News, Advanced Engineering Materials Laboratory at CCE, NTUST

Sunday, October 4, 2026

[測試][Sandbox] 異星鑄造：晶體覺醒 AstroForge: Crystal Awakening

《異星鑄造：晶體覺醒》AstroForge: Crystal Awakening · © 2026 AEML, NTUST · Advanced Engineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology · CT3309301 Engineering Materials Ch.1

AEML, NTUST||AEML, NTUST 異星鑄造：晶體覺醒||AstroForge: Crystal Awakening 1–4 人合作生存沙盒・工程材料第1章||1–4 Player Co-op Survival Sandbox · Engineering Materials Ch.1 「單人硬核拓荒，四人友情破壞！材料的晶界就是你們默契的底線！」||"Hardcore solo pioneering, four-player friendship wrecking! Grain boundaries are the limit of your teamwork!" 單人模式（硬核科學家）||Solo (Hardcore Scientist) 本機多人（1–4人同螢幕）||Local Co-op (1–4, same screen) 線上連線（最多4人）||Online Co-op (up to 4) 讀取存檔||Load Game 設定||Settings 全螢幕||Fullscreen 離開全螢幕||Exit Fullscreen 材料圖鑑||Materials Codex 返回||Back 出發！||Launch! 關閉||Close 確定||OK 取消||Cancel 回標題||Title Screen 確定要重新開始嗎？未存檔的進度將會遺失。||Restart the game? Unsaved progress will be lost. 確定要回到標題畫面嗎？未存檔的進度將會遺失。||Return to title? Unsaved progress will be lost. 偵測到觸控裝置：要開啟螢幕搖桿嗎？||Touch device detected: turn on the on-screen joystick? 請將裝置轉為橫向以獲得最佳體驗||Please rotate your device to landscape 設定||Settings 背景音樂||Background Music 音效||Sound Effects 主音量||Master Volume 音樂音量||Music Volume 音效音量||SFX Volume 全螢幕||Fullscreen 繪圖||Renderer WebGPU 硬體||WebGPU Hardware 軟體||Software 此瀏覽器不支援 WebGPU，已自動改用軟體繪圖。||WebGPU is not available in this browser; switched to software rendering. WebGPU 硬體加速已啟用（光暈、暈影、色彩分級）||WebGPU hardware acceleration on (bloom, vignette, color grading) 畫質||Quality 流暢 1280×720||Smooth 1280×720 標準 1920×1080||Standard 1920×1080 高 2560×1440 (2K)||High 2560×1440 (2K) 重新開始||Restart 暫停||Pause 螢幕搖桿||On-screen Joystick 自訂按鍵||Key Bindings 劇情提示||Story Hints 語言||Language 開||On 關||Off 存檔 / 讀檔||Save / Load 上||Up 下||Down 左||Left 右||Right 動作（採集/互動/攻擊）||Action (gather/use/attack) 職業技能||Role Skill 使用生醫凝膠補血||Use Bio-gel (heal) 暫停||Pause 玩家1（鍵盤A）||Player 1 (Keyboard A) 玩家2（鍵盤B）||Player 2 (Keyboard B) 請按下新按鍵…||Press a new key… 恢復預設||Reset Defaults 手把：左搖桿/十字鍵移動，A=動作，B=技能，Y=補血，Start=暫停||Gamepad: stick/D-pad move, A=Action, B=Skill, Y=Heal, Start=Pause 遊戲提示||Hints 圖鑑||Codex 任務||Quest 設定||Settings 全螢幕||Fullscreen 暫停||Pause 存檔||Save 目標||Goal 暫停中||Paused 繼續遊戲||Resume 存檔 / 讀檔||Save / Load 存檔欄位||Slot （空）||(empty) 存檔||Save 讀檔||Load 刪除||Delete 匯出存檔碼||Export Save Code 匯入存檔碼||Import Save Code 已存檔！||Game saved! 已讀取存檔！||Game loaded! 線上模式中只有房主可以存檔。||Only the host can save in online mode. 請貼上存檔碼：||Paste a save code: 存檔碼無效。||Invalid save code. 存檔碼已複製到剪貼簿（也可手動複製下方文字）。||Save code copied (you can also copy the text below). 請先開始遊戲再存檔。||Start a game before saving. 遊戲時間||Play time 選擇角色與職業||Choose Character & Role 職業||Role 操作||Controls ＋加入玩家||+ Add Player 移除||Remove 點選上方的玩家欄位，再點角色卡指定角色；同一角色可重複選擇。||Tap a player slot, then tap a character card. Characters may be picked more than once. 鍵盤A（WASD）||Keyboard A (WASD) 鍵盤B（方向鍵）||Keyboard B (Arrows) 手把1||Gamepad 1 手把2||Gamepad 2 手把3||Gamepad 3 手把4||Gamepad 4 櫻（さくら）||Sakura 蓮（れん）||Ren 雛（ひな）||Hina 海斗（かいと）||Kaito 熱血的鍛冶巫女，綁著紅白頭巾，一錘就能敲出火花！||A fiery forge-shrine maiden with a red-white headband. One swing, a shower of sparks! 沉穩的瓷器職人，和服上繪著青花紋，講究每一道窯溫。||A calm porcelain artisan in a blue-patterned kimono, obsessed with kiln temperatures. 元氣滿滿的雙馬尾裁縫師，口袋裡永遠有一捲高分子緞帶。||A bubbly twin-tailed tailor who always carries a spool of polymer ribbon. 戴著狐耳耳機與護目鏡的天才發明家，正在研究奈米碳管。||A genius inventor with fox-ear headphones and goggles, tinkering with carbon nanotubes. 重裝鐵匠（金屬）||Heavy Smith (Metals) 陣地技師（陶瓷）||Field Technician (Ceramics) 輕量化裁縫（高分子）||Lightweight Tailor (Polymers) 前衛發明家（複合/先進）||Avant-garde Inventor (Composites/Advanced) 金屬原子排列整齊、堅硬強韌且具延展性。礦石採集×2、鍛造溫度容許帶加寬。技能「震地錘」：擊退周圍敵人（也會把隊友震飛…）。||Metal atoms are orderly: stiff, strong and ductile. Ore yield ×2, wider forge temperature band. Skill "Quake Hammer": knocks back nearby enemies (and teammates…). 離子鍵化合物：高強度、絕緣，但極脆。黏土/砂採集×2、窯燒速度加快。技能「陶瓷碎片」：射出三枚碎片（命中即碎裂）。||Ionic compounds: strong, insulating, but brittle. Clay/sand yield ×2, faster kiln. Skill "Ceramic Shards": fires three shards that shatter on impact. C、H 共價鍵鏈狀分子：低密度、柔軟可塑。樹脂採集×2、移動速度加快。技能「高分子網」：減速範圍內敵人。||Covalent C–H chains: low density, soft, pliable. Resin yield ×2, faster movement. Skill "Polymer Net": slows enemies in an area. 結合兩種以上材料，並解鎖先進材料。碳/石英採集×2、研究花費−30%。技能「奈米飛鏢」：遠距貫穿攻擊。||Combines materials and unlocks advanced ones. Carbon/quartz yield ×2, research cost −30%. Skill "Nano Darts": long-range piercing shots. 線上連線（最多4人）||Online Co-op (up to 4) 建立房間（房主）||Host a Room 加入房間||Join a Room 房間代碼||Room Code 等待玩家加入…把代碼或連結分享給同學！||Waiting for players… share the code or link with classmates! 已連線玩家||Connected players 連線中…||Connecting… 連線失敗，請確認代碼與網路後重試。||Connection failed. Check the code and your network. 房間已滿（4人）。||Room is full (4 players). 與房主的連線中斷。||Lost connection to host. 位玩家離開了||A player left 位玩家加入了！||A player joined! 邀請連結||Invite link 已加入！等待房主開始遊戲…||Joined! Waiting for the host to start… 做法與「[模擬器] Wii」專案相同：只用 AEML 雲端中繼站（Cloudflare）。房主電腦與每支手機都連到同一個中繼站，由它轉送訊息（不走 P2P、不經 0.peerjs.com），在校園 Wi-Fi、手機 4G/5G、防火牆後面都能連線。房主電腦運算遊戲世界；同學用手機掃描 QR code 即可加入，手機就是搖桿。||Same method as the "[Emulator] Wii" project: only the AEML cloud relay (Cloudflare). The host computer and every phone connect to the same relay, which forwards messages (no P2P, no 0.peerjs.com), so it works on campus Wi-Fi, 4G/5G and behind firewalls. The host runs the world; classmates scan the QR code with a phone to join, and the phone becomes the controller. 雲端中繼（Cloudflare）||Cloud relay (Cloudflare) 中繼站：AEML Cloudflare Worker（與 Wii 專案共用，網址由 Blogger 外框的 data-relay 設定）。||Relay: the AEML Cloudflare Worker (shared with the Wii project; URL set by data-relay on the Blogger wrapper). 連不上雲端中繼站或找不到房間：請確認 6 碼房間代碼正確、房主仍在大廳；若一直失敗，請確認 data-relay 網址正確，且部落格網域已列入 Worker 的 ALLOWED_ORIGINS。||Could not reach the cloud relay or find the room: check the 6-character code and that the host is still in the lobby. If it keeps failing, check the data-relay URL and that the blog domain is in the Worker's ALLOWED_ORIGINS. 與雲端中繼站的連線中斷||Lost connection to the cloud relay 用手機相機掃描 QR code 加入（選好角色後自動連線）||Scan the QR code with a phone camera to join (connects automatically after picking a character) 複製邀請連結||Copy invite link 邀請連結已複製||Invite link copied 雲端中繼短暫中斷，正在重新連線…||Cloud relay hiccup, reconnecting… iPhone 完整全螢幕||Full screen on iPhone iPhone 的 Safari 不能把網頁切成全螢幕（上方會看到網址列）。請點 Safari 下方的「分享」→「加入主畫面」，之後從主畫面的「異星鑄造」圖示開啟，就是沒有網址列的完整全螢幕；開啟後選好角色，輸入電腦畫面上的 6 碼房間代碼即可加入（會記住上次的代碼）。||Safari on iPhone cannot make a web page full screen (the address bar stays). Tap Share → Add to Home Screen, then open AstroForge from the home-screen icon for true full screen with no address bar. Pick a character and enter the 6-character room code shown on the computer (the last code is remembered). 找不到這個房間：房主可能已離開或還沒建立房間。請確認電腦畫面上的 6 碼代碼，或請房主重新建立房間後再掃一次。||Room not found: the host may have left or not created it yet. Check the 6-character code on the computer, or ask the host to create the room again and rescan. 手機連不上雲端中繼站：請確認網路（可改用 4G/5G），或請老師確認中繼站網址與允許網域（ALLOWED_ORIGINS）。||The phone cannot reach the cloud relay: check the network (try 4G/5G), or ask the teacher to check the relay URL and ALLOWED_ORIGINS. 再試一次||Try again 輸入其他代碼||Enter another code 等待時可以換角色：||Change character while waiting: 工作台||Workbench 窯（熱處理）||Kiln (Heat Treatment) 鍛造爐||Forge 研究所（材料科學）||Lab (Materials Science) 機甲工坊（材料工程）||Mech Bay (Materials Engineering) 溫泉（回復）||Hot Spring (Heal) 晶體鳥居||Crystal Torii 按【動作】開啟||Press [Action] to open 晶體鳥居被封印：需完成「異向性」研究並取得機甲外骨骼認證。||The Crystal Torii is sealed: research "Anisotropy" and certify a mech exosuit first. 需要更好的工具才能採集！||You need a better tool for this! 石頭||Stone 木材||Wood 黏土||Clay 獸皮||Hide 銅礦||Copper Ore 鐵礦||Iron Ore 鋁土礦||Bauxite 矽砂||Silica Sand 樹脂原油||Resin 碳晶||Carbon Crystal 石英||Quartz 異星凝膠||Alien Gel 石器工具||Stone Tools 青銅工具||Bronze Tools 鋼製工具||Steel Tools 陶器||Pottery 青銅||Bronze 鋼||Steel 玻璃||Glass 玻璃纖維||Glass Fiber 碳纖維||Carbon Fiber 鋁合金||Aluminum Alloy 氧化鋁窗||Alumina Window 碳化矽 SiC||Silicon Carbide SiC 聚乙烯 PE||Polyethylene PE 聚氯乙烯 PVC||PVC 聚四氟乙烯 PTFE||PTFE 橡膠||Rubber 玻璃纖維複合材 GFRC||Fiberglass GFRC 碳纖維複合材 CFRP||Carbon Composite CFRP 半導體晶片||Semiconductor Chip 智慧感測器||Smart Sensor 奈米碳管||Carbon Nanotubes 生醫凝膠||Bio-gel 高分子防蝕塗層||Polymer Anti-corrosion Coating 天然材料（石、木）製成的工具：可採集石頭、木材、黏土、銅礦。||Tools of natural materials (stone, wood): gathers stone, wood, clay, copper. 青銅器時代！可開採鐵礦、鋁土礦、石英。||The Bronze Age! Mines iron ore, bauxite and quartz. 鐵器時代的頂點：可開採碳晶，攻擊力取決於你鍛造的鋼的硬度。||Peak of the Iron Age: mines carbon crystals; damage depends on the hardness of your forged steel. 熱處理的起點：黏土經窯燒成為陶器（陶瓷）。||Heat treatment begins: clay fired into pottery (a ceramic). 銅礦冶煉成青銅：人類第一種大量使用的合金。||Smelt copper into bronze: humanity's first widely used alloy. 鐵礦需在鍛造爐中控制溫度與冷卻速率：加工→結構→性質！||Iron must be forged with temperature and cooling control: Processing → Structure → Properties! 矽砂高溫熔融成玻璃：非晶質陶瓷，透明但脆。||Melt silica sand into glass: an amorphous ceramic, transparent but brittle. 玻璃拉成細纖維，是玻璃纖維複合材的補強材。||Draw glass into fine fibers — the reinforcement for fiberglass. 碳晶與樹脂熱解成碳纖維，剛硬且強。||Pyrolyze carbon crystals with resin into stiff, strong carbon fiber. 鋁土礦加碳還原成鋁合金：低密度金屬（約2.7 g/cm³）。||Reduce bauxite with carbon into aluminum alloy: a low-density metal (~2.7 g/cm³). Al₂O₃ 圓片：加工方式決定結構，結構決定透光性！||Al₂O₃ disk: processing sets structure, structure sets transparency! 矽砂＋碳高溫合成碳化物陶瓷：剛度極高（約450 GPa）但脆。||Sand + carbon → carbide ceramic: extremely stiff (~450 GPa) but brittle. 由C、H組成的鏈狀高分子：密度低於水（約0.95 g/cm³）。||A C–H chain polymer: less dense than water (~0.95 g/cm³). 聚氯乙烯：較硬的高分子，彈性模數約3 GPa。||Polyvinyl chloride: a stiffer polymer, E ≈ 3 GPa. 聚四氟乙烯（鐵氟龍）：化學惰性極佳，抗劣化。||PTFE (Teflon): chemically inert, resists deterioration. 橡膠：彈性模數只有約0.01 GPa，非常柔軟，適合關節密封。||Rubber: E ≈ 0.01 GPa, very soft — ideal for joint seals. 玻璃纖維埋入環氧樹脂/聚酯：剛、強、可撓、低密度。||Glass fibers in epoxy/polyester: stiff, strong, flexible, low density. 碳纖維埋入高分子：剛硬又強，而且很輕！||Carbon fibers in a polymer: stiff, strong and light! 電性質介於導體與絕緣體之間的半導體。||A semiconductor: electrical properties between conductors and insulators. 智慧材料：感測環境變化並以預定方式回應。裝備後會標示巨獸的弱點方向。||Smart material: senses changes and responds in a predetermined way. Reveals the beast's weak direction. 奈米材料（<100 nm）：尺寸縮小到奈米時性質劇變。全隊攻擊力+25%。||Nanomaterial (<100 nm): properties change dramatically at the nanoscale. Team damage +25%. 生化材料：無毒且具生物相容性，可植入人體。使用可回復生命。||Biomaterial: non-toxic and biocompatible, implantable. Use it to heal. 劣化性質！雨天會讓金屬機甲零件腐蝕，塗上高分子塗層可防蝕。||Deterioration! Rain corrodes metal mech parts; a polymer coating protects them. 工具||Tools 高分子||Polymers 複合材||Composites 先進材料||Advanced 熱處理||Heat Treatment 陶瓷||Ceramics 製作||Craft 製作完成：||Crafted: 材料不足！||Not enough materials! 需要研究：||Requires research: 持有||Owned 已擁有||Owned 製作中…||Working… 氧化鋁（Al₂O₃）圓片：選擇加工方式||Alumina (Al₂O₃) Disk: Choose Processing 機甲駕駛艙需要「透明」的觀景窗。三片圓片成分完全相同，差別只在結構。||The mech cockpit needs a TRANSPARENT window. All three disks have identical composition; only the structure differs. 單晶（長時間緩慢晶體成長）||Single crystal (slow crystal growth) 多晶、低孔隙（高溫緻密燒結）||Polycrystal, low porosity (dense sintering) 多晶、高孔隙（低溫燒結）||Polycrystal, high porosity (low-temp sintering) 透明！沒有晶界與孔隙散射光線。||Transparent! No grain boundaries or pores scatter the light. 半透明：晶界會散射部分光線。||Translucent: grain boundaries scatter some light. 不透明：大量孔隙強烈散射光線。||Opaque: many pores strongly scatter light. 結構 → 性質：同樣的材料，不同的結構就有不同的光學性質！||Structure → Properties: same material, different structure, different optical property! 鍛造爐：晶粒控制||Forge: Grain Control 需要：鐵礦×3、木材×2||Needs: Iron Ore ×3, Wood ×2 開始冶煉||Start Smelting 按住鼓風（或在爐邊按住【動作】）||Hold to pump the bellows (or hold [Action] by the forge) 階段1：成核——把溫度維持在目標帶內，晶核開始出現||Phase 1: Nucleation — keep the temperature in the target band so nuclei appear 階段2：成長——晶粒長大並相遇，形成晶界||Phase 2: Growth — grains grow and meet, forming grain boundaries 階段3：淬冷——選擇冷卻速率（加工 → 結構）||Phase 3: Quench — choose a cooling rate (Processing → Structure) 爐溫||Furnace temp 目標帶||Target band 溫度失控！金屬過燒報廢了……||Temperature runaway! The metal is burnt and scrapped… 爐冷 0.01 °C/s||Furnace cool 0.01 °C/s 空冷 1 °C/s||Air cool 1 °C/s 油冷 100 °C/s||Oil quench 100 °C/s 水冷 1000 °C/s||Water quench 1000 °C/s 球化組織：軟（約140 BHN）但非常韌、延展性佳。||Spheroidite: soft (~140 BHN) but very tough and ductile. 波來鐵層狀組織：中等硬度（約200 BHN），強韌兼具。||Lamellar pearlite: medium hardness (~200 BHN), balanced. 細緻組織：硬（約360 BHN），韌性尚可。||Fine microstructure: hard (~360 BHN), fair toughness. 麻田散鐵針狀組織：極硬（約600 BHN）但很脆！||Needle-like martensite: very hard (~600 BHN) but brittle! 硬度||Hardness 韌性||Toughness 溫控品質||Temp-control quality 晶粒數||Grains 幾乎所有工程金屬都是由許多「晶粒」組成的多晶體。晶粒相遇處形成「晶界」，原子排列不規則，常是腐蝕與破裂的起點。||Nearly all engineering metals are polycrystalline, made of many grains. Where grains meet, grain boundaries form; their atoms are disordered, making them common starting points for corrosion and cracking. 鍛造完成！獲得鋼×2||Forging complete! Steel ×2 鍛造爐正在使用中。||The forge is in use. 研究所：材料科學||Lab: Materials Science 回答問題以找出「結構與性質的關係」，解鎖新材料與新製程。||Answer questions to uncover structure–property relationships and unlock new materials and processes. 開始研究||Research 已完成||Done 答對了！研究完成：||Correct! Research complete: 答錯了…看看解說，稍後再試。||Not quite… read the explanation and try again shortly. 冷卻中||Cooldown 需先完成：||Requires: 解鎖||Unlocks 研究問題||Research question 熱處理與材料演進||Heat Treatment & Evolution 加工→結構→性質→性能||Processing → Structure → Properties → Performance 結構的尺度||Scales of Structure 六大性質||The Six Property Categories 材料分類與鍵結||Classification & Bonding 選材三原則與複合材||Selection Principles & Composites 半導體||Semiconductors 智慧材料||Smart Materials 奈米材料||Nanomaterials 生化材料||Biomaterials 異向性||Anisotropy 機甲工坊：剛度與密度的抉擇||Mech Bay: Stiffness vs. Density 為全隊打造機甲外骨骼。每個部位需要該材料×2。高剛度通常伴隨高密度——你們必須妥協！||Build the team's mech exosuit. Each part needs 2 of the material. High stiffness usually means high density — you must compromise! 骨架（剛度）||Frame (stiffness) 裝甲（剛度＋韌性）||Armor (stiffness + toughness) 關節密封（需柔軟 E<5 GPa）||Joint seals (must be soft, E<5 GPa) 駕駛艙窗（需透明）||Cockpit window (must be transparent) 平均密度||Avg. density 平均剛度||Avg. stiffness 機動性||Mobility 防禦||Defense 認證標準：機動性 ≥ 90%、防禦 ≥ 35%、關節柔軟、窗戶透明||Certification: mobility ≥ 90%, defense ≥ 35%, soft joints, transparent window 認證並打造||Certify & Build 機甲外骨骼認證通過！全隊已裝備。||Exosuit certified! Equipped on the whole team. 機動性不足：材料太重（密度太高）！||Mobility too low: too dense! 防禦不足：剛度太低！||Defense too low: not stiff enough! 關節太硬會卡死：請用柔軟的高分子/橡膠。||Joints too stiff and will jam: use a soft polymer/rubber. 需要透明的氧化鋁窗（單晶）。||Needs a transparent alumina window (single crystal). （未選擇）||(none) Ashby 選材圖：剛度 vs. 密度（對數座標）||Ashby chart: stiffness vs. density (log scales) 陶瓷裝甲：剛度高但脆，受到重擊可能碎裂！||Ceramic armor: stiff but brittle — heavy hits may shatter it! 金屬零件遇雨會腐蝕（劣化），可用高分子塗層保護。||Metal parts corrode in rain (deterioration); a polymer coating protects them. 完整度||Integrity 目前機甲||Current exosuit 塗上防蝕塗層||Apply Coating 已塗層||Coated 時代||Era 石器時代||Stone Age 青銅器時代（熱處理）||Bronze Age (Heat Treatment) 鐵器時代||Iron Age 結構-性質時代（金屬、塑膠、玻璃、纖維）||Structure–Property Age (metals, plastics, glass, fibers) 先進材料時代||Advanced Materials Age 夜晚：異星生物出沒！||Night: alien critters roam! 黎明到來||Dawn breaks 下雨了：金屬零件開始腐蝕！||Rain: metal parts begin to corrode! 雨停了||The rain stops 倒下了！隊友靠近可救援||is down! A teammate nearby can revive 被救起來了！||was revived! 全員倒下……在神社重生，遺失部分資源。||Everyone is down… respawning at the shrine, some resources lost. 獲得||Got 陶瓷裝甲碎裂了！（脆性）||Ceramic armor shattered! (brittle) 回復！||Healed! 沒有生醫凝膠||No Bio-gel 任務完成！||Quest complete! 晶體鳥居的封印解除了！巨獸在北方等著你們……||The Crystal Torii's seal breaks! The beast awaits in the north… 友情破壞！||Friendship damage! 技能冷卻中||Skill cooling down 異向性裝甲巨獸「晶獅」||Anisotropic Armor Beast "Crystal Shishi" 紋理異向性：找出 [100] 弱面！||Textured anisotropy: find the [100] weak faces! 擬等向性：晶粒隨機排列，各方向一樣硬！||Quasi-isotropic: random grains, equally stiff in all directions! [100] 弱面！E≈125 GPa||[100] weak face! E≈125 GPa [111] 太硬了！E≈273 GPa||[111] too stiff! E≈273 GPa 晶體覺醒！巨獸被擊敗了！||Crystal Awakening! The beast is defeated! 你們從石器時代一路走到先進材料時代，並用「異向性」擊破了巨獸的裝甲。這就是材料科學與工程！||You went from the Stone Age to the Advanced Materials Age and broke the beast's armor with anisotropy. That's materials science and engineering! 通關時間||Clear time 答題正確率||Quiz accuracy 繼續在沙盒中探索||Keep exploring the sandbox 遊戲提示||Game Hints 操作方式||Controls 目前建議||What to do now 移動：WASD（玩家2：方向鍵）／手把／螢幕搖桿||Move: WASD (P2: arrows) / gamepad / on-screen stick 【動作】靠近資源＝採集、靠近設施＝開啟、靠近敵人＝攻擊||[Action]: near resource = gather, near station = open, near enemy = attack 【技能】職業專屬技能；【補血】使用生醫凝膠||[Skill]: role skill; [Heal]: use Bio-gel 所有資源由全隊共用。設施都在中央的鍛冶神社旁。||All resources are shared. Stations surround the Forge Shrine at the center. 資源分布：石頭/樹木到處都有；黏土與矽砂在河岸；銅礦在東方山丘、鐵礦在西方山丘；樹脂沼澤在南方；鋁土礦在東南紅土；石英與碳晶在北方晶體荒原。||Resources: stone and trees everywhere; clay and sand along the river; copper in the eastern hills, iron in the western hills; resin swamps to the south; bauxite in the southeast red soil; quartz and carbon in the northern crystal wastes. 巨獸身上的晶軸標記：青色＝[100] 弱面（E≈125 GPa），紅色＝[111] 硬面（E≈273 GPa）。從青色方向攻擊！擬等向性階段只能撐住並持續輸出。||The beast's crystal axes: cyan = [100] weak faces (E≈125 GPa), red = [111] hard faces (E≈273 GPa). Attack from the cyan directions! During the quasi-isotropic phase, just survive and keep hitting. 夜晚與北方晶體荒原會出現異星生物，擊倒可獲得獸皮與凝膠（生醫凝膠原料）。||Critters appear at night and in the northern crystal wastes; defeat them for hide and gel (Bio-gel ingredient). 鍛造：多人一起按住鼓風才能抵抗降溫；鐵匠在場時目標帶較寬。冷卻愈快硬度愈高但愈脆。||Forging: more players pumping counters cooling; a Smith widens the band. Faster cooling = harder but more brittle. 機甲：骨架/裝甲選剛度高的、又不能太重；CFRP、鋁合金是好的妥協。關節要用橡膠或PE。||Mech: frame/armor need stiffness without too much weight; CFRP and aluminum are good compromises. Joints need rubber or PE. 材料圖鑑（第1章 Introduction）||Materials Codex (Ch.1 Introduction) ？？？（研究後解鎖）||??? (unlock by research) 歷史觀點||Historical Perspective 社會的發展與其成員「生產與操控材料以滿足需求」的能力密切相關，人類時代甚至以材料發展程度來界定：石器時代（約250萬年前）、青銅器時代（約西元前3500年）、鐵器時代（約西元前1000年）。||The development of societies is tied to their ability to produce and manipulate materials; eras are even designated by materials: Stone Age (~2.5 million BC), Bronze Age (~3500 BC), Iron Age (~1000 BC). 材料的演進||Evolvement of Materials ① 天然材料（石、木、黏土、獸皮）→ ② 熱處理（陶器、金屬）→ ③ 了解結構與性質的關係（金屬、塑膠、玻璃、纖維）→ ④ 成為科技進步的先驅（半導體材料）。||① Natural materials (stone, wood, clay, skins) → ② heat treatment (pottery, metals) → ③ knowledge of structure–property relationships (metals, plastics, glasses, fibers) → ④ forerunner of technology (semiconducting materials). 材料科學 vs. 材料工程||Materials Science vs. Engineering 材料科學：研究結構與性質之間的關係 → 新材料。材料工程：設計或工程化材料的結構，以產生一組「預定的」性質 → 新產品、新製程。四要素：加工（Processing）→ 結構（Structure）→ 性質（Properties）→ 性能（Performance）。||Materials science: relationships between structures and properties → new materials. Materials engineering: designing the structure to produce a predetermined set of properties → new products and processes. Processing → Structure → Properties → Performance. 結構的尺度||Scales of Structure 次原子結構（電子、與原子核的交互作用）→ 原子層級（原子或分子）→ 奈米結構（原子集合體，<100 nm）→ 微觀結構（需顯微鏡，100 nm～mm）→ 巨觀結構（肉眼可見，mm～m）。||Subatomic (electrons and their interaction with nuclei) → atomic (atoms/molecules) → nanostructure (atom aggregates, <100 nm) → microstructure (microscope, 100 nm–mm) → macrostructure (naked eye, mm–m). 性質與六大類別||Properties: Six Categories 性質＝材料對特定外加刺激的反應「種類」與「大小」（例：變形 vs. 外力；光的反射 vs. 拋光）。性質一般與材料形狀、尺寸無關（如 E、G、蒲松比）。六大類：機械、電、熱、磁、光、劣化。||A property is the kind and magnitude of a material's response to a specific imposed stimulus (deformation vs. force; reflection vs. polishing). It is generally independent of shape and size (E, G, Poisson's ratio). Six categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative. 結構 → 性質：氧化鋁圓片||Structure → Properties: Alumina Disks 三片 Al₂O₃ 圓片：單晶＝透明；低孔隙多晶＝半透明；高孔隙多晶＝不透明。成分相同，結構（晶界、孔隙）不同，光學性質就不同。||Three Al₂O₃ disks: single crystal = transparent; low-porosity polycrystal = translucent; high-porosity polycrystal = opaque. Same composition, different structure (grain boundaries, pores), different optical property. 加工 → 結構：冷卻速率||Processing → Structure: Cooling Rate 同一種碳鋼，冷卻速率由 0.01 提高到約 1000 °C/s，顯微組織改變，硬度由約140 BHN 升到約600 BHN。||For the same carbon steel, raising the cooling rate from 0.01 to ~1000 °C/s changes the microstructure and raises hardness from ~140 to ~600 BHN. 為什麼要學材料科學與工程？||Why Study Materials? 解決涉及材料的設計問題，做出明智的選材決定：① 依服役條件選對材料（常需在性質間妥協，如延展性 vs. 強度）② 考慮材料的劣化 ③ 經濟性。||To solve design problems and make judicious choices: ① pick the right material for service conditions (often a compromise, e.g. ductility vs. strength) ② consider deterioration ③ economics. 材料的分類||Classification of Materials 依化學組成與原子結構分三大類：金屬、陶瓷、高分子；另有複合材（兩種以上的組合）與先進材料（半導體、生化材料、智慧材料、奈米材料）。||By chemical makeup and atomic structure: metals, ceramics, polymers; plus composites (combinations of two or more) and advanced materials (semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials). 金屬||Metals 原子排列非常整齊；緻密；堅硬且強；具延展性；有大量非局域化電子 → 導熱導電佳、不透光、會反光。||Atoms arranged very orderly; dense; stiff and strong; ductile; many non-localized electrons → high thermal and electrical conductivity, opaque, reflective. 陶瓷||Ceramics 離子鍵；金屬與非金屬元素的化合物：氧化物（Al₂O₃、SiO₂）、氮化物（Si₃N₄）、碳化物（SiC）；傳統陶瓷：黏土礦物、水泥、玻璃。堅硬且強、脆；導熱導電差（絕緣體）；可為不透明、半透明或透明。||Ionic bonding; compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements: oxides (Al₂O₃, SiO₂), nitrides (Si₃N₄), carbides (SiC); traditional: clay minerals, cement, glass. Stiff and strong, brittle; low conductivity (insulators); opaque, translucent or transparent. 高分子||Polymers 共價鍵；大分子、常為鏈狀；以C、H及其他非金屬元素為基礎的有機化合物；低密度；柔軟、強度低；具延展性與可塑性；半透明或透明。||Covalent bonding; large, often chainlike molecules; organic compounds based on C, H and other nonmetals; low density; soft, low strength; ductile and pliable; translucent or transparent. 性質比較圖||Property Comparison Charts 密度：金屬最高（白金約21 g/cm³），高分子最低（約1）。剛度：陶瓷與金屬高（SiC約450 GPa），橡膠可低至約0.01 GPa。斷裂韌性：金屬最佳，陶瓷、玻璃、混凝土很低。電導度：金屬約10⁷ (Ω·m)⁻¹，陶瓷與高分子為絕緣體，半導體介於中間。||Density: metals highest (platinum ~21 g/cm³), polymers lowest (~1). Stiffness: ceramics and metals high (SiC ~450 GPa), rubber as low as ~0.01 GPa. Fracture toughness: metals best; ceramics, glass, concrete very low. Conductivity: metals ~10⁷ (Ω·m)⁻¹, ceramics and polymers insulate, semiconductors in between. 複合材料||Composites 兩種以上材料的組合，以達到單一材料沒有的性質組合。玻璃纖維：玻璃纖維埋入環氧樹脂或聚酯，剛、強、可撓、低密度。CFRP：碳纖維埋入高分子，剛硬且強。||Combinations of two or more materials to achieve a combination of properties. Fiberglass: glass fibers in epoxy or polyester — stiff, strong, flexible, low density. CFRP: carbon fibers in a polymer — stiff and strong. Ashby 選材圖||Ashby Charts 又稱材料性質圖、選材圖、泡泡圖：以對數座標畫出兩種性質（如彈性模數 vs. 密度），各材料族群形成一團泡泡，方便比較與選材。||Also called materials property/selection/bubble charts: two properties (e.g. Young's modulus vs. density) on log scales; each family forms a bubble, making comparison and selection easy. 先進材料||Advanced Materials 用於高科技的材料（性質提升、新開發、高性能）：① 半導體：電性質介於導體與絕緣體之間 ② 生化材料：植入人體、無毒、具相容性（如人工髖關節）③ 智慧材料：感測環境變化並以預定方式回應（感測器、傳感器）④ 奈米材料：<100 nm，尺寸縮小時特性劇變（觸媒轉換器、奈米碳管）。||Materials for high technology (enhanced, newly developed, high performance): ① semiconductors: between conductors and insulators ② biomaterials: implanted, non-toxic, compatible (hip implants) ③ smart materials: sense and respond in predetermined ways (sensors, actuators) ④ nanomaterials: <100 nm, properties change dramatically (catalytic converters, carbon nanotubes). 晶粒與晶界||Grains & Grain Boundaries 幾乎所有工程金屬都是多晶體，由許多稱為「晶粒」的小晶體組成。冷卻時晶核形成並成長，晶粒相遇處形成「晶界」：原子排列不規則，常是腐蝕與破裂的起點。||Nearly all engineering metals are polycrystalline, made of many small crystals called grains. Nuclei form and grow on cooling; where grains meet, grain boundaries form — disordered regions where corrosion and cracking often start. 異向性||Anisotropy 量測性質隨量測方向改變。鐵單晶：E[100]＝125.0 GPa，E[111]＝272.7 GPa。晶粒隨機排列的多晶體呈「擬等向性」；若晶粒有優選方位（紋理 textured），則仍會呈現異向性。||Measured properties depend on direction. Iron single crystal: E[100] = 125.0 GPa, E[111] = 272.7 GPa. A polycrystal with randomly oriented grains is quasi-isotropic; with preferred orientation (textured) it stays anisotropic. 式神導航「式」||Shiki, the fox-spirit guide 採集天然材料：石頭×5、木材×5、黏土×3||Gather natural materials: Stone ×5, Wood ×5, Clay ×3 在工作台製作「石器工具」||Craft Stone Tools at the Workbench 在研究所完成研究「熱處理與材料演進」||Research "Heat Treatment & Evolution" at the Lab 在窯中燒製陶器×1||Fire 1 Pottery in the Kiln 採集東方山丘的銅礦，在窯中冶煉青銅×2||Mine copper in the eastern hills and smelt 2 Bronze 製作「青銅工具」||Craft Bronze Tools 研究「加工→結構→性質→性能」||Research "Processing → Structure → Properties → Performance" 採集西方的鐵礦，在鍛造爐鍛出鋼||Mine iron in the west and forge Steel 研究「結構的尺度」與「六大性質」||Research "Scales of Structure" and "Six Property Categories" 製作玻璃×1 與聚乙烯PE×1||Make 1 Glass and 1 Polyethylene PE 研究「材料分類與鍵結」，燒製透明的氧化鋁窗||Research "Classification & Bonding" and make a transparent Alumina Window 研究「選材三原則」，製作任一複合材×2||Research "Selection Principles" and make 2 of any composite 在機甲工坊通過外骨骼認證||Certify an exosuit at the Mech Bay 完成四種先進材料研究：半導體、智慧、奈米、生醫||Research all four advanced materials: semiconductors, smart, nano, bio 研究「異向性」，穿過北方晶體鳥居擊敗巨獸！||Research "Anisotropy", pass the northern Crystal Torii, and defeat the beast! 自由探索沙盒世界||Explore the sandbox freely 歡迎來到晶華星！我是式神導航「式」。我們的飛船墜毀了……先用最原始的「天然材料」活下去吧：石頭、木頭、黏土。人類的歷史也是從這裡開始的喔！||Welcome to Planet Shōka! I'm Shiki, your fox-spirit guide. Our ship crashed… Let's survive with natural materials first: stone, wood, clay. Human history started here too! 太好了！到神社西側的工作台把石頭和木頭做成工具。社會的發展，取決於「生產與操控材料」的能力！||Great! Go to the Workbench west of the shrine and turn stone and wood into tools. Societies advance by producing and manipulating materials! 接下來要學會用火！去東北方的研究所，找出「熱處理」的秘密。||Next, master fire! Head to the Lab (northeast) and uncover the secrets of heat treatment. 窯在神社西南方。黏土經過高溫就會變成陶器——這就是熱處理改變材料的第一步！||The Kiln is southwest of the shrine. Fire clay and it becomes pottery — the first step of heat treatment! 青銅器時代來臨！東方山丘有橘色的銅礦，挖回來放進窯裡冶煉吧。||The Bronze Age begins! Orange copper ore lies in the eastern hills — bring it back to the Kiln. 用青銅做出更好的工具，就能挖開更硬的礦石囉！||Make better tools from bronze, and you can mine harder ores! 材料工程的核心：加工 → 結構 → 性質 → 性能。弄懂它，鍛造爐就會為你們點火！||The core of materials engineering: Processing → Structure → Properties → Performance. Understand it, and the Forge will light up! 鐵器時代！西方山丘有深灰色鐵礦。鍛造時要控制爐溫讓晶粒成核、成長，再選擇冷卻速率。大家一起鼓風，不要讓溫度失控喔！||The Iron Age! Dark-gray iron ore lies in the western hills. Control the temperature so grains nucleate and grow, then pick a cooling rate. Pump together and don't let it run away! 從原子到肉眼可見的構件，結構有好多尺度。再搞懂材料的六大性質，就能做出玻璃與塑膠了！||Structure spans many scales, from atoms to visible parts. Learn the six property categories too, and you'll make glass and plastics! 河岸的矽砂可以熔成玻璃；南方沼澤的樹脂可以做成高分子。高分子密度低，是減輕機甲重量的救星！||River sand melts into glass; southern swamp resin becomes polymers. Low-density polymers will save your mech's weight! 陶瓷是金屬與非金屬的離子鍵化合物。東南紅土的鋁土礦可以做成 Al₂O₃ 圓片——但只有正確的「結構」才會透明喔！||Ceramics are ionic compounds of metals and nonmetals. Bauxite from the southeast red soil makes Al₂O₃ disks — but only the right structure is transparent! 選材三原則：服役條件、劣化、經濟性。把兩種材料組合起來，就是複合材！||Selection principles: service conditions, deterioration, economics. Combine two materials and you get a composite! 機甲工坊在神社東南方。高剛度的材料通常也很重……在 Ashby 圖上找出最好的妥協吧！||The Mech Bay is southeast of the shrine. Stiff materials are usually heavy… find the best compromise on the Ashby chart! 先進材料時代！半導體、智慧材料、奈米材料、生化材料——它們會是打倒巨獸的關鍵。||The Advanced Materials Age! Semiconductors, smart, nano and biomaterials will be key to defeating the beast. 巨獸「晶獅」的裝甲是鐵晶體：從 [100] 方向攻擊，E 只有 125 GPa；從 [111] 方向，E 高達 272.7 GPa！大聲溝通，一起找弱面！||The Crystal Shishi's armor is iron crystal: along [100], E is only 125 GPa; along [111], a whopping 272.7 GPa! Shout it out and find the weak faces together! 你們做到了！材料的晶界，就是你們默契的證明。沙盒世界永遠為你們開放！||You did it! Your grain boundaries held — proof of your teamwork. The sandbox is always open! 根據課程，人類社會發展的時代常以什麼來界定？||According to the lecture, how are eras of human society often designated? 材料發展的程度||By the level of materials development 人口的數量||By population size 語言的種類||By languages spoken 氣候的變化||By climate change 社會的發展與「生產與操控材料」的能力綁在一起，時代就以材料命名：石器、青銅器、鐵器時代。||Societal development is tied to producing and manipulating materials, so eras are named after materials: Stone, Bronze, Iron. 下列時代與年代的對應，何者正確？||Which era–date match is correct? 石器約250萬年前、青銅器約西元前3500年、鐵器約西元前1000年||Stone ~2.5 million BC, Bronze ~3500 BC, Iron ~1000 BC 石器約西元前3500年、青銅器約西元前1000年、鐵器約西元元年||Stone ~3500 BC, Bronze ~1000 BC, Iron ~AD 1 石器約250萬年前、青銅器約西元前1000年、鐵器約西元前3500年||Stone ~2.5 million BC, Bronze ~1000 BC, Iron ~3500 BC 三個時代都在西元後||All three eras are AD 課程投影片：石器時代約250萬年前，青銅器時代約西元前3500年，鐵器時代約西元前1000年。||Lecture slide: Stone Age ~2.5 million BC, Bronze Age ~3500 BC, Iron Age ~1000 BC. 材料演進中，「熱處理」階段的代表例子是？||In the evolvement of materials, what exemplifies the "heat treatment" stage? 陶器與金屬||Pottery and metals 石頭與木材||Stone and wood 半導體材料||Semiconducting materials 奈米碳管||Carbon nanotubes 演進：天然材料（石、木、黏土、獸皮）→ 熱處理（陶器、金屬）→ 結構-性質知識 → 科技先驅（半導體）。||Evolvement: natural (stone, wood, clay, skins) → heat treatment (pottery, metals) → structure–property knowledge → forerunner of technology (semiconductors). 材料科學與工程四要素的正確順序是？||What is the correct order of the four elements of materials science and engineering? 加工 → 結構 → 性質 → 性能||Processing → Structure → Properties → Performance 結構 → 加工 → 性能 → 性質||Structure → Processing → Performance → Properties 性質 → 結構 → 加工 → 性能||Properties → Structure → Processing → Performance 性能 → 性質 → 結構 → 加工||Performance → Properties → Structure → Processing 加工方式決定結構，結構決定性質，性質決定產品的性能。||Processing determines structure, structure determines properties, properties determine performance. 「材料科學」主要在研究什麼？||What does materials SCIENCE mainly study? 結構與性質之間的關係，以發展新材料||Relationships between structures and properties, leading to new materials 設計材料結構以產生預定性質，開發新產品與製程||Designing structures for predetermined properties, new products and processes 只研究材料的價格||Only the price of materials 只研究建築物的外觀||Only the appearance of buildings 第二個選項是「材料工程」。材料科學著重結構與性質的關係 → 新材料。||Option two describes materials ENGINEERING. Science focuses on structure–property relationships → new materials. 「材料工程」的定義是？||What is materials ENGINEERING? 設計或工程化材料的結構，以產生一組預定的性質||Designing or engineering a material's structure to produce a predetermined set of properties 只觀察材料的原子結構，不做任何設計||Only observing atomic structure without designing 把材料依顏色分類||Classifying materials by color 研究材料的歷史年代||Studying the historical dates of materials 材料工程：根據需求「設計結構」，得到預定的性質，進而產生新產品與新製程。||Engineering designs the structure for predetermined properties, creating new products and processes. 同一種碳鋼，冷卻速率愈快，硬度會如何？||For the same carbon steel, what happens to hardness as the cooling rate increases? 愈高（約由140 BHN 升至600 BHN）||It increases (from ~140 to ~600 BHN) 愈低||It decreases 完全不變||It stays the same 與冷卻速率無關，只與顏色有關||It depends only on color 加工（冷卻速率）改變顯微結構，進而改變性質（硬度）：0.01 °C/s 約140 BHN，約1000 °C/s 約600 BHN。||Processing (cooling rate) changes the microstructure and thus hardness: ~140 BHN at 0.01 °C/s, ~600 BHN near 1000 °C/s. 奈米結構的尺度約為？||What is the scale of a nanostructure? 小於 100 nm||Less than 100 nm 100 nm ～ mm||100 nm – mm mm ～ m||mm – m 大於 1 km||More than 1 km 奈米結構＝原子集合體，<100 nm；微觀 100 nm～mm；巨觀 mm～m。||Nanostructure: atom aggregates <100 nm; micro 100 nm–mm; macro mm–m. 「微觀結構」的特徵為何？||What characterizes MICROstructure? 需用某種顯微鏡觀察，尺度約100 nm～mm||Observed with some type of microscope, ~100 nm–mm 肉眼即可看見，尺度約 mm～m||Visible to the naked eye, mm–m 只包含電子與原子核||Only electrons and nuclei 尺度小於 0.1 nm||Smaller than 0.1 nm 微觀結構需要顯微鏡，尺度約 100 nm 到 mm。||Microstructure needs a microscope, ~100 nm to mm. 「巨觀結構」是指？||What is MACROstructure? 肉眼可見的結構元素（約 mm～m）||Structural elements visible to the naked eye (mm–m) 原子之間的鍵結||Bonds between atoms 電子雲的形狀||The shape of electron clouds 小於 100 nm 的原子團||Atom clusters below 100 nm 巨觀＝肉眼可見（macroscopic），例如 mm～m 的構件。||Macroscopic = naked-eye scale, e.g. mm–m. 「次原子結構」關注的是什麼？||What does SUBATOMIC structure concern? 電子，以及電子與原子核的交互作用||Electrons and their interaction with the nuclei 晶粒的大小||Grain size 材料中的孔隙||Pores in the material 構件的長度||Member length 結構由小到大：次原子（電子、原子核）→ 原子 → 奈米 → 微觀 → 巨觀。||From small to large: subatomic → atomic → nano → micro → macro. 課程中「性質（property）」的定義是？||How is a "property" defined in the lecture? 材料對特定外加刺激，其反應的種類與大小||The kind and magnitude of a material's response to a specific imposed stimulus 材料的價格與產地||A material's price and origin 材料的形狀與尺寸||A material's shape and size 材料的化學式||A material's chemical formula 例：變形（反應）vs. 外力（刺激）；光的反射 vs. 拋光。||E.g. deformation (response) vs. force (stimulus); reflection vs. polishing. 材料性質的六大類別是？||What are the six categories of material properties? 機械、電、熱、磁、光、劣化||Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative 機械、電、熱、磁、光、價格||Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, price 硬、軟、重、輕、亮、暗||Hard, soft, heavy, light, bright, dark 金屬、陶瓷、高分子、複合、半導體、奈米||Metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, semiconductors, nano 六大類：機械（E、強度、韌性）、電（導電性、介電常數）、熱（熱容、熱傳導）、磁、光（折射、反射）、劣化（化學反應性）。||Mechanical (E, strength, toughness), electrical (conductivity, dielectric constant), thermal (heat capacity, conductivity), magnetic, optical (refraction, reflectivity), deteriorative (chemical reactivity). 下列何者一般「與材料形狀和尺寸無關」？||Which is generally INDEPENDENT of shape and size? 彈性模數 E、剪力模數 G、蒲松比||Elastic modulus E, shear modulus G, Poisson's ratio 構件的總重量||The total weight of a member 桿件的軸向勁度 k＝EA/L||A bar's axial stiffness k = EA/L 梁的承載力||A beam's load capacity E、G、蒲松比是材料性質；重量、k＝EA/L、承載力都會隨尺寸改變。||E, G and Poisson's ratio are material properties; weight, k = EA/L and capacity all change with size. 「介電常數」屬於哪一類性質？||Dielectric constant belongs to which category? 電性質||Electrical 熱性質||Thermal 光學性質||Optical 劣化性質||Deteriorative 電性質包含導電性與介電常數。||Electrical properties include conductivity and dielectric constant. 三片 Al₂O₃ 圓片分別為透明、半透明、不透明，主要原因是？||Three Al₂O₃ disks are transparent, translucent and opaque. Why? 結構不同（單晶、低孔隙多晶、高孔隙多晶）造成光的散射不同||Different structures (single crystal, low/high-porosity polycrystal) scatter light differently 化學成分不同||Different chemical compositions 加入了不同的染料||Different dyes were added 只是拍照角度不同||Just different photo angles 成分都是 Al₂O₃，結構（晶界、孔隙）決定了光學性質：結構 → 性質。||All are Al₂O₃; structure (grain boundaries, pores) sets the optical property: Structure → Properties. 陶瓷材料主要的鍵結型式是？||What is the main bonding type in ceramics? 離子鍵||Ionic bonding 共價鍵（鏈狀有機分子）||Covalent (chainlike organic molecules) 只有凡得瓦力||Only van der Waals forces 沒有任何鍵結||No bonding at all 陶瓷：金屬與非金屬元素的化合物，以離子鍵為主（如 Al₂O₃、SiC、Si₃N₄）。||Ceramics: compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements, mainly ionic (Al₂O₃, SiC, Si₃N₄). 下列何者最能描述「高分子」？||Which best describes POLYMERS? 以C、H等非金屬元素為基礎、共價鍵、常為鏈狀的大分子||Covalently bonded, often chainlike large molecules based on C, H and other nonmetals 金屬與非金屬的離子鍵化合物||Ionic compounds of metals and nonmetals 原子排列整齊、具大量自由電子||Orderly atoms with many free electrons 只由一種元素組成的晶體||Crystals made of a single element only 高分子：共價鍵、鏈狀大分子、低密度、柔軟、可塑。||Polymers: covalent, chainlike, low density, soft, pliable. 金屬導電、導熱好又不透光的主要原因是？||Why are metals conductive and opaque? 具有大量非局域化（自由）電子||They have many non-localized (free) electrons 以離子鍵結合||They are ionically bonded 分子為鏈狀||Their molecules are chainlike 內部有很多孔隙||They contain many pores 非局域化電子 → 高導熱導電、不透光、反光。||Non-localized electrons → high conductivity, opaque, reflective. 固體材料的三大基本分類是？||What are the three basic classes of solid materials? 金屬、陶瓷、高分子||Metals, ceramics, polymers 金屬、複合材、先進材料||Metals, composites, advanced materials 木材、石材、玻璃||Wood, stone, glass 半導體、生醫、奈米||Semiconductors, biomaterials, nano 依化學組成與原子結構：金屬、陶瓷、高分子；複合材與先進材料是另外的分類。||By chemical makeup and atomic structure: metals, ceramics, polymers; composites and advanced materials are additional groups. 在密度比較圖中，哪一族群的密度一般最高？||In the density chart, which family is generally densest? 金屬（如白金約21 g/cm³）||Metals (e.g. platinum ~21 g/cm³) 陶瓷||Ceramics 高分子||Polymers 木材||Woods 金屬最緻密；陶瓷居中；高分子約1 g/cm³；木材甚至更低。||Metals are densest; ceramics middle; polymers ~1 g/cm³; woods even lower. 在剛度（彈性模數）比較圖中，哪一族群一般最低？||In the stiffness chart, which family is generally lowest? 高分子（橡膠可低至約0.01 GPa）||Polymers (rubber as low as ~0.01 GPa) 陶瓷||Ceramics 金屬||Metals 碳纖維複合材||CFRP composites 陶瓷與金屬約數十到數百 GPa（SiC約450 GPa），高分子多在 0.01～數 GPa。||Ceramics and metals are tens to hundreds of GPa (SiC ~450 GPa); polymers ~0.01 to a few GPa. 抵抗斷裂（斷裂韌性）最好的族群是？||Which family best resists fracture (fracture toughness)? 金屬||Metals 陶瓷||Ceramics 玻璃||Glass 混凝土||Concrete 金屬（鋼、鈦合金）斷裂韌性約20～200 MPa√m；陶瓷、玻璃、混凝土很低，所以很脆。||Metals (steel, Ti) are ~20–200 MPa√m; ceramics, glass, concrete are very low — brittle. 在電導度比較圖中，陶瓷與高分子屬於？||In the conductivity chart, ceramics and polymers are… 絕緣體（約10⁻⁸ (Ω·m)⁻¹ 以下）||Insulators (below ~10⁻⁸ (Ω·m)⁻¹) 良導體||Good conductors 半導體||Semiconductors 超導體||Superconductors 金屬約10⁷，半導體介於中間，陶瓷與高分子是絕緣體。||Metals ~10⁷; semiconductors in between; ceramics and polymers insulate. 選擇使用材料時的主要三原則是？||What are the three main principles of materials selection? 依服役條件選對材料、考慮劣化、經濟性||Right material for service conditions, deterioration, economics 顏色、重量、名氣||Color, weight, fame 越貴越好、越重越好、越硬越好||The more expensive/heavier/harder the better 只看強度||Strength only 做出明智的選材決定：服役條件、劣化、經濟性。||Make judicious choices: service conditions, deterioration, economics. 選材時常常需要在哪些性質間妥協？（課程例子）||Which properties often require a compromise in selection (lecture example)? 延展性 vs. 強度||Ductility vs. strength 顏色 vs. 氣味||Color vs. smell 名稱 vs. 產地||Name vs. origin 不需要妥協||No compromise is needed 很少有材料各方面都最好，例如強度高的材料延展性往往較差。||Few materials excel at everything; stronger ones are often less ductile. 玻璃纖維（Fiberglass）複合材的組成是？||What is fiberglass made of? 玻璃纖維埋入環氧樹脂或聚酯||Glass fibers embedded in epoxy or polyester 碳纖維埋入金屬||Carbon fibers in a metal 純玻璃塊||A solid block of glass 黏土與水泥||Clay and cement 玻璃纖維複合材：剛、強、可撓、低密度。||Fiberglass: stiff, strong, flexible, low density. CFRP 是什麼？||What is CFRP? 碳纖維埋入高分子的複合材，剛硬且強||Carbon fibers in a polymer — stiff and strong 一種純金屬||A pure metal 一種離子鍵陶瓷||An ionic ceramic 一種半導體||A semiconductor CFRP＝碳纖維強化高分子（Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer）。||CFRP = carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. 半導體的電性質是？||What are the electrical properties of semiconductors? 介於電導體與絕緣體之間||Between electrical conductors and insulators 比所有金屬都導電||More conductive than all metals 完全不導電||Completely non-conductive 只會導熱不導電||Conduct heat but not electricity 半導體是現代電子科技的基礎。||Semiconductors are the basis of modern electronics. 「智慧材料」的特徵是？||What characterizes SMART materials? 能感測環境變化，並以預定的方式回應（如感測器、傳感器）||They sense environmental changes and respond in predetermined manners (sensors, actuators) 一定是最硬的材料||They are always the hardest 只能用在植入人體||Only for implants 尺寸必須小於 100 nm||Must be smaller than 100 nm 感測 → 回應：例如形狀記憶合金、壓電材料。||Sense → respond: e.g. shape-memory alloys, piezoelectrics. 關於「奈米材料」何者正確？||Which is true about NANOmaterials? 尺寸 <100 nm，粒徑縮至奈米時特性大幅改變||Below 100 nm; properties change dramatically at the nanoscale 尺寸必須大於 1 mm||Must be larger than 1 mm 性質與塊材完全相同||Properties identical to bulk 只存在於自然界||Exist only in nature 例：觸媒轉換器、奈米碳管。1 nm＝10⁻⁹ m。||E.g. catalytic converters, carbon nanotubes. 1 nm = 10⁻⁹ m. 「生化材料」必須具備什麼條件？||What must BIOmaterials be? 可植入人體、無毒、具生物相容性||Implantable, non-toxic, biocompatible 導電性最好||Most electrically conductive 越重越好||The heavier the better 一定是高分子||Always polymers 例：人工髖關節（股骨柄、球頭、髖臼杯）。||E.g. hip implants (femoral stem, ball, acetabular cup). 先進材料的四種分類是？||What are the four types of advanced materials? 半導體、生化材料、智慧材料、奈米材料||Semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials 金屬、陶瓷、高分子、複合材||Metals, ceramics, polymers, composites 石器、青銅、鐵、鋼||Stone, bronze, iron, steel 木材、竹子、皮革、軟木||Wood, bamboo, leather, cork 先進材料：用於高科技、性質提升、新開發、高性能。||Advanced materials: high-tech, enhanced, newly developed, high-performance. 「異向性（anisotropy）」是指？||What is ANISOTROPY? 材料的量測性質隨量測方向而改變||Measured properties vary with the direction of measurement 材料在各方向性質都相同||Properties are the same in every direction 材料會隨時間變色||Color changes over time 材料沒有晶粒||The material has no grains 單晶體常有異向性，例如鐵的彈性模數在 [100] 與 [111] 方向差了兩倍多。||Single crystals are often anisotropic: iron's E differs by over 2× between [100] and [111]. 鐵單晶在 [100] 與 [111] 方向的彈性模數分別約為？||Iron single-crystal E along [100] and [111]? 125.0 GPa 與 272.7 GPa||125.0 GPa and 272.7 GPa 272.7 GPa 與 125.0 GPa||272.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa 兩者都是 207 GPa||Both 207 GPa 1 GPa 與 1000 GPa||1 GPa and 1000 GPa [100] 方向最軟（125.0 GPa）是巨獸的弱點；[111] 方向最硬（272.7 GPa）。||[100] is softest (125.0 GPa) — the beast's weak point; [111] is stiffest (272.7 GPa). 若多晶體中晶粒的方位完全隨機，整體會呈現？||If grain orientations in a polycrystal are random, the bulk is… 擬等向性（各方向性質近似相同）||Quasi-isotropic (nearly the same in all directions) 強烈的異向性||Strongly anisotropic 完全透明||Fully transparent 變成高分子||Turned into a polymer 隨機方位會把各晶粒的異向性平均掉；有紋理（textured）時才會保留異向性。||Random orientations average out anisotropy; textured polycrystals keep it. 關於「晶界」何者正確？||Which is true about GRAIN BOUNDARIES? 晶粒相遇處形成，原子排列不規則，常是腐蝕與破裂的起點||Formed where grains meet; disordered atoms; common starting points for corrosion and cracking 晶粒內部最整齊的區域||The most ordered region inside a grain 只存在於高分子||Exist only in polymers 單晶中最多||Most abundant in single crystals 單晶沒有晶界；多晶體的晶粒相遇處才有晶界。||Single crystals have no grain boundaries; they form where grains of a polycrystal meet. 多數工程金屬的結構是？||Most engineering metals are… 由許多晶粒組成的多晶體||Polycrystalline, made of many grains 單一個巨大的單晶||One huge single crystal 完全非晶質，像玻璃||Fully amorphous like glass 由鏈狀分子組成||Made of chain molecules 晶粒成核、成長、相遇 → 多晶體與晶界。||Nucleation, growth and impingement → polycrystal with grain boundaries. 偵測到程式碼遭到修改||Source code modification detected 本遊戲由 AEML, NTUST（臺灣科技大學先進工程材料實驗室）製作，請使用原始版本。||This game was made by AEML, NTUST (Advanced Engineering Materials Laboratory). Please use the original version.

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