CNS 11318 建築用天然石詞彙
CNS 12868 鋼鐵詞彙（試驗）
CNS 14891 混凝土及混凝土用粒料詞彙
CNS 16139-1 統計學－詞彙與符號－第1部：一般統計用語及機率用語
CNS 16139-2 統計學－詞彙與符號－第2部：應用統計學
內政部建築物混凝土結構設計規範
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
ACI CT Concrete Terminology
ASTM A751 Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
ASTM C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems
ASTM C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
ASTM C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C219 Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
ASTM C294 Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C638 Standard Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
ASTM C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
ASTM C1154 Standard Terminology for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Reinforced Cement Products
ASTM C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
ASTM C1232 Standard Terminology for Masonry
ASTM D653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
ASTM D2946 Standard Terminology for Asbestos and Asbestos Cement Products
ASTM E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
ASTM E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ASTM E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
ASTM E631 Standard Terminology of Building Construction
ASTM E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
absorption
absorption rate, 吸水率
accelerating admixture, 早強劑
acceptable range
accreditation
admixture, 摻料
aggregate, 粒料
1.
與膠結材料（ 例如水硬性水泥） 構成水泥混凝土或砂漿之顆粒狀材料， 如砂、礫石、碎石或煉鐵高爐爐碴。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
粒狀材料，例如沙、礫石、碎岩石、煉鐵高爐爐渣或其他類似材料，可與膠結材料結合使用以形成水硬性水泥混凝土或砂漿，或可作為單獨的建築材料使用(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
3.
如砂、礫石、碎石、煉鐵高爐爐碴、再生粒料(包含水硬性水泥混凝土碎塊)等粒狀材料，可藉膠合介質結成混凝土或砂漿。須符合CNS 1240之規定。(結113)
4.
粒狀材料，例如砂、礫石、碎岩石、煉鐵高爐爐碴，或再生粒料（包含破碎的水硬性水泥混凝土），與膠結介質結合使用以形成混凝土或砂漿。(ACI 318-25)
air content, 含氣量
1. 水泥漿、砂漿或混凝土中空隙的體積（不包含粒料顆粒中的孔隙空間），通常以漿體、砂漿或混凝土總體積的百分比來表示。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
air void, 空隙
1.
水泥漿、水泥砂漿或混凝土中所含充滿空氣之空間； 陷入空隙之特徵為寬度1mm以上形狀不規則； 而典型之輸入空隙則為圓球形或接近圓球形， 直徑在10至1000μm間。
備考： 所含之空隙可為拌和混凝土時所導入之空氣， 或由新拌混凝土之化學作用或其他製程所釋放之其他氣體。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
膠結拌成物中充滿空氣的空間（見輸氣 (entrained air) 與 陷入空氣 (entrapped air)）(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
air-cooled blast-furnace slag, 氣冷高爐爐碴)
1.
熔融高爐爐碴在大氣狀況下固化成之物質， 可在固化表面灑水促進冷卻。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
在大氣條件下，由熔融態的高爐爐碴凝固(solidification)而成的材料；後續可藉由在凝固表面上施加水分來加速冷卻。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
air-entraining admixture, 輸氣劑
bias
blast-furnace slag, 高爐爐碴
1.
為一種非金屬產品， 主要由鈣或其他基之矽酸鹽及鋁矽酸鹽所組成， 係高爐煉鐵時在熔融狀況下經由氣冷或水冷方式產生。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
一種非金屬產品，主要由鈣及其他鹼基的矽酸鹽與鋁矽酸鹽所組成，在熔融狀態下與鐵同時於高爐中產生。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
bleeding, water gain 泌水
1.
由於固體材料之沈澱所導致之新澆置混凝土或水泥砂漿拌和水之內部自行流動或浮現。(CNS 14891: 2015)
2.
由於固體材料在拌合體(mass)內部的沉降，導致拌合水在剛澆置的膠結拌成物內部發生自發性流動，或從中滲出的現象。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
bottom ash, 底灰
由研磨或粉狀煤炭燃燒所產生，且未被煙道氣帶走的灰。(ASTM C125-25)
bulk density, 容積密度
1.
單位容積粒料之質量， 此單位容積包括各顆粒之體積及各顆粒間之孔隙體積。
備考： 此詞彙取代不建議採用之「單位重量」(unit weight) 。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
針對粒料而言，係指單位體積堆積粒料材料之質量（該單位體積包含個別顆粒之體積，以及顆粒間之孔隙體積）。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 此詞彙取代了已棄用的詞彙：粒料的單位重 (unit weight)。(ASTM C125-25)
bulk specific gravity, 容積比重
1. 在某一指定溫度下某一體積材料之質量相對於某一指定溫度下相同體積蒸餾水質量之比值， 該材料體積包括該材料中可透水及不可透水之孔隙， 但不包括材料顆粒間之孔隙。(CNS 14891:2015)
bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), 面乾內飽和容積比重
calcined
(adj.) 加熱至低於熔點的溫度，以使固體材料發生分解、相變或去除揮發性部分。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
calibration
cellular concrete, 發泡混凝土
cement paste, 水泥漿體
(n.) 一種由水硬性水泥、水化產物與水組成的新拌或硬固拌成物，其中可包含或不包含以下任何項目：輔助膠結材料、摻料，以及顆粒細於 75 微米（200號）篩網的礦物細粉。(R2018)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 在混凝土的生產過程中，拌合時所引入的空隙(air void)通常被視為水泥漿的一部分。然而，在分析新拌與硬固混凝土時，空隙則不被視為水泥漿的一部分。硬固水泥漿中的水分包含了化學結合水與毛細孔中的水分。(ASTM C125-25)
cementitious materials, 膠結材料
1.
使用於製作灰漿、砂漿或混凝土時，仍具有膠結性質之材料，包括卜特蘭水泥、混合水硬性水泥、膨脹水泥、飛灰、原始或煅燒天然卜作嵐材料、高爐水泥及矽灰，但不包括替代水泥。(結113)
2.
當用於灌漿料(grout)、砂漿或混凝土時具有膠結價值的材料，包括卜特蘭水泥、混合水硬性水泥、膨脹水泥、飛灰、天然或煅燒天然卜作嵐、水淬高爐爐碴粉、矽灰與研磨玻璃卜作嵐(ground-glass pozzolan)。(ACI 318-25)
cementitious mixture, 膠結混合料
1. 含有水硬性水泥之混合物， 如水泥砂漿、混凝土或水泥灰漿。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 任何含有膠結材料和水的拌成物。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
certification
chemical admixture, 化學摻料
class of concrete, 混凝土分級
通常以抗壓強度來表示，對具有各種品質或用途之混凝土的特性分析(characterization)。(ACI 318-25)
clinker
(n.) the ash (= powder) and rough, hard pieces that remain after coal has been burned (Cambridge)
clinkers or clinker brick
(n.) a brick that has been burned in the kiln to the point of becoming darkened or deformed (Merriam-Webster)
coarse aggregate, 粗粒料
1.
(1) 主要部分停留於標稱孔寬為4.75mm 試驗篩以上之粒料。
(2) 粒料停留於標稱孔寬為4.75mm試驗篩以上之部分。
備考： 依使用狀況採用不同之定義， 定義(1) 適用於針對天然或加工後之總體粒料。定義(2)適用於粒料之一部分。規範應指明所需之性質與級配。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
(1) 主要停留在 4.75 毫米（4號）篩網上的粒料；或 (2) 粒料中停留在 4.75 毫米（4號）篩網上的部分。
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 此等定義互為替代，應視不同情境而分別適用。
定義 (1) 適用於處於自然狀態或經過加工後的整體粒料。
定義 (2) 適用於粒料的某一部分。
關於性質和級配 (grading) 的要求應在規範中明確指出。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
coal ash, 煤灰
(n.) 從目前的發電生產過程中獲取，或是從掩埋場或沉澱池中收集的飛灰與底灰。(ASTM C125-25)
combination-type self-compacting concrete, 併用系自充填混凝土
concrete, 混凝土
1.
一種複合材料， 其主要組成為膠結材料及粒料， 水硬性水泥混凝土之膠結材料由水硬性水泥及水混合而成。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
一種複合材料，主要由結合介質以及嵌入其中的粒料顆粒或碎片組成；在水硬性水泥混凝土中，膠結材是由水硬性水泥和水的拌成物所形成的。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
3.
由卜特蘭水泥或任何其他膠結材料、細粒料、粗粒料、水、有添加或未添加摻料之拌成物。(結113)
4.
由卜特蘭水泥或任何其他膠結材料、細粒料、粗粒料與水所組成的拌成物，含有或不含摻料。(ACI 318-25)
consistency, 稠度
consistency of a fresh cementitious mixture, 新拌膠結拌成物稠度
1. 新拌混凝土、水泥砂漿或水泥漿之相對流動性或流動能力。
備考： 新拌膠結混合物之此項特性難以定量， 已被接受採用經驗試驗法以提供稠度指標。例如CNS 1176〔混凝土坍度試驗法〕用於混凝土， CNS 1010 〔水硬性水泥墁料抗壓強度檢驗法（ 用50mm或2in.立方體試體）〕之流動性台法用於水泥砂漿。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 對於新鮮膠結混合物而言，指其相對的機動性或流動能力。
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 新拌膠結混合物的這項特性難以量化，因此採用了經驗測試方法來提供稠度的指標。例如，測試方法 C143/C143M 中描述的坍度測試 (slump test) 用於混凝土，測試方法 C1437 中描述的流動台方法 (flow table method) 用於砂漿，而測試方法 C939/C939M 中描述的流動錐方法 (flow cone method) 則用於灌漿料 (grout)。(R20215)(ASTM C125-25)
consolidation of cementitious mixtures, 膠結拌成物的搗實
對於膠結拌成物而言，指藉由減少孔隙體積，來增加位於模板、模具或容器中之新拌膠結拌成物密度的過程。(R2015)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 除了自充填混凝土 (self-consolidating concrete) 之外，搗實是藉由輸入機械能來完成的，通常是透過搗戳 (rodding)、夯實 (tamping)、敲擊 (tapping)、振動 (vibration)，或這些動作的某種組合。相關的 C09(Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates)標準中定義了具體的搗實儀器與方法。(ASTM C125-25)
crushed gravel, 碎礫石
1. 以人為方式破碎礫石所得之產品， 基本上每一顆粒應至少具一破碎面。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 指藉由機械設備將礫石顆粒破碎成較小碎塊而成之產物。(R2016)(ASTM C125-25)
crushed stone, 碎岩石
1. 以人為方式破碎岩石、巨石、大鵝卵石所得之產品， 基本上全部表面均應由破碎作業造成。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 使用機械設備將岩石(rock)、巨石(boulders)或大塊卵石(large cobble stones)破碎成較小碎塊所產生的產品。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
curing, 養護
1. 使新澆置膠結混合物保持含水量及溫度所採取之措施， 使產生水硬性水泥之水合作用及卜作嵐反應(若適用時)，致使該混合物之潛在性質得以發展。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 採取措施以維持剛澆置的膠結拌合物中的水分與溫度條件，讓水硬性水泥的水化作用及（適用時）卜作嵐反應得以進行，從而發展出該拌合物的潛在性質。(R2015)(ASTM C125-25)
curing compound, 養護劑
1. 一種液體， 當敷施於新澆置混凝土表面時， 形成一薄膜， 可減緩水分蒸發， 白色養護劑可反射熱量。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 一種液體，當塗佈於剛澆置的混凝土表面時，會形成一層阻礙水分蒸發的薄膜。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 含有白色顏料的養護劑可反射太陽輻射，並減少表面升溫。(ASTM C125-25)
D-cracking, D型龜裂
density, 密度
1. 單位體積之質量。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 某種材料單位體積的質量（此詞彙優先於「單位重」(unit weight) 使用）。(2013)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 對於具有可能充滿水的孔隙之材料（例如粒料），根據定義體積時所包含的材料部分，會對「密度」一詞加上不同的修飾語。所使用的修飾語如下：
| 包含於體積中之部分 (Included in the Volume) | 修飾語 (Modifier) |
| 材料之純固體部分 | 絕對 (absolute) |
| 材料之固體部分加上不可滲透孔隙 | 視 (apparent) |
| 材料之固體部分加上可滲透與不可滲透孔隙 | 不使用修飾語 |
例如，「視密度」(apparent density) 一詞是指固體材料的質量除以固體材料加上不可滲透孔隙的體積。如果體積中包含了可滲透的孔隙，則會在括號中使用限定詞（或縮寫），以定義測量質量時可滲透孔隙的水分狀態。這些限定詞為烘乾 (oven-dry, OD) 和面乾內飽和 (saturated-surface-dry, SSD)。例如，「密度 (SSD)」一詞是指多孔材料在其面乾內飽和 (SSD) 狀態下的密度。這個限定詞不會與絕對密度或視密度一起使用，因為它們所定義的體積中並不包含可滲透的孔隙。(ASTM C125-25)
dry-mixture shotcrete, 乾式噴混凝土
durability, 耐久性在設計時已考量，結構物或構材可抵抗因所處環境導致性能下降或使用壽命受限等劣化發生之能力。(結113)
elongated piece of aggregate, 細長粒料
entrained air, 輸入空氣1.
由新拌混凝土之化學作用或其他製程所釋放之氣體，其形成之空隙為圓球形或接近圓球形， 其直徑在10至1000μm間者。
備考： 參見「空隙」。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
直徑通常介於 10 到 1000 微米 (1 毫米) 之間且呈球形或接近球形的空隙，在拌合過程中藉由使用輸氣摻料而被蓄意引入膠結拌成物中。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 輸氣主要用於提高暴露於潮濕環境中凍融循環下之膠結拌成物的耐久性
。輸氣可能會影響硬固膠結拌成物的工作性與強度。(ASTM C125-25)
entrapped air, 陷入空隙1. 拌和混凝土時所導入之空氣，其形成之空隙為不規則形狀， 其寬度為1mm以上者。
備考： 參見「空隙」。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 尺寸通常為 1 毫米或更大且形狀主要呈不規則的空隙，在拌合與搬運過程中被非蓄意地引入膠結拌成物中。(ASTM C125-25)
equivalent age
evaluation authority
expanded blast-furnace slag, 膨脹高爐爐碴
fibers, 纖維
fine aggregate, 細粒料
1.
(1) 通過標稱孔寬為9. 5mm試驗篩、幾乎完全地通過標稱孔寬為4.75mm試驗篩且主要部分停留於標稱孔寬為75μ m試驗篩之粒料。
(2) 粒料中通過標稱孔寬為4.75mm試驗篩且停留於標稱孔寬為75μ m試驗篩之部分。
備考： 依使用狀況採用不同之定義， 定義(1) 適用於針對天然或加工後之總體粒料。定義(2)適用於粒料之一部分。規範應指明所需之性質與級配。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
(1) 通過 9.5 毫米（3/8 英寸）篩網、幾乎完全通過 4.75 毫米（4號）篩網，且主要停留在 75 微米（200號）篩網上的粒料。
(2) 粒料中通過 4.75 毫米（4號）篩網且保留在 75 微米（200號）篩網上的部分。
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 此等定義互為替代，應視不同情境而分別適用。
定義 (1) 適用於處於自然狀態或經過加工後的整體粒料。
定義 (2) 適用於粒料的某一部分。關於性質和級配 (grading) 的要求應在規範中明確指出。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
fineness modulus, 細度模數
flat piece of aggregate, 扁平粒料
flowability, 流動性
fly ash, 飛灰
研磨或粉狀煤炭燃燒過程所產生，並被煙道氣所帶走的細微粉狀殘留物。(R2016)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 飛灰與底灰不包含由下列過程所產生的殘留物：(1) 流體化床燃燒，(2) 都市固體廢棄物或任何其他垃圾與煤炭的混合燃燒，或 (3) 在焚化爐中燃燒工業或都市固體廢棄物。(ASTM C125-25)
fresh concrete, 新拌混凝土
具有足夠原始工作性，使其能藉由預定方法進行澆置與搗實的混凝土。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
granulated blast-furnace slag, 水淬高爐爐碴
1.
熔融高爐爐碴經用水快速淬冷所形成之玻璃質粒狀物質。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
當熔融態的高爐爐石被快速冷卻（例如浸入水中）時，所形成的玻璃狀、顆粒狀材料。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
gravel, 礫石1. 岩石經由自然碎裂與磨損， 或處理軟弱結合礫岩所產生之粗粒料。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 由岩石的自然崩解與磨耗，或由膠結鬆散之礫岩加工處理而得的粗粒料。（見「粒料 (aggregate)」）。(R2016)(ASTM C125-25)
grout, 灰漿
1. 一種膠結混合物， 可含有或不含有摻料， 主要用於填補孔隙。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 一種膠結拌成物，無論是否含有粒料或摻料，主要用於填補空隙。(2021)(ASTM C125-25)
hardened concrete, 硬固混凝土
已經發展出足夠的強度，以滿足某些既定用途或抵抗規定載重而不發生破壞的混凝土。(R2015)(ASTM C125-25)
hardening
(n.) 膠結拌成物在最終凝結之後，強度與其他性質的增加。(2018)(ASTM C125-25)
heavyweight aggregate, 重質粒料
high flowability concrete, 高流動性混凝土
high-density aggregate, 高密度粒料
high-range water-reducing admixture, 高性能減水劑
hydraulic cement, 水硬性水泥
1. 一種與水接觸會起化學反應而凝結及硬化之水泥， 此反應亦能在水中進行。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 一種藉由與水發生化學反應而凝結和硬化的水泥，並且能夠在水中進行此過程。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
hydraulic–cement grout, 水硬性水泥灰漿
1. 以水硬性水泥與水所製成之灰漿。(CNS 14891:2015)
hydraulic cementitious material, 水硬性膠結材料
1. 一種無機材料， 或數種無機材料之混合物， 其與水起化學反應形成水合物而凝結及發展強度， 此反應可在水中進行。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 一種無機材料或無機材料的混合物，藉由與水發生化學反應形成水合物而凝結並發展出強度，並且能夠在水中進行此過程。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
hydraulic-cement grout, 水硬性水泥灰漿
laitance, 乳沫
licensed professional engineer, 專業技師1. 根據管轄轄區專業證照法規之法定要求，領有執照以執行工程業務的個人；亦稱為註冊專業工程師 (registered professional engineer)。(R2015)(ASTM C125-25)
2. 根據專案建造所在地之州或管轄轄區專業證照法規的法定要求，領有執照以執行結構設計業務，並對全部或部分結構設計負有主要責任的個人。(ACI 318-25)
lightweight aggregate, 輕質粒料lime-saturated water, 飽和石灰水用於養護測試試體，含有達到飽和程度之氫氧化鈣，並與固態氫氧化鈣接觸以維持飽和狀態的水。(R2016)(ASTM C125-25)
low-density aggregate, 低密度粒料
manufactured sand, 加工砂、機製砂由人工碎化岩石、礫石、煉鐵高爐爐碴或水硬性水泥混凝土所製造之細粒料。(CNS 14891:2015)
maturity, 成熟度1.
膠結混合物某一性質之發展程度。
備考： 本名詞通常用於描述混凝土相對強度發展之程度， 但亦可應用於膠結材料因化學反應產生其他性質之演化， 在任何齡期， 成熟度由養護歷程決定。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
膠結拌成物某項性質發展的程度。(2018)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 該詞彙通常用於描述混凝土相對強度發展的程度。然而，該詞彙也可應用於取決於膠結材料內發生之化學反應的其他性質演變。在任何齡期，成熟度皆取決於養護歷程。(ASTM C125-25)
maturity, 成熟度
maturity function, 成熟度函數
maturity index, 成熟度指數
maximum size of aggregate, 粒料最大粒徑
natural sand, 天然砂岩石經自然崩解、磨損、或碎裂所得之細粒料。(CNS 14891:2015)
nominal maximum size of aggregate, 粒料標稱最大粒徑
nonshrink hydraulic-cement grout, 無收縮水泥灰漿
normal weight aggregate, 常重粒料
normal-density aggregate, 常密度粒料
passing ability through gaps, 間隙通過性
plain concrete, 純混凝土1. 無鋼筋或鋼筋量小於鋼筋混凝土規定最少鋼筋量之結構混凝土。(結113)
2. 不含鋼筋，或其鋼筋數量少於鋼筋混凝土所規定之最低鋼筋量的結構混凝土。(ACI 318-25)
portland cement, 卜特蘭水泥
1. 一種藉由研磨熟料而成之水硬性水泥，其主要成分為晶質水硬性矽酸鈣，且通常含有一種或多種下列物質：水、硫酸鈣、最高 5% 之石灰石，以及製程添加物。(ASTM C219-25)
2. 係以水硬性晶質矽酸鈣類為主要成分之熟料研磨而得之水硬性水泥，通常並含有以下1 種或1 種以上之成分。
(a) 水。
(b) 硫酸鈣。
(c) 不大於5 %之石灰石。
(d) 製程添加劑。(CNS 61:2025)
portland cement clinker, 卜特蘭水泥熟料
1. 一種經高溫處理使之部分熔融而成之熟料，其主要成分為晶質水硬性矽酸鈣。(ASTM C219-25)
2. 藉高溫處理部分熔融而成之熔結塊， 主要由晶質水硬性矽酸鈣所組成。(CNS 61:2025)
powder-type self-compacting concrete, 粉體系自充填混凝土
pozzolan, 卜作嵐材料
1. 一種矽質或矽氧材料與鋁氧材料， 本身具有少量或無膠結性， 但在呈細粉狀及水分存在時， 於常溫下， 會與氫氧化鈣起化學反應形成具有膠結性質之化合物。(CNS 61:2025)
2. 一種細粉狀的矽質或矽鋁質材料，其本身不會與水發生化學反應，但在常溫下會與氫氧化鈣和水發生反應，形成具有膠結性質的化合物。(2020)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 某些輔助膠結材料屬於弱水硬性水泥，但在氫氧化鈣與水存在的環境下，其膠結性質會得到增強。此類材料同時具備水硬性水泥與卜作嵐的特性。(ASTM C125-25)
reinforced concrete, 鋼筋混凝土
1. 至少具有依本規範規定最少量非預力或預力鋼筋或二者之結構混凝土。(結113)
2. 根據本規範之規定，配置了至少達到最低規定數量之非預力鋼筋、預力鋼筋或兩者兼具的結構混凝土。(ACI 318-25)
relative density, 相對密度
1. 一種材料在指定溫度下， 某體積之質量對與其相同體積之蒸餾水在同一指定溫度之質量比值。
備考： 同「比重」。 (CNS 14891:2015)
2. 在特定溫度下，材料密度與蒸餾水在該特定溫度下密度的比值；如果未標明溫度，則假設為 23 °C [73.5 °F]。(2013)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 正如關於「密度」一詞的討論中所述，對於多孔材料（例如粒料），根據在計算比值時所使用的材料密度，會對「相對密度」使用不同的修飾語和限定詞。例如，「視相對密度」(apparent relative density) 是指視密度與水密度的比值，而「相對密度 (SSD)」(relative density (SSD)) 則是密度 (SSD) 與水密度的比值。(ASTM C125-25)
retarding admixture, 緩凝劑
rigidity
roller-compacted concrete (RCC), 滾壓混凝土
sand
(n.) 由岩石的自然崩解與磨耗，或經由加工完全易碎的砂岩所產生的細粒料。(R2018)(ASTM C125-25)
segregation, 析離
1. 混凝土成分或粒料顆粒之非刻意分離，造成分佈不均勻。
2. 膠結拌成物的組成成分，或粒料顆粒所發生的非蓄意分離，導致其分佈缺乏均勻性。(R2019)(ASTM C125-25)
segrgation resistance, 材料抗析離性
self-compactability, 自充填性
self-compacting concrete, self-consolidating concrete, 自充填混凝土
1.
具有自充填性能之混凝土。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
能夠在鋼筋周圍流動並在自身重量下充填密實，無須額外施力，且不超過指定之材料分離（析離）限制的混凝土。(R2015)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 專案規範應根據指定的測試方法，標明可接受的析離程度。測試方法 C1610/C1610M 提供了一種在靜態條件下測定粒料分離程度的程序，而測試方法 C1611/C1611M 的附錄則描述了一種在流動條件下評估析離程度的非強制性技術。(ASTM C125-25)
setting, 凝結
1. 添加拌和用水後之一種化學反應過程，其導致膠結性混合料逐漸發展出剛性。 (CNS 14891:2015)
2. 加入拌合水之後，由於化學反應所發生的過程，會導致膠結拌成物逐漸發展出剛性(rigidity)。(R2018)(ASTM C125-25)
shotcrete, 噴混凝土
slag cement, 水淬高爐爐碴粉
已經研磨至水泥細度，含有或不含添加物，且屬於水硬性水泥的高爐爐碴。(R2024)(ASTM C125-25)
soundness, 健性
指固體不具開裂(crack)、缺陷(flaw)、裂隙(fissue)，或與既定標準無顯著偏差之狀態；就水泥而言，係指其在凝結後不具過度之體積變化；就粒料而言，係指其抵抗所組成之混凝土可能遭受之侵蝕作用的能力，特別是氣候風化(weathering)影響。(ACI CT-25)
specific gravity, 比重
1.
在某一指定溫度下某一體積材料之質量相對於某一指定溫度下相同體積之蒸餾水質量之比值。 (CNS 14891:2015)
2.
見首選詞彙，相對密度 (density, relative)。(R2018)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 「比重」一詞被定義為在特定溫度下，某體積材料的質量與相同體積蒸餾水在該特定溫度下質量的比值。這個無因次量與相對密度相同。由於「相對密度」一詞更能描述其含義，因此被作為首選詞彙。某些 C09 標準會使用「相對密度（比重）」的術語，以協助過渡到這個首選詞彙。(ASTM C125-25)
stability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC)
1. 自充填混凝土抵抗漿體與粒料分離的能力。(R2018)(ASTM C125-25)
structural concrete, 結構混凝土
作為結構目的之混凝土，包含純混凝土及鋼筋混凝土。(結113)
supplementary cementitious material
time of final setting of concrete, 混凝土終凝時間
1. 由最初水泥與水接觸開始， 直至混凝土篩分出之水泥砂漿， 其貫入阻抗達27.6MPa 時， 所經過之時間（ 依據CNS 14220試驗）。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 在水泥與水最初接觸後，從混凝土中篩出的砂漿達到 4000 psi [27.6 MPa] 貫入阻力所需經過的時間。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
time of initial setting of concrete, 混凝土初凝時間
1. 由最初水泥與水接觸開始， 直至混凝土篩分出之水泥砂漿， 其貫入阻抗達3.5MPa 時， 所經過之時間（ 依據CNS 14220〔混凝土凝結時間試驗法〕試驗）。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 在水泥與水最初接觸後，從混凝土中篩出的砂漿達到 500 psi [3.5 MPa] 貫入阻力所需經過的時間。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
time of setting, 凝結時間
1.
將水分加入膠結性混合料起， 至該混合料達到以規定步驟測得指定程度之剛性為止所經歷之時間。
備考： 凝結期間之剛性發展係漸進且連續過程， 凝結時間係以指定試驗方法所得之主觀定義。對膠結材料而言， 凝結期間通常定義為達到抵抗一定程度之探針貫入阻力之歷時。例如， 混凝土之初凝時間係按CNS 14220測定， 由最初水泥與水接觸開始， 直至混凝土篩分出之水泥砂漿其貫入阻抗達3.5MPa時所經過之時間。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
從將拌合水加入膠結拌成物開始，直到該拌成物達到由特定程序所測得之指定剛性程度(degree of rigidity)所經過的時間。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 凝結過程中剛性的發展是一個漸進且連續的過程，而凝結時間是根據特定的測試方法來任意定義的。對於膠結拌成物而言，凝結時間通常被定義為達到探針貫入阻力之指定水準所經過的時間。例如，混凝土的初凝時間 (time of initial setting) 是由測試方法 C403/C403M 來決定，並被定義為在水泥與水最初接觸後，從混凝土中篩出的砂漿達到 500 psi [3.5 MPa] 貫入阻力所經過的時間。(ASTM C125-25)
unit weight, 單位重
1. 單位體積之質量。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 對於粒料而言，此為不建議使用（棄用）之詞彙 — 請使用首選詞彙：粒料的容積密度 (bulk density)。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
viscosity, 黏稠性
1. 新拌混凝土之黏稠程度。 (CNS 14891:2015)
viscosity enhancing agent, 增黏劑
viscosity-agent-type self-compacting concrete, 增黏劑系自充填混凝土
water-cement ratio, 水灰比1. 混凝土、水泥砂漿或水泥漿中， 水之質量(不包括被粒料吸收之水分)與卜特蘭水泥質量之比值， 以小數表示。
備考： 水灰比簡記為w/c，僅適用於膠結混合料中之膠結材料僅有卜特蘭水泥之情況。(CNS 14891:2015)
2. 在膠結拌成物中，水的質量（不包含被粒料吸收的水分）與卜特蘭水泥質量的比值，以小數表示（另見水膠比 (water-cementitious material ratio)）。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 此詞彙縮寫為 w/c，適用於僅包含卜特蘭水泥作為膠結材料的膠結拌成物。對於含有混合水硬性水泥，或是卜特蘭水泥與另外添加的輔助膠結材之組合的膠結拌成物，請使用「水膠比」(water-cementitious material ratio) 一詞。(ASTM C125-25)
water-cementitious material ratio, 水膠比1.
混凝土、水泥砂漿或灰漿中， 水之質量(不包括被粒料吸收之水分)與水硬性膠結材料質量之比值， 以小數表示。(參見水灰比)
備考： 水膠比簡記為w/b，僅適用於膠結混合料中僅含有卜特蘭水泥及其它膠結材料。(CNS 14891:2015)
2.
在膠結混合物中，水的質量（不包含被粒料吸收的水分）與水硬性膠結材料質量的比值，以小數表示（另見水灰比 (water-cement ratio)）。(R2023)(ASTM C125-25)
討論 (DISCUSSION) — 此詞彙縮寫為 w/cm，適用於含有除了卜特蘭水泥以外之膠結材料的膠結拌成物，例如混合水硬性水泥，或是卜特蘭水泥與另外添加的其他輔助膠結材料的組合
。如果卜特蘭水泥是膠結拌成物中包含的唯一膠結材料，則使用「水灰比」(water-cement ratio) 一詞。(ASTM C125-25)
3.
混凝土組成物中，水質量 (不包含粒料吸收水質量) 與膠結材料質量之比值，以小數表示。(結113)
water-reducing admixture, 減水劑
waveform
wet-mix shotcrete, 濕式噴混凝土
workability
workability of concrete, 混凝土工作性
----- ASTM C125-25 -----
absorption
acceptable range
accreditation
admixture
accelerating admixture
air-entraining admixture
chemical admixture
extended set-control admixture
mineral admixture
retarding admixture
water-reducing admixture
water-reducing admixture, high-range
age, equivalent
aggregate
coarse aggregate
fine aggregate
heavyweight aggregate
high-density aggregate
lightweight aggregate
low-density aggregate
normal-density aggregate
normalweight aggregate
air content
air-cooled blast-furnace slag
air, entrained
air, entrapped
air void
authority, evaluation
bias
blast-furnace slag
blast-furnace slag, air-cooled
blast-furnace slag, expanded
blast-furnace slag, granulated
bleeding
bottom ash
bulk density
calcined
calibration
cellular concrete
cement, hydraulic
cement, slag
cementitious material (hydraulic)
cementitious material, supplementary, (SCM)
cementitious mixture
certification
coal ash
compound, curing
concrete
concrete, cellular
concrete, fresh
concrete, hardened
concrete, pervious
concrete, roller-compacted, RCC
concrete, self-consolidating, SCC
consistency
consolidation
crushed gravel
crushed stone
curing
curing compound
density
density, relative
difference limit (d2s or d2s%)
duration, impact
elongated piece (of aggregate)
engineer, licensed professional
entrained air
entrapped air
examiner
factor, temperature-time
fibers
fineness modulus
flat piece (of aggregate)
fly ash
fog room
frequency, sampling
fresh concrete
granulated blast-furnace slag
gravel
gravel, crushed
ground-glass pozzolan
grout
grout (nonshrink), hydraulic-cement
hardened concrete
hardening
hydraulic cement
identical test specimens
inspection, laboratory
interval, sampling
laitance
lime-saturated water
manufactured sand
material, certified reference
material, consensus reference
material, reference
maturity
maturity function
maturity index
maximum size
method, impact-echo
mixture, reference
mixture, test
moist room
multilaboratory standard deviation, sR (or coefficient of variation, CVR)
nominal maximum size
oven-dry
paste, cement
period, sampling
plate
pores, impermeable
pores, permeable
pozzolan
pozzolan, natural
pozzolanic
rate, sampling
replicate
rodding
roller-compacted concrete, RCC
sand
sand, manufactured
saturated-lime water
saturated-surface-dry (SSD)
segregation
self-consolidating concrete, SCC
setting
shotcrete
shotcrete, dry-mix
shotcrete, wet-mix
shrinkage, chemical
shrinkage, autogenous
self-desiccation
silica fume
single-operator standard deviation, sr, (or coefficient of variation, CVr)
slag cement
slump flow
specific gravity
spectrum, amplitude
stability
standard, measurement
standard, reference
standardization
stone, crushed
supplementary cementitious material, (SCM)
tamping
tapping
temperature, datum
test determination
test result
test, acceptance
test, check
testing, proficiency
time of setting
time of final setting (of concrete)
time of initial setting (of concrete)
traceability, metrological
transform, Fourier
unit weight
verification
vibration
void, air
water-cement ratio
water-cementitious material ratio
waveform
workability
----- ACI CT-25 -----
A/F ratio
Abrams’ law
abrasion damage
abrasion resistance
absolute volume
absorbed moisture
absorbed water
absorption
abutment
accelerating admixture
acceleration
accelerator
accelerometer
accidental air
acid etching
acrylic resin
active crack
addition
additive
adhesion
adhesives
adiabatic
admixture
adsorbed water
adsorption
advancing-slope grouting
advancing-slope method
aerated concrete
afwillite
agent
agglomeration
aggregate
aggregate blending
aggregate gradation
aggregate interlock
aggregate transparency
aggregate-cement ratio
agitating speed
agitating truck
agitation
agitator
air content
air entraining
air entrainment
air lift
air meter
air ring
air separator
air void
air-blown mortar
air-cooled blast-furnace slag
air-entraining admixture
air-entraining agent
air-entraining hydraulic cement
air-permeability test
air-water jet
alignment wire
alite
alkali
alkali reactivity (of aggregate)
alkali-aggregate reaction
alkali-carbonate rock reaction
alkali-silica reaction
alkyl aryl sulfonate
allowable bearing capacity
allowable load
allowable stress
alternative cement
alumina
aluminate cement
aluminate concrete
aluminous cement
amount of mixing
amplitude
anchor
anchor bolt
anchorage
anchorage bond stress
anchorage deformation
anchorage device
anchorage loss
anchorage slip
anchorage zone
angle of repose
angular aggregate
anhydrite
anhydrous calcium chloride
anti-washout admixture
arc spectrography
architect-engineer
architectural concrete
area of steel
arenaceous
argillaceous
arris
arrissing tool
asbestos-cement products
ashlar masonry
asphalt
asphalt cement
asphaltic concrete
atmospheric-pressure steam curing
autoclave
autoclave curing
autoclave cycle
autoclaved
autoclaved aerated concrete
autoclaving
autogenous healing
autogenous length change
autogenous shrinkage
autogenous volume change
automatic batcher
auxiliary reinforcement
average bond stress
axle load
axle steel
axle-steel reinforcement
b/bo
back form
back plastering
back stay
backshores
bacterial corrosion
bag of cement
balanced load
balanced moment
balanced reinforcement
ball mill
ball test
bar
bar bender
bar mat
bar schedule
bar spacing
bar support
bar-end check
barite
barrel (of cement)
base
base bead
base coat
base course
base plate
base screed
basic creep
bassanite
batch
batch mixer
batch plant
batch weights
batched water
batcher
manual batcher
semiautomatic batcher
automatic batcher
batten
batter pile
bauxite
bay
beam
beam bottom
beam pocket
beam test
beam-column
bearing capacity
bearing stratum
belite
belled pier
bending moment
bending-moment diagram
bent bar
bentonite
billet steel
binary mixture
binder
biological shielding
bituminous cement
Blaine apparatus
Blaine test
blast-furnace slag
air-cooled blast-furnace slag
expanded blast-furnace slag
granulated blast-furnace slag
ground-granulated blast-furnace slag
bleed
bleeding
bleeding capacity
bleeding rate
blemish
blended cement
blinding
blistering
block beam
blockout
blowholes
blowpipe
blowup
board butt joint
bolt sleeve
bond
bond area
bond breaker
bond length
bond plaster
bond prevention
bond strength
bond stress
bonded hollow-wall masonry
bonded member
bonded post-tensioning
bonded tendon
bonder
bonding agent
bonding layer
bored pile
boring
boron frits
boron-loaded concrete
box out
brace
bracing
bracket
bredigite
breeze
brick seat
bridge deck
briquette
broadcast
brown coat
brown out
brownmillerite
brucite
bruised surface
buckling
bug holes
buggy
build-up
bulk cement
bulk density
bulkhead
bulking
bulking factor
bundled bars
burlap
burnish
burnishing
bush hammer
butt joint
butter
buttress
butyl stearate
cable
cage
caisson
calcareous
calcine
calcite
calcium
calcium sulfoaluminate cement
calcium chloride
calcium chloride solution
calcium hydroxide
calcium stearate
calcium-aluminate cement
calcium-silicate brick
calcium-silicate hydrate
caliche
California bearing ratio (CBR)
calorimeter
camber
canister-type anchor bolt
cant strip
cap
capacity
capacity-reduction factor
capillarity
capillary action
capillary pores
capillary rise
capillary suction
carbon black
carbonation
carbonation shrinkage
cast stone
castable refractory
cast-in-place concrete
cast-in-place pile
cast-in-situ
cathead
cathodic protection
caulk
cavitation damage
celite
cellular concrete
cellular construction
cement
cement bacillus
cement content
cement factor
cement gel
cement gun
cement paint
cement paste
cement plaster
cement rock
cementation process
cement-bound macadam
cementitious
cementitious materials
cementitious mixture
centering
central mixer
central-mixed concrete
centrifugal process
centrifugally cast concrete
ceramic bond
chair
chalk
chalking
chamfer
chamfer strip
charge
checking
chemical admixture
chemical attack of concrete
chemical bond
chemically prestressing cement
chert
chipping
chips
chute
clamp
class (of concrete)
clay
clay content
cleanout
cleanup
cleat
climbing form
clinker
clip
coarse aggregate
coarse-aggregate factor
coarse-grained soil
coat
coated bar
coating
cobble
cobblestone
coefficient of subgrade reaction
coefficient of variation
cold joint
cold strength
cold weather
cold-drawn wire
cold-drawn wire reinforcement
cold-joint lines
cold-worked steel reinforcement
colemanite
colloidal grout
colloidal mixer
color hardener
colorimetric value
column
column capital
column clamp
column side
column strip
combined footing
combined-aggregate grading
come-along
compacted strand
compacting factor
compaction
composite
composite column
composite construction
composite pile
composite sample
compression member
compression reinforcement
compression test
concentric tendons
concordant tendon
concrete
concrete block
concrete breakout failure
concrete brick
concrete cart
concrete compressive strength
concrete containment structure
concrete cover
concrete dye
concrete masonry unit
concrete paver
concrete pile
concrete producer
concrete pryout strength
concrete pump
concrete reactor vessel
concrete spreader
concrete strength
concrete vibrating machine
condensed silica fume
cone bolt
confined region
consistency
consistency factor
consistometer
consolidation
construction joint
construction loads
contact ceiling
contact pressure
contact splice
containment structures
continuous beam
continuous grading
continuous mixer
continuous mixing
continuous sampling
continuous slab or beam
continuously reinforced pavement
contract documents
contraction joint
contraction-joint grouting
contractor
control joint
controlled low-strength material (CLSM)
conveying hose
conveyor
coping
corbel
core (n.)
core (v.)
core test
cored beam
coring
corner reinforcement
corrosion
corrosion inhibitor
cotton mats
coupler
coupling agent
coupling sleeve
course
cover
crack
crack chaser
crack-control reinforcement
cracked section
cracking load
craze cracks
crazing
creep
critical saturation
cross bracing
cross section
crush plate
crushed gravel
crushed stone
crusher-run aggregate
cube strength
cumulative batching
curing
curing agent
curing blanket
curing compound
curing cycle
curing delay
curing kiln
curing membrane
curling
curtain grouting
curvature friction
cutting screed
cuttings
cycle
cylinder strength
damage
dampproofing
darby
dash-bond coat
data acquisition system
davit
D-cracking
dead end
dead load
dead-end anchorage
deadman
debonding
decentering
deck
decking
decorative concrete
defect
deflected tendons
deformation
deformed bar
deformed reinforcement
deformed tie bar
dehydration
deicer
delamination
delay
delayed ettringite formation
delivery hose
demold
denier
dense-graded aggregate
density
density (dry)
density control
design-bearing pressure
design load
design strength
detailer
detailing
deterioration
development bond stress
development length
diagonal crack
diagonal cracking
diagonal tension
diametral compression test
diamond mesh
diatomaceous earth
dicalcium silicate
dilation
direct dumping
discoloration
disintegration
dispersing agent
distortion
distress
distribution-bar reinforcement
D-line cracks
dome
dormant crack
double-tee beam
double-up
dowel
dowel rod
dowel-bar reinforcement
draped tendons
drier
drilled pier
drilled pile
drilled-in caisson
drip
drop panel
dropchute
dry mix
dry mixing
dry pack
dry packing
dry process
dry rodding
dry topping
dry-batch weight
dry-cast process
dry-mix shotcrete
dry-packed concrete
dry-rodded density
dry-rodded volume
dry-rodded weight
dry-shake
dry-tamp process
drying creep
drying shrinkage
duct
ductility
Dunagan analysis
durability
durability factor
dust of fracture (in aggregate)
dusting
dynamic analysis
dynamic load
dynamic loading
dynamic modulus of elasticity
early age (of concrete)
early strength
early-entry dry cut saw
eccentric tendon
edge beam
edge form
edge reinforcement
edger
edging
elastic design
elastic limit
elastic loss
elastic shortening
elasticity
electrical curing
electrolysis
electrolyte
elephant trunk
elongated piece (of aggregate)
elongation
embedment length
emery
emulation
emulative detail
emulsion
enclosure wall
encrustation
end anchorage
end block
end-bearing sleeve
endothermic reaction
engineer-architect
engineered cementitious composite
entrained air
entrapped air
environmental engineering concrete structures
epoxy
epoxy concrete
epoxy grout
epoxy mortar
epoxy resin
epoxy-coated bar
equilibrium density
equivalent embedment length
equivalent rectangular stress distribution
erosion
ettringite
evaporable water
evaporation reducer
evaporation retardant
exfoliation
exothermic reaction
expanded blast-furnace slag
expanded shale (clay or slate)
expanded-metal fabric reinforcement
expanded-metal lath
expansion
expansion joint
expansion sleeve
expansive cement
Type K expansive cement
Type M expansive cement
Type S expansive cement
expansive component
exposure class
extender
extensibility
exterior panel
external vibrator
exudation
fabric
fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix composite
fabricator
factor of safety
factored load
failure
false header
false setting
falsework
fascia
fastener
fatigue
fatigue failure
fatigue life
fatigue strength
faulting
feather edge
feed wheel
ferrocement
foamed concrete
fog curing
fog room
folded plate
footing
form
form anchor
form coating
form hanger
form insulation
form lining
form oil
form pressure
form release agent
form spacer
form spreader
form tie
formwork
formwork engineer/contractor
formwork tiers
foundation
foundation bolt
fracture
free fall
free lime
free moisture
free water
frequency
fresh concrete
fresno trowel
friction loss
friction pile
frog
Fuller’s curve
furring
ganged forms
gap-graded aggregate
gehlenite
general contractor
geopolymer
geopolymerization
Gillmore needle
girder
glass-transition temperature
go-devil
grab setting
gradation
grade
grade beam
grade strip
graded standard sand
gradient
grading
grading curve
granolithic concrete
granulated blast-furnace slag
gravel
green concrete
grid foundation
grinding
grinding aids
grinding medium
grizzly
grog
groove joint
groover
ground wire
ground-granulated blast-furnace slag
grout
grout slope
grouted masonry
grouted-aggregate concrete
grouting
gun
Gunite
gunman
gunning
gypsum
gypsum plaster
hairline crack
hairpin
Hamm tip
hanger
hard-burned lime
hardened concrete
hardener
hardening
Hardy Cross method
harped tendons
harsh mixture
haunch
hawk
hazardous material
hazardous material tank
head
head anchorage capacity
head bearing area
headed bar
header
health hazard
heat of hydration
heat of solution
heating rate
heavy concrete
heavy-media separation
heavyweight aggregate
heavyweight concrete
helical reinforcement
hematite
hemihydrate
hesitation setting
Hessian
high-alumina cement
high-density concrete
high-discharge mixer
high-early-strength cement
high-early-strength concrete
high-lift grouting
high-performance concrete
high-pressure steam curing
high-range water-reducing admixture
high-strength concrete
high-strength reinforcement
high-strength steel
high-temperature steam curing
hod
hold-down bolt
hollow-unit masonry
honeycomb
hook
Hooke’s law
hooked bar
hoop reinforcement
horizontal shoring
horizontal-shaft mixer
hot cement
hot face
hot-load test
hydrate
hydrated lime
hydration
hydraulic cement
hydraulic concrete structures
hydraulic hydrated lime
hydraulic-cement grout
hydromix nozzle
hydrous calcium chloride
ignition loss
ilmenite
impact hammer
impending slough
inclined-axis mixer
incrustation
indented wire
initial curing
initial prestress
initial setting
initial setting time
initial stresses
insert
in-situ concrete
insoluble residue
insulating concrete
internal curing
internal vibration
inverted L-beam
I-section
isolation joint
jacking device
jacking force
jacking stress
jaw crusher
jitterbug
joint
joint sealant
joint spall
jointed detail
jointer (concrete)
jointing
joint-sealing compound
joist
kaolinite
Kelly ball
kern area
key
keyway
kick strip
kicker
kiln
lacing
lagging
laitance
lap
lap splice
lapping (reinforcing steel)
lateral reinforcement
latex
layer
L-beam
leaf
lean concrete
lean mixture
ledger
length change
lever arm
licensed design professional
lift
lift joint
lift slab
lightweight aggregate
lightweight concrete
lime
limestone
limit design
limonite
linear transformation
linear-traverse method
liner
lining
lintel
live load
load balancing
load factor
load-bearing wall
long column
longitudinal bar
longitudinal crack
longitudinal joint
longitudinal reinforcement
Los Angeles abrasion test
loss of prestress
loss on ignition
low-alkali cement
low-carbon concrete
low-density concrete
low-heat cement
low-lift grouting
low-pressure steam curing
low-strength materials
machine-base grout
macroscopic
magnetite
manual batcher
manufactured sand
map cracking
marble
mason
masonry
masonry cement
masonry grout
masonry lift
mass
mass concrete
mass density
mat
mat foundation
material hose
matrix
maturity factor
maximum size (of aggregate)
mean stress
mechanical anchorage
mechanical bond
mechanical connection
mechanical lap splice
megascopic
melilite (akermanite)
melt
membrane curing
membrane slab
membrane theory
merwinite
mesh reinforcement
mesh roller
Mesnager hinge
metakaolin
microconcrete
microcracking
microcracks
microscopic
microsilica
microtopping
middle strip
mill scale
mineral aggregate
mix (n.)
mix design
mixer
mixing cycle
mixing plant
mixing speed
mixing time
mixing water
mixture
mixture proportion
mobile placer
mobility
moderate exposure condition
moderate sulfate-resisting cement
modular ratio
modulus of resilience
modulus of rupture
modulus of subgrade reaction
Mohs scale
moist cabinet
moist room
moisture barrier
moisture content of aggregate
moisture-free
mold
moment distribution
monolithic concrete
monolithic surface treatment
monolithic topping
monomolecular
montmorillonite
mortar
mortar board
mosaic
mottling
moving forms
mud mat
mud pumping
mudjacking
multi-element prestressing
nailer
natural cement
natural pigment
natural pozzolan
natural sand
neat cement grout
neat cement paste
neat plaster
negative moment
negative reinforcement
net cross-sectional area (of masonry)
net mixing water
neutral axis
neutral refractory
nodal zone
node
nominal maximum size (of aggregate)
nominal shear strength
nominal size
nominal strength
nominal strength reduction factor
nonagitating unit
non-air-entrained concrete
nonbearing wall
noncombustible
nondestructive testing
nonevaporable water
nonferrous
nonprestressed reinforcement
nonrecoverable creep
nontilting mixer
nonvolatile content
normal cement
normal consistency
normal portland cement
normal stress
normalweight aggregate
normalweight concrete
no-slump concrete
nozzle
nozzle body
nozzle liner
nozzle velocity
obsidian
oil-well cement
one-way system
opal
opaline chert
open-graded aggregate
open-top mixer
ordinary portland cement
orthotropic
outlet
owner’s representative
oven-dry
oven
overlay
oversanded
overspray
overvibration
owner
pack setting
packaged concrete, mortar, or grout
packer
packerhead process
paddle mixer
pan
pan mixer
panel
panel strip
parapet
parge
partial prestressing
particle shape
parting agent
pass
paste
paste content
paste volume
pattern cracking
pattern cracks
patterned ashlar
pavement (concrete)
pavement slab
paving train
pea gravel
peak load
peak load strength
pedestal
peeling
pencil rod
penetrability
penetration
penetration probe
penetration resistance
percentage of reinforcement
periclase
perlite
permanent setting
permeability
pervious concrete
pervious pavement
petrography
petrology
phenolic resin
physical salt attack
pier
pier cap
pigment
pilaster
pile
pile bent
pile cap
pipe column
pipe pile
pitting
placeability
placement
placing
plain bar
plain concrete
plain masonry
plain pavement
plane of weakness
plaster
plaster of paris
plastic
plastic cement
plastic consistency
plastic hinge
plastic shrinkage
plasticity
plasticizer
plastic-shrinkage crack
plumb
pneumatically applied mortar
point count method
point load
polarizing microscope
polished concrete
polyethylene
polymer
polymer concrete
polymer-cement concrete
polymer-impregnated concrete
polymerization
polystyrene resin
polyurethane
polyvinyl chloride
ponding
popout
porosity
portland blast-furnace slag cement
portland cement
portland-cement clinker
portland-cement concrete
portlandite
portland-pozzolan cement
position coupler
positive moment
positive reinforcement
post
post shore
adjustable timber single-post shore
fabricated single-post shore
timber single-post shore
post-tensioning
pot life
pouring (of concrete)
pozzolan
pozzolanic
pozzolanic reaction
pozzolanic-activity index
preblended grout
precast concrete
precast pile
precompressed zone
preformed foam
preplaced-aggregate concrete
pre-post-tensioning
preservation
preset period
preshrunk concrete (mortar or grout)
pressed edge
presteaming period
prestress
prestressed concrete
prestressing steel
pretensioning
pretensioning bed (or bench)
primary containment system
primary crusher
principal planes
principal stress
probabilistic design
prop
proportion
proportional limit
protected paste volume
pugmill
pullout failure
pull-through failure
pulse velocity
pulverized-fuel ash
pumice
pumicite
pumpable concrete
pumping (of pavements)
punching shear
putty
pyrite
quality assurance
quality control
quick setting
quicklime
radar
rail-steel reinforcement
ramming
random ashlar
raveling
raw mix
Rayleigh wave
reactive aggregate
reactive silica
reactive stain
ready mixed concrete
rebar
rebound hammer
recycled concrete
reference standards
refractories
refractoriness
refractory
refractory aggregate
refractory concrete
refractory-insulating concrete
regulated-set cement
rehabilitation
reinforced concrete
reinforced masonry
reinforcement
reinforcement bar
reinforcement ratio
reinforcing bar
relative humidity
release agent
remoldability
remolding test
render
repair
repeatability
reproducibility
required average strength
required strength
resetting (of forms)
reshore
residual deformation
residual strength
resilience
resin
resin concrete
resin mortar
restoration
restraint (of concrete)
retardation
retarder
retarding admixture
retemper
reveal (n.)
revibration
revolving-blade (or paddle) mixer
rheology
rib
ribbed panel
ribbed slab
ribbon loading
rich concrete
rich mixture
rider cap
rigid frame
rigid pavement
rigid pier
rock pocket
rod
rodding
roller compaction
roller-compacted concrete
rotary kiln
rout
rubber setting
rubbing brick
rubble
rupture modulus
rupture strength
rustication
rustication strip
R-value
sack
sack rub
sagging
sample
sampling plan
sand
sand equivalent
sand pocket
sand streak
sandblast
sand-coarse aggregate ratio
sanded grout
sand-lightweight concrete
sand-lime brick
sandstone
sandwich panel
Santorin earth
saponification
saturated surface-dry
saturated surface-dry particle density
saturation
saw cut
sawdust concrete
sawed joint
scaling
scalping screen
scanning electron microscope
scarf connection
scatterer
Schmidt hammer
scoria
scour
scratch coat
screed
screed guide
screed rails
screed wire
screeding
screen
sealant
sealer
sealing compound
seating
secondary containment system
secondary crusher
segmental construction
segregation
self-consolidating concrete
self-desiccation
self-furring
self-stressing concrete (mortar or grout)
selvage
semiautomatic batcher
sensor
separation
service dead load
service live load
service load
set (n.)
set time
set-accelerating admixture
set-retarding admixture
setting
setting time
settlement
settling
severe exposure condition
shale
sharp sand
she bolt
shear
shear cap
shear reinforcement
shear strength
shear stress
shearhead
shearwall
sheath
sheathing
sheet pile
sheeting
shelf angles
shielding concrete
shim
shooting
shore
shoring
shoring layout
short column
shorten
shotcrete
shotcreter
shotcrete rebound
shoulder
shrinkage
shrinkage crack
shrinkage cracking
shrinkage loss
shrinkage reinforcement
shrinkage-compensating
shrinkage-compensating cement
shrinkage-compensating concrete
shrink-mixed concrete
SI (Système International)
side-face blowout failure
sieve
sieve analysis
sieve fraction
sieve number
sieve size
silica
silica fume
silica powder
silicate
siliceous-aggregate concrete
silicone
silt
simple beam
single-sized aggregate
sinter
sintering
skid resistance
slab
slab bolster
slab strip
slab-jacking
slab-on-ground
slag
slag cement
slag-activity index
slake time
slate
sleeve
slender beam
slender column
slenderness ratio
slick line
sliding form
slip
slipform
sloped footing
sloughing
slugging
slump
slump cone
slump loss
slurry
smectite
snap tie
snow load
soil
soil cement
soil pressure
soil stabilization
solid masonry unit
solid masonry wall
solid panel
solid volume
solid-unit masonry
solubility
solution
soundness
spacer
spacing factor
spading
spall
spalling
span
span length
span-depth ratio
spandrel
spandrel beam
spatterdash
specialty structural engineer
specific gravity
specific surface
specified compressive strength of concrete
specified strength
specimen
spill
spinning
spiral reinforcement
spirally reinforced column
splice
split-face block
splitting tensile strength
splitting tensile test
spray drying
sprayed concrete
sprayed mortar
spread footing
spreader
spud vibrator
spun concrete
stability
stacking tube
stain (v.)
standard curing
standard fire test
standard hook
standard hooked bar
standard sand
standard time-temperature curve
static load
static modulus of elasticity
stationary hopper
steam curing
stearic acid
steel sheet
steel trowel
stencil patterned concrete
stepped footing
sticky cement
stiffness
stirrup
stoichiometric
stone sand
storage hopper
straightedge
straight-line theory
strain
strain hardening
strain softening
strand
strand wrapping
Stratling’s compound
strength
strength-design method
stress
stress concentration
stress corrosion
stress relaxation
stressing end
stress-strain diagram
stretcher
strikeoff
stringer
strip
strip foundation
stripper
stripping
strongback
structural adhesive
structural concrete
structural end-point
structural health monitoring
structural lightweight concrete
structural load test
structural repair
structural sandwich construction
structural slab-on-ground
strut
strut-and-tie model
stub wall
stucco
stud
subaqueous concrete
subbase
subgrade
subgrade modulus
subgrade reaction
substrate
substructure
sulfate attack
sulfate resistance
sulfate-resistant cement
sulfoaluminate cement
sump
superimposed load
superplasticizer
superstructure
supersulfated cement
supplementary cementitious material
surface active
surface air voids
surface area
surface bonding (of masonry)
surface moisture
surface retarder
surface tension
surface texture
surface vibrator
surface voids
surface water
surface-active agent
surfactant
sustained modulus of elasticity
sway brace
swelling
Swiss hammer
syngenite
system failure
Système International
talc
tamp process
tamper
tamping
tamping rod
tank
tank system
telltale
temper
temperature cracking
temperature reinforcement
temperature rise
temperature stress
temperature-rise period
temperature-time factor
template
temporary stresstendon
tensile strain capacity
tensile strength
tension reinforcement
ternary mixture
terrazzo concrete
test
tetracalcium aluminoferrite
texture
texturing
thermal conductance
thermal conductivity
thermal contraction
thermal expansion
thermal movement
thermal resistance
thermal shock
thermal stress
thermal volume change
thermoplastic
thermosetting
thin-shell precast
thixotropy
threaded anchorage
tie
tie bar
tie rod
tieback
tied column
tilting mixer
tilt-up
time of haul
time of setting
time-dependent deformation
tobermorite gel
tolerance
tom
tongue and groove
tooling
top form
topping
torque viscometer
torsional stress
toughness
traditional mass concrete
transducer
transfer
transfer bond
transfer length
transfer strength
transit mixer
transit-mixed concrete
translucent concrete
transmission length
transverse crack
transverse joint
transverse prestress
transverse reinforcement
transverse strength
traprock
trass
traveler
travertine
tremie
tremie seal
trench form
trial batch
triaxial compression test
triaxial test
tricalcium aluminate
tricalcium silicate
trough mixer
trowel
troweling
troweling machine
truck mixer
truck-mixed concrete
T-shore
tub mixer
tube-and-coupler shoring
tunnel lining
turbidimeter
turbine mixer
twin-twisted bar reinforcement
two-way reinforced footing
two-way reinforcement
two-way system
Type I cement
Type II cement
Type III cement
Type IV cement
Type V cement
ultimate load
ultimate moment
ultimate shear strength
ultimate shear stress
ultimate strength
ultimate-strength design
ultra-high-performance concrete
ultrasonic
unbonded member
unbonded post-tensioning
unbonded tendon
unbraced length of column
underbed
undersanded
undersize
underwater concrete
unhardened concrete
unit masonry
unit water content
unit weight
unreinforced concrete
unsound
U-value
vacuum concrete
vacuum dewatering
vacuum grouting
vacuum saturation
valve bag
vapor barrier
vapor pressure
vapor retarder
vebe apparatus
vehicle
veneer
vermiculite
vertical-shaft mixer
vibrated concrete
vibration
external vibration
internal vibration
surface vibration
vibration limit
vibrator
Vicat apparatus
viscometer
viscosity
visual concrete
void-cement ratio
volatile material
volume batching
volume change
volumetric measuring
volumetric mixer
w/c
w/cm
waffle slab
wale
wall
wall form
warehouse pack
warehouse setting
warping
warping joint
wash water
water blast
water pocket
water ring
water void
water-cement ratio
water-cementitious materials ratio
waterproof
waterproofed cement
water-reducing admixture
water-repellent
water-resistant
waterstop
watertight
wearing course
weathering
web bar
web reinforcement
wedge
wedge anchorage
weigh batching
weigh-in-motion
welded-butt splice
welded-wire fabric
welded-wire reinforcement
well-graded aggregate
wet
wet density
wet process
wet screening
wet sieving
wet-cast process
wet-mix shotcrete
wettest stable consistency
wetting agent
wheel load
white cement
wind load
wing pile
wire mesh
wire wrapping
wobble friction
work
workability
working load
working stress
working-stress design
woven-wire fabric
woven-wire reinforcement
wrapping
wythe (leaf)
X-brace
xonotlite
X-ray emission spectroscopy
X-ray fluorescence
yellowing
yield
yield point
yield strength
yield stress
yield stress at rest
yoke
zero-slump concrete
----- ACI 318-25 -----
action, deformation-controlled
action, force-controlled
adhesive
admixture
aggregate
aggregate, lightweight
alternative cement
anchor
anchor, adhesive
anchor, cast-in
anchor, expansion
anchor group
anchor, horizontal or upwardly inclined
anchor, post-installed
anchor, pullout strength
anchor, screw
anchor, undercut
anchorage device
anchorage device, basic monostrand
anchorage device, basic multistrand
anchorage device, special
anchorage zone
attachment
B-region
balanced strain condition
base of structure
basis of design
beam
boundary element
breakout strength, concrete
buiding official
caisson
cementitious materials
class of concrete
collector
column
column capital
compliance requirements
composite concrete flextural members
compression-controlled section
compression-controlled strain limit
concrete
concrete, all-lightweight
concrete-filled pipe piles
concrete, lightweight
concrete, nonprestressed
concrete, normalweight
concrete, plain
concrete, precast
concrete, prestressed
concrete, reinforced
concrete, sand-lightweight
concrete, steel fiber-reinforced
concrete strength, specified compressive, (fc')
connection
connection, ductile
connection, strong
construction documents
contraction joint
contractor
cover, specified concrete
crosstie
curtain
D-region
design displacement
design information
design load combination
design story drift ratio
development length, nonprestressed reinforcement
development length
discontinuity
distance sleeve
distributed plasticity (fiber) model
dowel
drilled piers or caissons
drop panel
duct
ductile coupled structural wall
durability
edge distance
effective depth of section
effective embedment depth, anchor
effective embedment depth, reinfocing bar
effective prestress
effective stiffness
embedment length
embedments
embedments, pipe
environmental product declaration (EPD)
equilibrium density
equivalent static wind load (WSWL)
expansion sleeve
expected strength, wind
extreme tension reinforcement
foundation seismic ties
global warming potential (GWP)
hazard event
headed bolt
headed deformed bars
headed shear stud reinforcement
headed stud
hooked bolt
hoop
inspection
inspection, continuous
inspection, periodic
isolation joint
jacking force
joint
joint, corner
licensed design professional
load cycle assessment (LCA)
load
load path
load, dead
load, factored
load, live
load, roof live
load, self-weight dead
load, service
load, superimposed dead
Manufacturer’s Printed Installation Instructions (MPII)
mechanical splice
mechanical splicing device
metal cased concrete piles
modulus of elasticity
moment frame
moment frame, intermediate
moment frame, ordinary
moment frame, special
net tensile strain
nodal zone
node
node, curved-bar
one-way construction
panel, shotcrete mockup
panel, shotcrete test
pedestal
performance-based wind design (PBWD)
performance objective
performance objective, continuous occupancy, limited interruption
performance objective, occupant comfort
performance objective, operational
plastic hinge region
post-installed reinforcing bar
post-tensioning
precast concrete piles
precompressed tension zone
pretensioning
projected area
pryout strength, concrete
reinforcement
reinforcement, anchor
reinforcement, bonded prestressed
reinforcement, deformed
reinforcement, nonprestressed
reinforcement, plain
reinforcement, prestressed
reinforcement, prestressing
reinforcement, supplementary
reinforcement, welded deformed steel bar mat
reinforcement, welded wire
reinforcing bar group
resilient design
Seismic Design Category
seismic hook
seismic-force-resisting system
shear cap
shear lug
sheathing
shotcrete
shotcrete, dry-mix
shotcrete, wet-mix
side-face blowout strength, concrete
slab beam strip
spacing
spacing, clear
span length
special seismic systems
specialty engineer
specialty insert
spiral reinforcement
steel element, brittle
steel element, ductile
stirrup
strength, design
strength, nominal
strength, required
stretch length
structural concrete
structural diaphragm
structural integrity
structural system
structural truss
structural wall
structural wall panel zone
structural wall, ductile coupled
structural wall, intermediate precast
structural wall, ordinary plain concrete
structural wall, ordinary reinforced concrete
structural wall, special
strut
strut-and-tie model
strut, boundary
strut, interior
sustainable design
tendon
tendon, bonded
tendon, external
tendon, unbonded
tensile strength, reinforcement
tension-controlled section
tie
transfer
transfer length
two-way construction
uncased cast-in-place concrete drilled or augered piles
wall
wall pier
wall segment
wall segment, horizontal
wall segment, vertical
water-cementitious materials ratio
Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA)
Work
yield strength, reinforcement
