具備安定化處理設備。</p><p>(3)再利用於瀝青混凝土粒料原料、瀝青混凝土原料、控制性低強度回填材料用粒料原料、控制性低強度回填材料原料、鋪面工程(道路、人行道、貨櫃場或停車場)之基層或底層級配粒料原料、紐澤西護欄原料及海事工程用粒料原料用途者,氧化碴(石)經破碎、磁選及篩分之產出物及經安定化處理後之還原碴(石),應至少每月委託檢測機構依CNS 15311粒料受水合作用之潛在膨脹試驗法檢測一次,經檢測之七天膨脹量除再利用於紐澤西護欄原料用途者應未超過百分之○.○五外,其他再利用用途未超過百分之○.五者,始得進行再利用。氧化碴(石)經破碎、磁選及篩分之產出物連續三個月之膨脹量檢測結果符合規定者,得每半年至少檢測一次。</p><p>(4)再利用於非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料、非構造物用預拌混凝土原料、水泥製品用粒料原料、混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料用途,且依前目契約書屬安定化處理執行單位者,須具備高壓蒸氣處理設備。</p><p>(5)電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)經高壓蒸氣處理須維持爐內壓力至少在20.1 kgf/cm2且持續三小時,其產出物應至少每月委託檢測機構依附件熱壓膨脹試驗法檢測一次,經檢測之試體外觀無爆裂、局部爆孔、崩解及破裂情形者,始得進行再利用。</p><p>(6)膨脹量檢測之採樣,應會同檢測單位執行,且再利用機構應於採樣前十日,連線至指定申報區提報採樣通知。變更採樣時間及地點未於十日前重新提報者,其檢測結果不予採信。</p><p>(7)膨脹量檢測報告應由經簽署國際實驗室認證聯盟相互承認協議之認證機構所認證之實驗室,依該認證機構所定格式辦理,但熱壓膨脹試驗之檢測報告得由學術單位或具檢驗能力之實驗室依其所定格式辦理。再利用機構應於每月月底前,連線至指定申報區提報前月膨脹量檢測報告。</p><p>(8)再利用於水泥生料用途者,須具備水泥旋窯設備。</p><p>(9)再利用於控制性低強度回填材料、非構造物用預拌混凝土用途者,除破碎、磁選及篩分設備外,其餘再利用製程設備僅限用於產製本編號之再利用用途產品。</p></blockquote><p>4、電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)經再利用程序產出之再生粒料,應依中央主管機關公告之檢測方法,每年度至少檢測一次戴奧辛及依再生粒料環境用途溶出程序檢測有毒重金屬項目,經檢測未超過附件三標準者,始得再利用。但再利用用途產品為水泥者,不在此限。</p><p>5、前目檢測之採樣應由檢測單位執行,且再利用機構應於採樣前十日,連線至指定申報區提報採樣通知。變更採樣時間及地點未於十日前重新提報者,其檢驗結果不予採信。檢測報告應由環保主管機關核發許可證之檢驗測定機構依其所定格式辦理,並由再利用機構於每年三月前連線至指定申報區提報上年度檢測報告。</p><p>6、再利用用途之產品應符合下列規定:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>(1)再利用產品品質應符合附件四規範,且除水泥外,至少每月應由經簽署國際實驗室認證聯盟相互承認協議之認證機構所認證之實驗室檢測一次產品品質。但品質規範項目屬現地試驗者,不受本文檢測實驗室資格之限制。</p><p>(2)再利用機構應於每月月底前,連線至指定申報區提報前月再利用產品檢測報告及工程採購契約書。但再利用產品以該項產品之國家標準或公共工程共通性工項施工綱要規範為品質規範者,得免提報工程採購契約書。</p></blockquote><p>
7、</p><section id="鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料">再利用用途之產品屬<span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料</b></span>者,其使用應符合下列規定:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)不得使用於依都市計畫法劃定為農業區、保護區、依區域計畫法劃定為特定農業區、一般農業區及其他使用分區內之農牧用地、林業用地、養殖用地、國土保安用地、水利用地,及上述分區內暫未依法編定用地別之土地範圍內。</p><p>
(2)不得使用於依國家公園法劃定為國家公園區內,經國家公園管理機關會同有關機關認定作為本目之一限制使用之土地分區或編定使用之土地範圍內。</p><p>
(3)不得使用於屬依飲用水管理條例公告之飲用水水源水質保護區及飲用水取水口一定距離、依區域計畫法劃定之水庫集水區及依自來水法劃定之自來水水質水量保護區範圍內。</p><p>
(4)不得使用於屬依濕地保育法公告之國家重要濕地、依文化資產保存法公告之自然保留區、依自然保護區設置管理辦法公告之自然保護區、依野生動物保育法公告之野生動物保護區及野生動物重要棲息環境等生態敏感區範圍內。</p><p>
(5)使用於陸地時,應高於使用時現場地下水位一公尺以上。</p><p>
(6)鋪面工程之面層應採用瀝青混凝土面層、水泥混凝土面層或磚材面層,且底層施工完成後六個月內,應完成面層施作。</p></blockquote><p>
8、</p><section id="瀝青混凝土粒料">再利用用途之產品屬<b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">瀝青混凝土粒料</span></b>者,應符合下列規定:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>(1)瀝青混凝土粒料產品銷售對象以瀝青混凝土廠為限。</p><p>(2)再利用機構應與產品銷售對象簽訂買賣契約書,並於瀝青混凝土粒料產品出廠前,連線至指定申報區提報該契約書。變更契約書內容或終止契約時,亦同。</p><p>(3)再利用產品銷售對象,其廠內瀝青混凝土粒料庫存量超過前一個月之累積使用量時,應停止運送再利用產品至該銷售對象。</p><p>(4)收受使用瀝青混凝土粒料再利用產品者,應於所產製之瀝青混凝土最終再利用產品出廠後四日內,連線至指定申報區,提報該批最終再利用產品所使用本編號再利用種類之產源事業、銷售對象、出廠時間、銷售量、再生粒料使用量、工程單位、工程名稱、使用地點及範圍,並應於每月十日前提報前月再生粒料庫存量。</p></blockquote><p>
9、</p><section id="控制性低強度回填材料用粒料">再利用用途之產品屬<b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">控制性低強度回填材料用粒料</span></b>者,應符合下列規定:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)再利用產品使用對象僅限所屬同一法人所設置之控制性低強度回填材料廠,且產製之控制性低強度回填材料僅限供作管溝回填及公共工程道路之路基、基層、底層、坑洞或其他回填用途使用。但電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)以高壓蒸氣處理設備安定化,並符合本款第三目之五規定者,其再利用產品使用對象不受所屬同一法人之限制。</p><p>
(2)再利用產品使用對象非屬同一法人者,再利用機構應與產品銷售對象簽訂買賣契約書,並應於控制性低強度回填材料用粒料產品出廠前,連線至指定申報區提報該契約書。變更契約書內容或終止契約時,亦同。</p><p>
(3)再利用產品使用對象,其廠內控制性低強度回填材料用粒料庫存量超過前一個月之累積使用量時,應停止運送再利用產品至該使用對象。</p><p>
(4)收受使用控制性低強度回填材料用粒料再利用產品者,應於所產製之控制性低強度回填材料最終再利用產品出廠後四日內,連線至指定申報區,提報該批最終再利用產品所使用本編號再利用種類之產源事業、銷售對象、出廠時間、銷售量、再生粒料使用量、工程單位、工程名稱、使用地點及範圍,並應於每月十日前提報前月再生粒料庫存量。</p></blockquote><p>
10、</p><section id="非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料">再利用用途之產品屬<b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料</span></b>者,應符合下列規定:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料銷售對象以預拌混凝土廠為限,且產製之預拌混凝土僅得供作非構造物用途及製造業與倉儲業廠區之建築物主要構造以外用途使用。</p><p>
(2)再利用機構應與產品銷售對象簽訂買賣契約書,並應於非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料產品出廠前,連線至指定申報區提報該契約書。變更契約書內容或終止契約時,亦同。</p><p>
(3)再利用產品銷售對象,其廠內非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料庫存量超過前一個月之累積使用量時,應停止運送再利用產品至該銷售對象。</p><p>
(4)收受使用非構造物用預拌混凝土用粒料再利用產品者,應於所產製之非構造物用預拌混凝土最終再利用產品出廠後四日內,連線至指定申報區,提報該批最終再利用產品所使用本編號再利用種類之產源事業、銷售對象、出廠時間、銷售量、再生粒料使用量、工程單位、工程名稱、使用地點及範圍,並應於每月十日前提報前月再生粒料庫存量。</p></blockquote><p>
11、</p><section id="水泥製品用粒料">再利用用途之產品屬<b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">水泥製品用粒料</span></b>者,應符合下列規定:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)水泥製品用粒料銷售對象以水泥及混凝土製品製造業為限。</p><p>
(2)再利用機構應與產品銷售對象簽訂買賣契約書,並應於水泥製品用粒料產品出廠前,連線至指定申報區提報該契約書。變更契約書內容或終止契約時,亦同。</p></blockquote><p>
12、</p><section id="申報流向">再利用用途之產品屬瀝青混凝土粒料、控制性低強度回填材料用粒料、鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料、海事工程用粒料、非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料及水泥製品用粒料者,應依下列規定<b><span style="color: red;">申報流向</span></b>:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)再利用產品之申報規定及遞送聯單遞送方式,依附件一辦理。</p><p>
(2)再利用產品清運機具應裝置即時追蹤系統,且清運機具裝置之系統規格應符合應裝置即時追蹤系統之清運機具及其規定公告之規定。</p><p>
(3)鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料再利用產品,經本部解除案件編號申報列管者,再利用機構應停止供料至該案產品買賣契約書所載之使用地點。</p></blockquote><p>
13、</p><section id="銷售規定">再利用用途產品為瀝青混凝土、控制性低強度回填材料、鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料、海事工程用粒料、紐澤西護欄或非構造物用預拌混凝土者,其<b><span style="color: red;">銷售</span></b>應符合下列規定:</section><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>
(1)鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料產品銷售對象以營造業為限,且僅限供公共工程及本編號再利用種類之產源事業自廠、同一法人其他分廠或其依公司法規定合併財務報表之從屬公司使用。</p><p>
(2)海事工程用粒料產品僅限使用於商港、工業專用港或已核定造地之工業區,且應於使用前辦理實驗室試驗、現地填築試驗及依環境影響評估法相關規定辦理相關事宜。</p><p>
(3)控制性低強度回填材料產品僅限供作管溝回填及公共工程道路之路基、基層、底層、坑洞或其他回填用途使用。</p><p>
(4)非構造物用預拌混凝土產品僅得供作非構造物用途及製造業與倉儲業廠區之建築物主要構造以外用途使用。</p><p>
(5)紐澤西護欄產品不得堆疊使用。</p><p>
(6)再利用機構應於產品出貨單上載明使用本編號之再利用種類。</p><p>
(7)再利用機構應與鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料產品使用者簽訂記載本管理方式規定使用限制、使用用途工程名稱、工程單位、施工期程及產品使用地點、用途(道路、人行道、貨櫃場或停車場之鋪面工程)與數量之買賣契約書,並附具工程圖樣及說明書;另再利用產品供作公共工程使用者,應取得工程主辦機關同意使用再生粒料證明文件。</p><p>
(8)再利用機構於鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料產品出廠前,應先連線至指定申報區,提報該產品買賣契約書、工程圖樣及說明書,以及工程主辦機關同意使用再生粒料證明文件,且經中央目的事業主管機關同意後,始得出料。變更契約書內容或終止契約時,亦同。</p><p>
(9)再利用用途產品除鋪面工程之基層或底層級配粒料及海事工程用粒料者外,再利用機構應於產品出廠後四日內,連線至指定申報區,提報該批再利用產品銷售對象、出廠時間、使用用途工程名稱、工程單位、該批產品所使用本編號再利用種類之產源事業、銷售量、再生粒料使用量、使用地點及範圍。</p></blockquote><p>
14、再利用用途產品貯存量超過該再利用用途產品前六個月之累積銷售量時,應停止收受廢棄物進廠再利用。再利用用途產品為粒料者,各用途粒料之貯存量及其銷售量應分別加總計算。</p><p>
15、再利用後之剩餘廢棄物應依廢棄物清理法相關規定辦理。</p><p>
16、再利用機構於堆置、輸送或以車輛運輸逸散性粒狀污染物質及從事易致粒狀污染物逸散之製程、操作或裝卸作業時,應依固定污染源逸散性粒狀污染物空氣污染防制設施管理辦法相關規定辦理。</p><p><br /></p><p>
</p><section id="產源事業"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">
(二)產源事業應符合下列規定:</span></b></section><p></p><p>
1、產源事業不得將電弧爐煉鋼產生之集塵灰及地面、廠房及屋頂清潔收集之塵灰混入氧化碴(石)或還原碴(石)再利用,於出廠前,應依中央主管機關公告之檢測方法,每年至少檢測一次有毒重金屬及戴奧辛項目,經檢測未超過本法公告之有害事業廢棄物認定標準者,始得進行再利用;另至少每月檢測一次氫離子濃度(pH值),連續三個月之pH檢測值小於十二.五者,得每年至少檢測一次。</p><p>2、前目檢測之採樣應由檢測單位執行,且產源事業應於採樣前十日,連線至指定申報區提報採樣通知。變更採樣時間及地點未於十日前重新提報者,其檢驗結果不予採信。檢測報告應由環保主管機關核發許可證之檢驗測定機構依其所定格式辦理,並由產源事業於每年三月前連線至指定申報區提報上年度檢測報告。</p><p>3、委託再利用前應依下列規定簽訂契約書,並於訂定契約書之次日起三十日內,由安定化處理執行單位連線至指定申報區提報該契約書;其變更時,亦同:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>(1)氧化碴(石):再利用作為非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料、非構造物用預拌混凝土原料、水泥製品用粒料原料、混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料用途者,應與再利用機構簽訂記載高壓蒸氣安定化處理執行單位(產源事業或再利用機構)、方式及處理時間之契約書。</p><p>(2)還原碴(石):再利用於水泥生料用途以外者,應與再利用機構簽訂記載安定化處理(含高壓蒸氣處理)執行單位(產源事業或再利用機構)、方式及處理時間之契約書。</p></blockquote><p>4、產源事業依前目契約書屬安定化處理執行單位者,須具備安定化處理設備,且應符合下列規定:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>(1)再利用於瀝青混凝土粒料原料、瀝青混凝土原料、控制性低強度回填材料用粒料原料、控制性低強度回填材料原料、鋪面工程(道路、人行道、貨櫃場或停車場)之基層或底層級配粒料原料、紐澤西護欄原料及海事工程用粒料原料用途者,經安定化處理後之還原碴(石),應至少每月委託檢測機構依CNS 15311粒料受水合作用之潛在膨脹試驗法檢測一次,經檢測之七天膨脹量除再利用於紐澤西護欄原料用途者應未超過百分之○.○五外,其他再利用用途未超過百分之○.五者,始得送往再利用機構。</p><p>(2)再利用於非構造物用預拌混凝土粒料原料、非構造物用預拌混凝土原料、水泥製品用粒料原料、混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料用途者,須具備高壓蒸氣處理設備。</p><p>(3)電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)經高壓蒸氣處理須維持爐內壓力至少在20.1 kgf/cm2且持續三小時,其產出物應至少每月委託檢測機構依附件二熱壓膨脹試驗法檢測一次,經檢測之試體外觀無爆裂、局部爆孔、崩解及破裂情形者,始得送往再利用機構。</p></blockquote><p>5、膨脹量檢測之採樣,應會同檢測單位執行,且產源事業應於採樣前十日,連線至指定申報區提報採樣通知。變更採樣時間及地點未於十日前重新提報者,其檢測結果不予採信。</p><p>6、膨脹量檢測報告應由經簽署國際實驗室認證聯盟相互承認協議之認證機構所認證之實驗室,依該認證機構所定格式辦理,但熱壓膨脹試驗之檢測報告得由學術單位或具檢驗能力之實驗室依其所定格式辦理。產源事業應於每月月底前,連線至指定申報區提報前月檢測報告。</p><p>7、除再利用於水泥生料或經高壓蒸氣處理後作為水泥製品用粒料原料、混凝土(地)磚、空心磚、水泥瓦、水泥板、緣石、混凝土管、人孔、溝蓋之原料用途外,產源事業應於每月月底前,連線至指定申報區,確認前月再利用機構及粒料再利用產品使用者提報之電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)再利用產品中間與最終使用情形,如經確認無誤或逾時,則該筆資料不得再作任何修正。</p><p><br /></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b></p><section id="貯存地點"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">
(三)貯存地點應符合下列規定:</span></b></section><p></p><p>
1、氧化碴(石)及還原碴(石)不得混合貯存。</p><p>2、氧化碴(石)及其經安定化處理後之產出物應於獨立區域分別貯存,並得採用露天貯存方式,其貯存場所應設排水收集設施。但貯存於廠房內者,不在此限。</p><p>3、還原碴(石)及其經安定化處理後之產出物應於獨立區域分別貯存,且貯存場所應為水泥混凝土鋪面及設有截流溝及排水收集措施,其四周應以防塵網或阻隔牆圍封,其總高度應達設計或實際堆置高度一.二五倍以上,並覆蓋防塵布或防塵網,覆蓋面積應達堆置區面積百分之八十以上。但貯存於廠房內者,不在此限。</p><p>4、電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)及再利用用途產品貯存高度不得超過工廠廠區周圍結構體圍牆或其他阻隔設施,且貯存場所毗鄰農業用地者,應設置截流溝渠。但貯存於廠房內者,不在此限。</p><p><br /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><section id="清除機構"><span style="font-size: medium;">(四)電弧爐煉鋼爐碴(石)送往再利用機構再利用前之<b>清除,應由領有廢棄物清除許可證之公民營清除機構為之。</b></span></section><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><section id="提報作業例外條款"><span style="font-size: medium;">(五)第一款及第二款規定之提報作業,除採樣通知外,如<b>提報日期適逢假日,得順延至次一工作日。</b></span></section><p></p><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-27639762321789169922023-01-01T00:00:00.011+08:002024-01-20T19:22:34.442+08:00新進紙本書籍<p> 20240120</p><p>建築工事標準仕様書・同解説 JASS8 防水工事 (2022),日本建築学会,ISBN: 978-4-9190-1552-7, 2022, 2023.01.20第8版第2刷</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-56428614167869578852022-11-20T16:29:00.006+08:002022-11-20T18:12:22.896+08:00EMI 學生參與及評量<p> Ref: OPEN MOOCs</p><p>1. Strategies to get students to participate in discussions and group projects<br />(1) students engaged in the content and ideas<br />(2) students engaged in critical thinking<br />(3) specific and detailed activities or prompts<br />(4) circle the room and check on students<br />(5) correct students' English only when necessary</p><p>2. Building participation in EMI courses<br />(1) Prompts with pictures<br />- comfortable in speaking English<br />(2) Pass the ball<br />- everyone has an opportunity to participate<br />(3) Laser pointer poiting<br />- talking in class and focusing on the content<br />(4) Tournament<br />- study collaboratively<br />(5) Pros and Cons<br />- review contents</p><p>3. Key principles in creating assessments<br />(1) should be ongoing<br />(2) feedback and grading<br />(3) Students should not be surprised by the graded assessment<br />(4) don't over-assess</p><p>4. Assessment options<br />(1) Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs)<br />(2) Capstone Projects<br />(3) Portfolios<br />(4) Presentations<br />(5) Papers or Reports<br /><br />5. Considerations in creating and using rubrics<br />(1) clear and as simple as possible<br />(2) linked to learning objectives<br />(3) criteria and descriptors should be based on student performance<br />(4) useful and fair rubrics take time<br /><br />6. Steps to write a rubric<br />(1) identify the assignment and the learning objectives<br />(2) make a list of the criteria<br />(3) decide performance levels<br />(4) write descriptors for each performance level<br />(5) make the rubric<br />(6) decide how to give the rubric to the students<br />(7) try out the rubric</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-4916807605203508532022-11-10T17:19:00.026+08:002022-11-20T18:32:55.898+08:00EMI 協助學生學英文<p> Ref: OPEN MOOC's</p><p>1. "know" a word<br />(1) recognize it when reading<br />(2) recognize it when hearing<br />(3) use it correctly when speaking<br />(4) use it in writing<br /><br />2. need to know and understand 95-98% of the words they hear (Hu and Nation, 2000; Nation and Newton, 2008)</p><p>3. Types of words<br />(1) Technical: specific meaning, explained and defined during a lecture<br />(2) Academic: common for higher education, ex. estimate, interpret, or principle<br />(3) General: common across all types of communication, ex. buy, cause, weather<br /><br />4. Building content vocabulary<br />(1) definition<br />(2) synonym<br />(3) explanation<br />(4) illustration<br /><br />5. Strategies for helping students with vocabulary<br />(1) Make a list of words<br />(2) Explain words in context<br />(3) Use visuals<br />(4) Use intuition and experience<br />(5) Small group discussions<br />(6) Re-use key words during class<br />(7) Glossary of key terms<br />(8) Explain new words in different ways<br />(9) Prepare students with key words for any assignments or assessments<br />(10) Use technology<br />ex. vocabulary.com, quizlet, Wordsmyth, Graphwords, Lingro</p><p>6. Assessment for students' reading skills<br />(1) brief summary in their won words of an assigned test<br />(2) brief, ungraded quiz<br />(3) read a text for homework and discuss it in small groups</p><p>7. Reading subskills<br />(1) Reading in detail: the main idea and any relevant details<br />(2) Scanning: look quickly over a text and find specific information<br />(3) Skimming: look quickly over a text and get the main idea of the text<br />(4) Identifying opinions: fact or someone's opinion, ex. think, believe, seem, good, better, worst, should be<br />(5) Inferencing: what a writer means even though the writer doesn't say it.</p><p>8. Strategies for helping students read and understand content in English<br />(1) study guide with assigned readings<br />(2) introduction video<br />(3) training students to gain necessary content from reading<br /> (a) break it up<br /> (b) break it up and share<br /> (c) True or false<br /> (d) make an outline<br /> (e) bookmark note<br /> (f) use text-to-speech software</p><p>9. Considerations in planning and structuring content<br />(1) make lectures fairly short: < 15 min.<br />(2) use visuals to emphasize the main points<br />(3) handout with key points listed<br />(4) relate new course materials to students' lives<br />(5) set up study groups<br />(6) feedback<br /><br />10. Tips for making slides<br />(1) an overview slide: objectives, outline, keyterms<br />(2) one slide equals one point<br />(3) limit to 6 lines per slide<br />(4) limit transitions, sound effects, and animations<br />(5) high-quality graphics and images<br />(6) relevant chars, tables, figures, etc.<br />(7) choose designs easy to read<br />(8) avoid unfamiliar abbreviations and jargon<br />(9) explain information on the slide, but don't read the slide<br />(10) citations</p><p>11. Strategies to help students understand EMI lectures<br />(1) speak slowly and clearly<br />(2) time for students to take note during lectures<br />(3) clear organizational signals<br />(4) explain or clarify key terms<br />(5) ask clear and direct questions<br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-10886104518668581122022-11-06T10:12:00.004+08:002022-11-06T10:23:18.858+08:00EMI 的課程表設計<p>Ref: OPEN MOOC's</p><p> A. Contents<br />1. times that the course meets<br />2. room<br />3. name and contact information<br />4. office hours<br />5. course description<br />6. required textbooks/materials/technologies<br />7. student learning objectives<br /> observable and measurable!<br />8. assignments and their weighting<br />9. course policies<br />10. schedule<br /><br /></p><p>B. Bloom's Taxonomy<br /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Levels of Learning Objectives<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Suggested Verbs<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">define, describe, identify, list, match,
memorize, recall, state<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Understanding<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">classify, convert, describe, discuss,
explain, summarize<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Application<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">apply, calculate, demonstrate, discover,
modify, predict, solve<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Analysis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">categorize, compare, differentiate,
question<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Synthesis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">arrange, assemble, categorize, combine,
design, formulate, generate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Argue, assess, choose, conclude, judge,
justify, predict<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</tbody></table><p>words to avoid: understand, know, learn, appreciate, think about, develop</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-62704631305104379112022-11-05T20:48:00.000+08:002022-11-05T20:48:53.245+08:00EMI 的課程設計<p>Ref: OPEN MOOCs</p><p>A. Backward Design<br />Stage 1: to identify the desired results<br />Stage 2: to determine the acceptable evidence<br />Stage 3: to plan learning experiences and instruction</p><p>B. Models<br />1. mini-lesson and a content lesson<br />2. start immediately with the contents and stop in order to explain key vocabulary or ideas.</p><p>C. Course revision or development<br />1. Planning Stage<br />2. Course Implementation Stage<br />3. Course Revision Stage</p><p>D. Strategies to help students build confidence<br />1. Build a supportive environment that encourages and rewards participation<br />2. Make sure students know you don't expect perfect English</p><p>E. Choosing materials<br />1. Review the Student Learning Objectives and Course Description<br />2. Review the Assessments, Assignments, and Grading<br />3. Review options for a textbook or materials<br />(1) content?<br />(2) level of English?<br />(3) affordable?<br />(4) different publications or online sources?<br />(5) visuals?<br />(6) relevant to global world or few cultures?<br />(7) online support?<br />(8) support while reading?<br />(9) student-centered learning?<br />(10) how much of the book will be required for the course?<br />(11) write materials or create instructional videos in English?</p><p>F. Differentiating Instruction<br />1. Same assessment exceptions<br />.... not let stronger student dominate discussions.<br />as a "scribe"<br />2. Flipped learning</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-58233066343645124542022-10-29T16:56:00.000+08:002022-10-29T16:56:08.895+08:00EMI 學生修習課程的好處<p>Ref: OPEN MOOCs</p><p>Benefits of Taking an EMI Course</p><p>Examples:<br />1. read the most recent and <b>up-to-date materials</b><br />2. find and read materials that are <b>most accessible online</b><br />3. read materials that reflect <b>top industry standards</b><br />4. get assistance from <b>help centers and companies</b> via phone or online support<br />5. operate the most high-quality <b>machinery or equipment</b><br />6. find a more <b>high-paying job</b><br />7. get an <b>international certificate</b><br />8. get a job with an <b>international company</b><br />9. <b>move</b> to another country and find a good job<br />10. <b>competing</b> with the world</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-23715526640396365912022-10-29T15:54:00.002+08:002022-10-29T16:18:16.261+08:00EMI 學生應具備的英語能力、評估需求<p> Ref: OPEN MOOCs</p><p>Types of language support students will need<br />1. Vocabulary<br />2. Grammar<br />3. Reading<br />4. Listening<br />5. Speaking<br />6. Writing (depends)<br /><br />Assess students’ needs<br />1. Educate yourself about common difficulties that students have<br />2. Give students a questionnaire about their experiences learning in EMI courses<br />3. Use a language assessment<br />4. Have students complete an anonymous self- assessment</p><p>Create a student-centered learning approach in our course</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-22795457405463618712022-10-29T15:44:00.001+08:002022-10-29T17:20:37.351+08:00EMI 教師的角色與責任、教學策略<p>Ref: OPEN MOOCs</p><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #2d3b45; font-family: "Lato Extended", Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 6px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><strong>Roles</strong></h3><p>1. Facilitator<br />2. Content Expert<br />3. Support Coach<br />4. Bridge Builder<br />5. Role Model</p><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #2d3b45; font-family: "Lato Extended", Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 6px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><strong>Responsibilities</strong></h3><p>1. Plan your course based on your students’ needs<br />2. Give authentic assignments and assessments<br />3. Prepare and reflect</p><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #2d3b45; font-family: "Lato Extended", Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 6px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><strong>Strategies</strong></h3><p>1. Be clear and concise<br />2. Use audiovisuals to reinforce main points<br />3. Use flipped learning<br />4. Have students contribute<br />5. Practice!<br />6. Observe a colleague<br />7. Connect with your students<br />8. Reflect on your teaching<br />9. Create a professional network<br />10. Take it easy!</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-12136925857497216942022-10-29T11:59:00.003+08:002022-10-29T11:59:49.994+08:00EMI 教師英語能力的要求 (最好 C1以上)<p>Ref:<br />https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages/table-1-cefr-3.3-common-reference-levels-global-scale</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghGRz9YscdE9meGTyd8-Uc8b6kc9T3kbsJ3UoM_Zm5FwvTPBWzF4OmZ0C2-0UT3aLoEFH2YPlOHq19v8RUjGlu-NGcjFVu518EnuekMJLVvh23b1i268CFJKFZFwA0dpGqWaiGzuir4ZOqCSpabFEALkOkxSMbvwE9JoJf8VeZaaPCsJIS4phshrv6ug" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="228" data-original-width="1131" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghGRz9YscdE9meGTyd8-Uc8b6kc9T3kbsJ3UoM_Zm5FwvTPBWzF4OmZ0C2-0UT3aLoEFH2YPlOHq19v8RUjGlu-NGcjFVu518EnuekMJLVvh23b1i268CFJKFZFwA0dpGqWaiGzuir4ZOqCSpabFEALkOkxSMbvwE9JoJf8VeZaaPCsJIS4phshrv6ug=w639-h129" width="639" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-71880215493978861582022-08-12T07:36:00.003+08:002022-10-29T12:04:32.896+08:00畢恆達/構成學術論文抄襲的幾種因素:常見抄襲與剽竊的類型分析<p> <a href="https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/10124/6530109?from=udn_ch2_menu_v2_main_index">https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/10124/6530109?from=udn_ch2_menu_v2_main_index</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-52076915873844928362022-07-16T07:43:00.006+08:002022-07-16T07:43:49.774+08:00高教雙語政策-推動大專校院學生雙語化學習計畫<p> Ref: https://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=9E7AC85F1954DDA8&sms=169B8E91BB75571F&s=2BCAF7C42463717F</p><div class="data_midlle_news_box01" style="color: #343434; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif, 新細明體; font-size: 14.4px;"><dl style="text-align: right;"><dt style="text-align: left;"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="color: #376e07; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">高教雙語政策-推動大專校院學生雙語化學習計畫</td><td align="right" style="color: #376e07; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: right;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></dt><dd style="border-radius: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 1em; list-style: none; margin: 3px 0px; padding: 0px; transition: inherit;">發布單位:高等教育司 聯絡人:陳浩 電話:7736-5886 電子信箱<a href="mailto:%EF%BC%9Ahouchan@mail.moe.gov.tw" style="text-decoration-line: none;" title=":houchan@mail.moe.gov.tw">:houchan@mail.moe.gov.tw</a></dd></dl></div><div class="data_midlle_news_box02" id="ContentPlaceHolder1_divcontent" style="background-color: white; color: #343434; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif, 新細明體; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 20px;"><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">面對全球化與數位科技發展趨勢,國際溝通是我國新世代人才不可或缺的能力,也是國家重點產業邁向國際佈局的關鍵,教育部將於2021年9月啟動「大專校院學生雙語化學習計畫」,使學生不僅在專業知識站在國際前緣,並養成可以與國際專業人士溝通合作及全球移動的能力。本計畫將聚焦推動「重點培育」及「普及提升」兩大主軸,強化學生英語力、推動全英語課程(或稱EMI課程,English-Medium-Instruction Courses),整體提升高教國際競爭力。</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">教育部表示啟動「大專校院學生雙語化學習計畫」(以下簡稱雙語計畫)已有一定程度基礎,依據教育部與英國文化交流協會在2020-2021進行的調查發現,目前我國高三生約 21%達到「歐洲語言學習、教學、評量共同參考架構」(CEFR)B2流利以上等級,亦即有五分之一的高三學生具有修習全英語課程的基本能力,而師資方面,則已有近七千名大學教師具全英語授課能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">雙語計畫分就重點培育及普及提升兩項重要計畫策略,說明如下:</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">壹、重點培育計畫,將擇優挹注具國際競爭力之大專校院轉型為雙語標竿學校或專業領域學院轉型為雙語標竿學院,培養專業領域雙語專業人才,並作為國內各大專校院推行雙語教育之典範。雙語標竿學校2024年預計達3所, 2030年預計達6所,雙語標竿學院2024年預計達18個、2030年達30個,績效目標設定以學生表現為關鍵績效指標,包含提升學生英語能力及提升學生雙語專業能力,各校(院)至少達成以下目標:</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">一) 2024年達到「25-20-20」:2024年時,標竿大學與標竿學院至少有25%的大二學生,其英文能力在聽說讀寫達到CEFR B2以上的流利精熟等級,同時全校至少有20%的大二學生與碩一學生,在其當年所修學分中的20%以上為全英語課程。</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">二) 2030年達成「50-50-50」:2030年時,標竿大學與標竿學院中至少有50%的大二學生在聽說讀寫達到CEFR B2以上的流利精熟程度,同時至少有50%的大二學生與碩士學生其當年學分中的50%以上為全英語課程,並推動畢業證書EMI修課認證,以接軌國際及產業。</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">貳、普及提升計畫,目標在鼓勵各大專校院整體提升教師英語教學能力及學生英語能力,普及提升推動學校2024年預計20所、2030年40所,至少達成以下目標:</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">(一) 英語課採全英語教學:2024年至少20所大專校院英語課採全英授課比率達30%以上、2030年至少40所大專校院英語課採全英授課比率達80%以上;並逐步推動專業導向(ESP、EAP、EWP)之英語教學內涵,以逐步協助學生修習EMI課程。</span></div><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">二) 鼓勵學生修讀EMI課程:2024年至少5%大二及碩一學生修習至少1門全英語授課課程、2030年至少10%大二及碩一學生,修習至少2門全英語授課課程。</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 微軟正黑體, sans-serif;">此外,配套結合「擴增雙語人力」與「資源共享及校際合作」,2021年至2024年將投入25億元前瞻計畫經費,協助大專校院逐步優化高教雙語環境,強化EMI教學能量及促進學校攜手合作,讓全英語學習的校園文化擴散到全國各地,邁向雙語國家。</span></p><div style="clear: both;"></div></div><div class="data_midlle_news_box03" style="color: #343434; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif, 新細明體; font-size: 14.4px;"></div><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; color: #343434; display: block; font-family: Arial, 微軟正黑體, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif, 新細明體; font-size: 14.4px; margin-bottom: 20px; width: 740px;"><tbody style="display: block;"><tr style="display: block; text-align: right;"><td class="gray01" style="display: inline-block; padding: 0px;">上版日期:110-04-20</td></tr></tbody></table>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-37174218078206934502022-07-01T15:22:00.008+08:002022-11-08T18:54:32.930+08:00水泥基膠結材及其形成方法 CEMENT-BASED CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL AND ITS FORMATION METHOD<p>中華民國發明專利第 I768210 號 </p><p>本案提供一種形成水泥基膠結材的方法,包含:將水泥漿體倒入模具中,施加電流於水泥漿體進行電滲反應,將電滲反應後的水泥漿體從模具中移置於水槽中進行養護,以得到具有功能性梯度的水泥基膠結材。本案亦提供一種以上述方法所形成之水泥基膠結材,所述水泥基膠結材之中間的抗壓強度小於兩端的抗壓強度。</p><p>The disclosure provides a method for forming a functionally graded cement-based cementitious material, including a mold, in which the cement paste is poured, electroosmotic reaction conducted on the cement paste, and transfer of the cement pastes into the water tank for curing to obtain a cement-based cementitious material with functionally graded properties. The disclosure also provides a cement-based cementitious material formed by the above method. The compressive strength in the middle of the cement-based cementitious material is smaller than those at both ends.</p><p><br /></p><p>US Patent No. 11,492,297</p><p>CEMENT-BASED CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL AND ITS FORMATION METHOD</p><p>A method for forming cement-based cementitious material includes: pouring a cement paste into a mold; applying an electrical current to the cement paste to perform an electro-osmotic reaction; and transferring the reacted cement paste into a water tank for curing, thereby obtaining a functionally graded cement-based cementitious material. A pair of electrodes is placed in the mold and connected to an external power source. The compressive strength of the functionally graded cement-based cementitious material in the middle is lower than that at either of both ends.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-13915131702952946622022-07-01T13:26:00.001+08:002022-07-01T13:26:37.959+08:00(暫存) 印度大學<p> Thapar Institute Patiala of Engineering Technology</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-2463151226494483672021-10-30T21:58:00.001+08:002021-10-30T21:58:35.140+08:002022 ACI FRC Bowling Ball Competition<p>https://www.concrete.org/students/studentcompetitions/frcbowlingballcompetition.aspx</p><section class="top-border" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(28, 28, 28); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Droid Serif", Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 20.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">What is involved with this competition?</h2><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Generally, the teams follow the rules, meet the schedule, and compete at the convention. Teams design and construct bowling balls from a fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) mixture. The types of FRC mixtures permitted for the competition are defined in the competition Rules. Before the competition, teams have several schedule deadlines to meet for registration and other paperwork submittals, as well as design and construction of their bowling balls. This process typically starts 5 to 6 months before the convention competition. Teams must attend and meet the convention schedule to compete with two bowling balls—one for bowling and the other for destructive testing.</p></section><section class="top-border" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(28, 28, 28); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Droid Serif", Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 20.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the objective of the competition?</h2><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The objective of this competition is to demonstrate the behavior of fiber reinforcement within concrete, to gain experience in forming and fabricating a fiber-reinforced concrete element, and to encourage creativity with compliance in engineering design and analysis.</p></section><section class="top-border" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(28, 28, 28); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Droid Serif", Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 20.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">Who can participate?</h2><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Students currently enrolled in a home school, high school, or an undergraduate college or university program are eligible to participate. Students from a qualifying school form a Team. A Team must Register on the ACI website to compete in the competition. Teams compete at the ACI Concrete Convention against themselves and other qualifying teams. ACI does not require but does encourage ACI chapters, schools, or locations to hold their own competitions to select teams for representation at this international competition.</p></section><section class="top-border" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(28, 28, 28); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Droid Serif", Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 20.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">When and where is the competition?</h2><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This competition is typically held every 2 years, and the next competition is scheduled for Sunday 27 March 2022, during the spring ACI Concrete Convention in Orlando, FL. Teams are encouraged to arrive at convention no later than Saturday so that they are prepared for the competition on Sunday.</p></section><section class="top-border" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(28, 28, 28); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Droid Serif", Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 20.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">What happens if the in-person convention is cancelled?</h2><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If the 2022 Spring convention becomes virtual, the competition will be postponed to the 2022 Fall convention, which would change the schedule and registration. If cancellation does occur, more details will be provided at that time.</p></section><section class="top-border" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(28, 28, 28); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Droid Serif", Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 20.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">How is the competition judged/scored?</h2><p style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c5c5c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There are two categories of prizes for this competition: Bowling Ball Design and Bowling Ball Analysis. Both prize categories require knowledge and experience about concrete, fiber reinforcement, material behavior, and bowling. For each category, scores are awarded in each of these following tests: specifications, mass, diameter, bowling, and toughness. Each of these test scores are combined and converted within each category to give each team a ranking.</p></section><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-60370620306367242892021-08-11T15:25:00.007+08:002021-08-11T15:25:41.924+08:002021 TCI水泥砂漿工作性能競賽<p> http://tci2021mortar.concrete.tw</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinV5EzInctG4T7bJd5ZTJ_TyfYaYos0Ijf77ME22smaoiEVPq1eLaRcz2zX7CabjybAitQ-THI1-hGJmKlvZdE3jVF9JoqciH_NTVTRI-dP8KcqoTg7BO50ZRuaHnJAAo7CTipve_V0QH-/s1040/tci%25E6%25B0%25B4%25E6%25B3%25A5%25E7%25A0%2582%25E6%25BC%25BF%25E7%25AB%25B6%25E8%25B3%25BD%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25A0%25B1.V4.CT.20210729.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinV5EzInctG4T7bJd5ZTJ_TyfYaYos0Ijf77ME22smaoiEVPq1eLaRcz2zX7CabjybAitQ-THI1-hGJmKlvZdE3jVF9JoqciH_NTVTRI-dP8KcqoTg7BO50ZRuaHnJAAo7CTipve_V0QH-/w443-h640/tci%25E6%25B0%25B4%25E6%25B3%25A5%25E7%25A0%2582%25E6%25BC%25BF%25E7%25AB%25B6%25E8%25B3%25BD%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25A0%25B1.V4.CT.20210729.png" width="443" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5879028451106870891.post-12987837337857729322021-07-06T21:56:00.001+08:002021-07-08T15:27:01.466+08:00(工材) ACI.318.鋼筋性質相關規範
<p>
<a name="_top"></a>
<strong>20210706</strong>
</p>
<p>
<strong></strong>
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="116" valign="top">
<p align="center">
<strong>種類</strong>
<strong></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p align="center">
<strong>CNS</strong>
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p align="center">
<strong>ASTM</strong>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" rowspan="4" valign="top">
<p>
鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p>
CNS 560 鋼筋混凝土用鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A615 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain
Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
碳鋼
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A706 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain
Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
低合金鋼
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A996 Standard Specification for Rail-Steel and
Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete
</p>
<p>
Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
軌鋼、軸心鋼
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A1035 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain,
Low-Carbon, Chromium, Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
含鉻鋼筋
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" valign="top">
<p>
擴頭鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A970 Standard Specification for Headed Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" valign="top">
<p>
鍍鋅鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p>
CNS 14771 鋼筋混凝土用熱浸鍍鋅鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A767 Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" rowspan="2" valign="top">
<p>
塗佈環氧樹脂之鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A775 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel
Reinforcing Bars1
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A934 Standard Specification for
</p>
<p>
Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel Reinforcing Bars
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" valign="top">
<p>
雙層塗布鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A1055 Standard Specification for
</p>
<p>
Zinc and Epoxy Dual-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" valign="top">
<p>
不銹鋼鋼筋
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A955 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain
Stainless Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" rowspan="9" valign="top">
<p>
銲接鋼線網及鋼筋網
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p>
CNS 6919 銲接鋼線網及鋼筋網
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A184 Standard Specification for Welded Deformed Steel
Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
(竹節鋼筋網)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A1064 Standard Specification for
</p>
<p>
Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and
Deformed, for Concrete
</p>
<p>
(碳鋼銲接鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A1022 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain
Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete
Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
(不鏽鋼銲接鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A1060 Standard Specification for
</p>
<p>
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement,
Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
</p>
<p>
(鍍鋅銲接鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A884 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel
Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement
</p>
<p>
(環氧樹脂塗布銲接鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
<s>
ASTM A82 Standard Specification for
</s>
</p>
<p>
<s>
Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
</s>
</p>
<p>
(withdrawn, replaced by A1064)
</p>
<p>
(光面鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
<s>
ASTM A496 Standard Specification for Steel Wire,
Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement
</s>
</p>
<p>
(withdrawn, replaced by A1064)
</p>
<p>
(麻面鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
<s>
ASTM A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire
Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete
</s>
</p>
<p>
(withdrawn, replaced by A1064)
</p>
<p>
(光面銲接鋼線)
<s>
</s>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
<s>
ASTM A497 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire
Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete
</s>
</p>
<p>
(withdrawn, replaced by A1064)
</p>
<p>
(麻面銲接鋼線)
<s>
</s>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" valign="top">
<p>
鋼纖維
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p>
CNS 12892 纖維混凝土用鋼纖維
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A820 Standard Specification for Steel Fibers for
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="116" rowspan="4" valign="top">
<p>
預力鋼腱
</p>
</td>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p>
CNS 3332預力混凝土用鋼線及鋼絞線
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A421 Standard Specification for
</p>
<p>
Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete
</p>
<p>
(鋼線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A416 Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation,
Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
</p>
<p>
(七線鋼絞線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A779 Standard Specification for
</p>
<p>
Steel Strand, Seven-Wire, Uncoated, Compacted for
</p>
<p>
Prestressed Concrete
</p>
<p>
(密集式鋼絞線)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="236" valign="top">
<p>
CNS 9272 預力混凝土用鋼棒
</p>
</td>
<td width="321" valign="top">
<p>
ASTM A722 Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel
Bars for Prestressed Concrete
</p>
<p>
(高強度鋼棒)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1